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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML format text/html html

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the most basic building block of the Web. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior (JavaScript).

"Hypertext" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.

HTML uses "markup" to annotate text, images, and other content for display in a Web browser. HTML markup includes special "elements" such as <head>, <title>, <body>, <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <p>, <div>, <span>, <img>, <aside>, <audio>, <canvas>, <datalist>, <details>, <embed>, <nav>, <search>, <output>, <progress>, <video>, <ul>, <ol>, <li> and many others.

An HTML element is set off from other text in a document by "tags", which consist of the element name surrounded by "<" and ">". The name of an element inside a tag is case-insensitive. That is, it can be written in uppercase, lowercase, or a mixture. For example, the <title> tag can be written as <Title>, <TITLE>, or in any other way. However, the convention and recommended practice is to write tags in lowercase.

Elements

<a>

The <a> HTML element (or anchor element), with its href attribute, creates a hyperlink to web pages, files, email addresses, locations in the same page, or anything else a URL can address.

Attributes

This element's attributes include the global attributes.

  • download
    Causes the browser to treat the linked URL as a download. Can be used with or without a filename value:

    Without a value, the browser will suggest a filename/extension, generated from various sources:
    - The Content-Disposition HTTP header
    - The final segment in the URL path
    - The media type (from the Content-Type header, the start of a data: URL, or Blob.type for a blob: URL)

  • filename:
    defining a value suggests it as the filename. / and \ characters are converted to underscores (_). Filesystems may forbid other characters in filenames, so browsers will adjust the suggested name if necessary.

  • href
    The URL that the hyperlink points to. Links are not restricted to HTTP-based URLs — they can use any URL scheme supported by browsers:

    • Sections of a page with document fragments
    • Specific text portions with text fragments
    • Pieces of media files with media fragments
    • Telephone numbers with tel: URLs
    • Email addresses with mailto: URLs

<article>

The <article> HTML element represents a self-contained composition in a document, page, application, or site, which is intended to be independently distributable or reusable (e.g., in syndication). Examples include: a forum post, a magazine or newspaper article, or a blog entry, a product card, a user-submitted comment, an interactive widget or gadget, or any other independent item of content.

<audio>

The <audio> HTML element is used to embed sound content in documents. It may contain one or more audio sources, represented using the src attribute or the <source> element: the browser will choose the most suitable one. It can also be the destination for streamed media, using a MediaStream.

Attributes

This element's attributes include the global attributes.

  • autoplay
    A Boolean attribute: if specified, the audio will automatically begin playback as soon as it can do so, without waiting for the entire audio file to finish downloading.
    -controls
    If this attribute is present, the browser will offer controls to allow the user to control audio playback, including volume, seeking, and pause/resume playback.
    -loop
    A Boolean attribute: if specified, the audio player will automatically seek back to the start upon reaching the end of the audio.
    -muted
    A Boolean attribute that indicates whether the audio will be initially silenced. Its default value is false.

  • preload
    This enumerated attribute is intended to provide a hint to the browser about what the author thinks will lead to the best user experience. It may have one of the following values:

    • none: Indicates that the audio should not be preloaded.
    • metadata: Indicates that only audio metadata (e.g. length) is fetched.
    • auto: Indicates that the whole audio file can be downloaded, even if the user is not expected to use it.
    • empty string: A synonym of the auto value.

<b>

The <b> HTML element is used to draw the reader's attention to the element's contents, which are not otherwise granted special importance. This was formerly known as the Boldface element, and most browsers still draw the text in boldface. However, you should not use <b> for styling text or granting importance. If you wish to create boldface text, you should use the CSS font-weight property. If you wish to indicate an element is of special importance, you should use the <strong> element.

<blockquote>

The <blockquote> HTML element indicates that the enclosed text is an extended quotation. Usually, this is rendered visually by indentation (see Notes for how to change it). A URL for the source of the quotation may be given using the cite attribute, while a text representation of the source can be given using the <cite> element.

<body>

The <body> HTML element represents the content of an HTML document. There can be only one <body> element in a document.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • onload
    Function to call when the document has finished loading.
  • onoffline
    Function to call when network communication has failed.
  • ononline
    Function to call when network communication has been restored.

<br>

The <br> HTML element produces a line break in text (carriage-return). It is useful for writing a poem or an address, where the division of lines is significant.

<button>

The <button> HTML element is an interactive element activated by a user with a mouse, keyboard, finger, voice command, or other assistive technology. Once activated, it then performs an action, such as submitting a form or opening a dialog.

By default, HTML buttons are presented in a style resembling the platform the user agent runs on, but you can change buttons' appearance with CSS.

Attributes

This element's attributes include the global attributes.

  • autofocus
    This Boolean attribute specifies that the button should have input focus when the page loads. Only one element in a document can have this attribute.
  • disabled
    This Boolean attribute prevents the user from interacting with the button: it cannot be pressed or focused.
  • form
    The <form> element to associate the button with (its form owner). The value of this attribute must be the id of a <form> in the same document. (If this attribute is not set, the <button> is associated with its ancestor <form> element, if any.)
    This attribute lets you associate <button> elements to <form>s anywhere in the document, not just inside a <form>. It can also override an ancestor <form> element.
  • name
    The name of the button, submitted as a pair with the button's value as part of the form data, when that button is used to submit the form.
  • type
    The default behavior of the button. Possible values are:
    • submit: The button submits the form data to the server. This is the default if the attribute is not specified for buttons associated with a <form>, or if the attribute is an empty or invalid value.
    • reset: The button resets all the controls to their initial values, like . (This behavior tends to annoy users.)
    • button: The button has no default behavior, and does nothing when pressed by default. It can have client-side scripts listen to the element's events, which are triggered when the events occur.
  • value
    Defines the value associated with the button's name when it's submitted with the form data. This value is passed to the server in params when the form is submitted using this button.

<code>

The <code> HTML element displays its contents styled in a fashion intended to indicate that the text is a short fragment of computer code. By default, the content text is displayed using the user agent's default monospace font.

<data>

The <data> HTML element links a given piece of content with a machine-readable translation. If the content is time- or date-related, the <time> element must be used.

Attributes

This element's attributes include the global attributes.

  • value
    This attribute specifies the machine-readable translation of the content of the element.

<del>

The <del> HTML element represents a range of text that has been deleted from a document. This can be used when rendering "track changes" or source code diff information, for example. The <ins> element can be used for the opposite purpose: to indicate text that has been added to the document.

<details>

The <details> HTML element creates a disclosure widget in which information is visible only when the widget is toggled into an "open" state. A summary or label must be provided using the <summary> element.

A disclosure widget is typically presented onscreen using a small triangle which rotates (or twists) to indicate open/closed status, with a label next to the triangle. The contents of the <summary> element are used as the label for the disclosure widget.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • open
    This Boolean attribute indicates whether the details — that is, the contents of the <details> element — are currently visible. The details are shown when this attribute exists, or hidden when this attribute is absent. By default this attribute is absent which means the details are not visible.

    Note: You have to remove this attribute entirely to make the details hidden. open="false" makes the details visible because this attribute is Boolean.

<div>

The <div> HTML element is the generic container for flow content. It has no effect on the content or layout until styled in some way using CSS.

<em>

The <em> HTML element marks text that has stress emphasis. The <em> element can be nested, with each level of nesting indicating a greater degree of emphasis.

<embed>

The <embed> HTML element embeds external content at the specified point in the document. This content is provided by an external application or other source of interactive content such as a browser plug-in.

Attributes

This element's attributes include the global attributes.

  • height
    The displayed height of the resource, in CSS pixels. This must be an absolute value; percentages are not allowed.
  • src
    The URL of the resource being embedded.
  • type
    The MIME type to use to select the plug-in to instantiate.
  • width
    The displayed width of the resource, in CSS pixels. This must be an absolute value; percentages are not allowed.

<footer>

The <footer> HTML element represents a footer for its nearest ancestor sectioning content or sectioning root element. A <footer> typically contains information about the author of the section, copyright data or links to related documents.

<form>

The <form> HTML element represents a document section containing interactive controls for submitting information.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • accept-charset
    Space-separated character encodings the server accepts. The browser uses them in the order in which they are listed. The default value means the same encoding as the page. (In previous versions of HTML, character encodings could also be delimited by commas.)
  • autocomplete
    Indicates whether input elements can by default have their values automatically completed by the browser. autocomplete attributes on form elements override it on <form>. Possible values:
    • off: The browser may not automatically complete entries. (Browsers tend to ignore this for suspected login forms; see The autocomplete attribute and login fields.)
    • on: The browser may automatically complete entries.
  • name
    The name of the form. The value must not be the empty string, and must be unique among the form elements in the forms collection that it is in, if any.

Attributes for form submission

The following attributes control behavior during form submission.

  • action
    The URL that processes the form submission. This value can be overridden by a formaction attribute on a <button>, <input type="submit">, or <input type="image"> element. This attribute is ignored when method="dialog" is set.
  • enctype
    If the value of the method attribute is post, enctype is the MIME type of the form submission. Possible values:
    • application/x-www-form-urlencoded: The default value.
    • multipart/form-data: Use this if the form contains <input> elements with type=file.
    • text/plain: Useful for debugging purposes.
  • method
    The HTTP method to submit the form with. The only allowed methods/values are (case insensitive):
    • post: The POST method; form data sent as the request body.
    • get (default): The GET; form data appended to the action URL with a ? separator. Use this method when the form has no side effects.
    • dialog: When the form is inside a <dialog>, closes the dialog and causes a submit event to be fired on submission, without submitting data or clearing the form.
  • target
    Indicates where to display the response after submitting the form. It is a name/keyword for a browsing context (for example, tab, window, or iframe). The following keywords have special meanings:
    • _self (default): Load into the same browsing context as the current one.
    • _blank: Load into a new unnamed browsing context. This provides the same behavior as setting rel="noopener" which does not set window.opener.
    • _parent: Load into the parent browsing context of the current one. If no parent, behaves the same as _self.
    • _top: Load into the top-level browsing context (i.e., the browsing context that is an ancestor of the current one and has no parent). If no parent, behaves the same as _self.

<h1>

The <h1> to <h6> HTML elements represent six levels of section headings. <h1> is the highest section level and <h6> is the lowest. By default, all heading elements create a block-level box in the layout, starting on a new line and taking up the full width available in their containing block.

<head>

The <head> HTML element contains machine-readable information (metadata) about the document, like its title, scripts, and style sheets.

<header>

The <header> HTML element represents introductory content, typically a group of introductory or navigational aids. It may contain some heading elements but also a logo, a search form, an author name, and other elements.

<hr>

The <hr> HTML element represents a thematic break between paragraph-level elements: for example, a change of scene in a story, or a shift of topic within a section.

<html>

The <html> HTML element represents the root (top-level element) of an HTML document, so it is also referred to as the root element. All other elements must be descendants of this element.

<iframe>

The <iframe> HTML element represents a nested browsing context, embedding another HTML page into the current one.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • height
    The height of the frame in CSS pixels. Default is 150.
  • loading
    Indicates how the browser should load the iframe:
    • eager: Load the iframe immediately, regardless if it is outside the visible viewport (this is the default value).
    • lazy: Defer loading of the iframe until it reaches a calculated distance from the viewport, as defined by the browser.
  • name
    A targetable name for the embedded browsing context. This can be used in the target attribute of the <a>, <form>, or <base> elements; the formtarget attribute of the <input> or <button> elements; or the windowName parameter in the window.open() method.
  • src
    The URL of the page to embed. Use a value of about:blank to embed an empty page that conforms to the same-origin policy. Also note that programmatically removing an <iframe>'s src attribute (e.g. via Element.removeAttribute()) causes about:blank to be loaded in the frame in Firefox (from version 65), Chromium-based browsers, and Safari/iOS.
  • width
    The width of the frame in CSS pixels. Default is 300.

<img>

The <img> HTML element embeds an image into the document.

  • alt
    Defines an alternative text description of the image.
  • height
    The intrinsic height of the image, in pixels. Must be an integer without a unit.
  • src
    The image URL. Mandatory for the <img> element. On browsers supporting srcset, src is treated like a candidate image with a pixel density descriptor 1x, unless an image with this pixel density descriptor is already defined in srcset, or unless srcset contains w descriptors.
  • width
    The intrinsic width of the image in pixels. Must be an integer without a unit.

<ins>

The <ins> HTML element represents a range of text that has been added to a document. You can use the <del> element to similarly represent a range of text that has been deleted from the document.

<li>

The <li> HTML element is used to represent an item in a list. It must be contained in a parent element: an ordered list (<ol>), an unordered list (<ul>), or a menu (<menu>). In menus and unordered lists, list items are usually displayed using bullet points. In ordered lists, they are usually displayed with an ascending counter on the left, such as a number or letter.

<mark>

The <mark> HTML element represents text which is marked or highlighted for reference or notation purposes due to the marked passage's relevance in the enclosing context.

<meta>

The <meta> HTML element represents metadata that cannot be represented by other HTML meta-related elements, like <base>, <link>, <script>, <style> or <title>.

<meta name="name" content="value">

<nav>

The <nav> HTML element represents a section of a page whose purpose is to provide navigation links, either within the current document or to other documents. Common examples of navigation sections are menus, tables of contents, and indexes.

<ol>

The <ol> HTML element represents an ordered list of items — typically rendered as a numbered list.

Attributes

This element also accepts the global attributes.

  • reversed
    This Boolean attribute specifies that the list's items are in reverse order. Items will be numbered from high to low.
  • start
    An integer to start counting from for the list items. Always an Arabic numeral (1, 2, 3, etc.), even when the numbering type is letters or Roman numerals. For example, to start numbering elements from the letter "d" or the Roman numeral "iv," use start="4".

<optgroup>

The <optgroup> HTML element creates a grouping of options within a <select> element.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • disabled
    If this Boolean attribute is set, none of the items in this option group is selectable. Often browsers grey out such control and it won't receive any browsing events, like mouse clicks or focus-related ones.
  • label
    The name of the group of options, which the browser can use when labeling the options in the user interface. This attribute is mandatory if this element is used.

<option>

The <option> HTML element is used to define an item contained in a <select>, an <optgroup>, or a <datalist> element. As such, <option> can represent menu items in popups and other lists of items in an HTML document.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • disabled
    If this Boolean attribute is set, this option is not checkable. Often browsers grey out such control and it won't receive any browsing event, like mouse clicks or focus-related ones. If this attribute is not set, the element can still be disabled if one of its ancestors is a disabled <optgroup> element.
  • label
    This attribute is text for the label indicating the meaning of the option. If the label attribute isn't defined, its value is that of the element text content.
  • selected
    If present, this Boolean attribute indicates that the option is initially selected. If the <option> element is the descendant of a <select> element whose multiple attribute is not set, only one single <option> of this <select> element may have the selected attribute.
  • value
    The content of this attribute represents the value to be submitted with the form, should this option be selected. If this attribute is omitted, the value is taken from the text content of the option element.

<p>

The <p> HTML element represents a paragraph. Paragraphs are usually represented in visual media as blocks of text separated from adjacent blocks by blank lines and/or first-line indentation, but HTML paragraphs can be any structural grouping of related content, such as images or form fields.

<pre>

The <pre> HTML element represents preformatted text which is to be presented exactly as written in the HTML file. The text is typically rendered using a non-proportional, or monospaced, font. Whitespace inside this element is displayed as written.

<progress>

The <progress> HTML element displays an indicator showing the completion progress of a task, typically displayed as a progress bar.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • max
    This attribute describes how much work the task indicated by the progress element requires. The max attribute, if present, must have a value greater than 0 and be a valid floating point number. The default value is 1.
  • value
    This attribute specifies how much of the task that has been completed. It must be a valid floating point number between 0 and max, or between 0 and 1 if max is omitted. If there is no value attribute, the progress bar is indeterminate; this indicates that an activity is ongoing with no indication of how long it is expected to take.

<s>

The <s> HTML element renders text with a strikethrough, or a line through it. Use the <s> element to represent things that are no longer relevant or no longer accurate. However, <s> is not appropriate when indicating document edits; for that, use the <del> and <ins> elements, as appropriate.

<section>

The <section> HTML element represents a generic standalone section of a document, which doesn't have a more specific semantic element to represent it. Sections should always have a heading, with very few exceptions.

<selection>

The <select> HTML element represents a control that provides a menu of options.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • autocomplete
    A string providing a hint for a user agent's autocomplete feature. See The HTML autocomplete attribute for a complete list of values and details on how to use autocomplete.

  • autofocus
    This Boolean attribute lets you specify that a form control should have input focus when the page loads. Only one form element in a document can have the autofocus attribute.

  • disabled
    This Boolean attribute indicates that the user cannot interact with the control. If this attribute is not specified, the control inherits its setting from the containing element, for example <fieldset>; if there is no containing element with the disabled attribute set, then the control is enabled.

  • form
    The <form> element to associate the <select> with (its form owner). The value of this attribute must be the id of a <form> in the same document. (If this attribute is not set, the <select> is associated with its ancestor <form> element, if any.)

    This attribute lets you associate <select> elements to <form>s anywhere in the document, not just inside a <form>. It can also override an ancestor <form> element.

  • multiple
    This Boolean attribute indicates that multiple options can be selected in the list. If it is not specified, then only one option can be selected at a time. When multiple is specified, most browsers will show a scrolling list box instead of a single line dropdown.

  • name
    This attribute is used to specify the name of the control.

  • required
    A Boolean attribute indicating that an option with a non-empty string value must be selected.

  • size
    If the control is presented as a scrolling list box (e.g. when multiple is specified), this attribute represents the number of rows in the list that should be visible at one time. Browsers are not required to present a select element as a scrolled list box. The default value is 0.

<source>

The <source> HTML element specifies multiple media resources for the <picture>, the <audio> element, or the <video> element. It is a void element, meaning that it has no content and does not have a closing tag. It is commonly used to offer the same media content in multiple file formats in order to provide compatibility with a broad range of browsers given their differing support for image file formats and media file formats.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

<span>

The <span> HTML element is a generic inline container for phrasing content, which does not inherently represent anything. It can be used to group elements for styling purposes (using the class or id attributes), or because they share attribute values, such as lang. It should be used only when no other semantic element is appropriate. <span> is very much like a <div> element, but <div> is a block-level element whereas a <span> is an inline-level element.

<strong>

The <strong> HTML element indicates that its contents have strong importance, seriousness, or urgency. Browsers typically render the contents in bold type.

<style>

The <style> HTML element contains style information for a document, or part of a document. It contains CSS, which is applied to the contents of the document containing the <style> element.

<sub>

The <sub> HTML element specifies inline text which should be displayed as subscript for solely typographical reasons. Subscripts are typically rendered with a lowered baseline using smaller text.

<sup>

The <sup> HTML element specifies inline text which is to be displayed as superscript for solely typographical reasons. Superscripts are usually rendered with a raised baseline using smaller text.

<table>

The <table> HTML element represents tabular data — that is, information presented in a two-dimensional table comprised of rows and columns of cells containing data.

<tbody>

The <tbody> HTML element encapsulates a set of table rows (<tr> elements), indicating that they comprise the body of the table (<table>).

<td>

The <td> HTML element defines a cell of a table that contains data. It participates in the table model.

<th>

The <th> HTML element defines a cell as the header of a group of table cells. The exact nature of this group is defined by the scope and headers attributes.

<thead>

The <thead> HTML element defines a set of rows defining the head of the columns of the table.

<tr>

The <tr> HTML element defines a row of cells in a table. The row's cells can then be established using a mix of <td> (data cell) and <th> (header cell) elements.

<textarea>

The <textarea> HTML element represents a multi-line plain-text editing control, useful when you want to allow users to enter a sizeable amount of free-form text, for example a comment on a review or feedback form.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

  • autocomplete
    This attribute indicates whether the value of the control can be automatically completed by the browser. Possible values are:
    • off: The user must explicitly enter a value into this field for every use, or the document provides its own auto-completion method; the browser does not automatically complete the entry.
    • on: The browser can automatically complete the value based on values that the user has entered during previous uses.
  • autofocus
    This Boolean attribute lets you specify that a form control should have input focus when the page loads. Only one form-associated element in a document can have this attribute specified.
  • cols
    The visible width of the text control, in average character widths. If it is specified, it must be a positive integer. If it is not specified, the default value is 20.
  • disabled
    This Boolean attribute indicates that the user cannot interact with the control. If this attribute is not specified, the control inherits its setting from the containing element, for example <fieldset>; if there is no containing element when the disabled attribute is set, the control is enabled.
  • form
    The form element that the <textarea> element is associated with (its "form owner"). The value of the attribute must be the id of a form element in the same document. If this attribute is not specified, the <textarea> element must be a descendant of a form element. This attribute enables you to place <textarea> elements anywhere within a document, not just as descendants of form elements.
  • maxlength
    The maximum string length (measured in UTF-16 code units) that the user can enter. If this value isn't specified, the user can enter an unlimited number of characters.
  • minlength
    The minimum string length (measured in UTF-16 code units) required that the user should enter.
  • name
    The name of the control.
  • placeholder
    A hint to the user of what can be entered in the control. Carriage returns or line-feeds within the placeholder text must be treated as line breaks when rendering the hint.
  • readonly
    This Boolean attribute indicates that the user cannot modify the value of the control. Unlike the disabled attribute, the readonly attribute does not prevent the user from clicking or selecting in the control. The value of a read-only control is still submitted with the form.
  • required
    This attribute specifies that the user must fill in a value before submitting a form.
  • rows
    The number of visible text lines for the control. If it is specified, it must be a positive integer. If it is not specified, the default value is 2.

<title>

The <title> HTML element defines the document's title that is shown in a browser's title bar or a page's tab. It only contains text; tags within the element are ignored.

<ul>

The <ul> HTML element represents an unordered list of items, typically rendered as a bulleted list.

<video>

The <video> HTML element embeds a media player which supports video playback into the document. You can use <video> for audio content as well, but the <audio> element may provide a more appropriate user experience.

Attributes

Like all other HTML elements, this element supports the global attributes.

  • autoplay
    A Boolean attribute; if specified, the video automatically begins to play back as soon as it can do so without stopping to finish loading the data.
  • controls
    If this attribute is present, the browser will offer controls to allow the user to control video playback, including volume, seeking, and pause/resume playback.
  • height
    The height of the video's display area, in CSS pixels (absolute values only; no percentages).
  • loop
    A Boolean attribute; if specified, the browser will automatically seek back to the start upon reaching the end of the video.
  • muted
    A Boolean attribute that indicates the default setting of the audio contained in the video. If set, the audio will be initially silenced. Its default value is false, meaning that the audio will be played when the video is played.
  • poster
    A URL for an image to be shown while the video is downloading. If this attribute isn't specified, nothing is displayed until the first frame is available, then the first frame is shown as the poster frame.
  • src
    The URL of the video to embed. This is optional; you may instead use the <source> element within the video block to specify the video to embed.
  • width
    The width of the video's display area, in CSS pixels (absolute values only; no percentages).

Events

Event Name Fired When
audioprocess Deprecated The input buffer of a ScriptProcessorNode is ready to be processed.
canplay The browser can play the media, but estimates that not enough data has been loaded to play the media up to its end without having to stop for further buffering of content.
canplaythrough The browser estimates it can play the media up to its end without stopping for content buffering.
complete The rendering of an OfflineAudioContext is terminated.
durationchange The duration attribute has been updated.
emptied The media has become empty; for example, this event is sent if the media has already been loaded (or partially loaded), and the load() method is called to reload it.
endedback has stopped because the end of the media was reached.
error An error occurred while fetching the media data, or the type of the resource is not a supported media format.
loadeddata The first frame of the media has finished loading.
loadedmetadata The metadata has been loaded.
loadstart Fired when the browser has started to load the resource.
pauseback has been paused.
playback has begun.
playingback is ready to start after having been paused or delayed due to lack of data.
progress Fired periodically as the browser loads a resource.
ratechange The playback rate has changed.
seeked A seek operation completed.
seeking A seek operation began.
stalled The user agent is trying to fetch media data, but data is unexpectedly not forthcoming.
suspend Media data loading has been suspended.
timeupdate The time indicated by the currentTime attribute has been updated.
volumechange The volume has changed.
waitingback has stopped because of a temporary lack of data.

<script>

The <script> HTML element is used to embed executable code or data; this is typically used to embed or refer to JavaScript code. The <script> element can also be used with other languages, such as WebGL's GLSL shader programming language and JSON.

<script src="javascript.js"></script>

<input>

The <input> HTML element is used to create interactive controls for web-based forms in order to accept data from the user; a wide variety of types of input data and control widgets are available, depending on the device and user agent. The <input> element is one of the most powerful and complex in all of HTML due to the sheer number of combinations of input types and attributes.

The available types are as follows:

Type Description
button A push button with no default behavior displaying the value of the value attribute, empty by default.
checkbox A check box allowing single values to be selected/deselected.
color A control for specifying a color; opening a color picker when active in supporting browsers.
date A control for entering a date (year, month, and day, with no time). Opens a date picker or numeric wheels for year, month, day when active in supporting browsers.
datetime-local A control for entering a date and time, with no time zone. Opens a date picker or numeric wheels for date- and time-components when active in supporting browsers.
email A field for editing an email address. Looks like a text input, but has validation parameters and relevant keyboard in supporting browsers and devices with dynamic keyboards.
file A control that lets the user select a file. Use the accept attribute to define the types of files that the control can select.
hidden A control that is not displayed but whose value is submitted to the server. There is an example in the next column, but it's hidden!
image A graphical submit button. Displays an image defined by the src attribute. The alt attribute displays if the image src is missing.
month A control for entering a month and year, with no time zone.
number A control for entering a number. Displays a spinner and adds default validation. Displays a numeric keypad in some devices with dynamic keypads.
password A single-line text field whose value is obscured. Will alert user if site is not secure.
radio A radio button, allowing a single value to be selected out of multiple choices with the same name value.
range A control for entering a number whose exact value is not important. Displays as a range widget defaulting to the middle value. Used in conjunction min and max to define the range of acceptable values.
reset A button that resets the contents of the form to default values. Not recommended.
search A single-line text field for entering search strings. Line-breaks are automatically removed from the input value. May include a delete icon in supporting browsers that can be used to clear the field. Displays a search icon instead of enter key on some devices with dynamic keypads.
submit A button that submits the form.
tel A control for entering a telephone number. Displays a telephone keypad in some devices with dynamic keypads.
text The default value. A single-line text field. Line-breaks are automatically removed from the input value.
time A control for entering a time value with no time zone.
url A field for entering a URL. Looks like a text input, but has validation parameters and relevant keyboard in supporting browsers and devices with dynamic keyboards.
week A control for entering a date consisting of a week-year number and a week number with no time zone.

Attributes

Global Attributes

Name Description
autofocus The autofocus global attribute is a Boolean attribute indicating that an element should be focused on page load, or when the <dialog> that it is part of is displayed.
class The class global attribute is a space-separated list of the case-sensitive classes of the element. Classes allow CSS and JavaScript to select and access specific elements via the class selectors or functions like the DOM method document.getElementsByClassName.
data-* The data-* global attributes form a class of attributes called custom data attributes, that allow proprietary information to be exchanged between the HTML and its DOM representation by scripts.
hidden The hidden global attribute is an enumerated attribute indicating that the browser should not render the contents of the element. For example, it can be used to hide elements of the page that can't be used until the login process has been completed.
id The id global attribute defines an identifier (ID) which must be unique in the whole document. Its purpose is to identify the element when linking (using a fragment identifier), scripting, or styling (with CSS).
lang The lang global attribute helps define the language of an element: the language that non-editable elements are written in, or the language that the editable elements should be written in by the user. The attribute contains a single "language tag" in the format defined in RFC 5646: Tags for Identifying Languages (also known as BCP 47).
style The style global attribute contains CSS styling declarations to be applied to the element. Note that it is recommended for styles to be defined in a separate file or files. This attribute and the <style> element have mainly the purpose of allowing for quick styling, for example for testing purposes.

Normal Attributes

Name Description
disabled The Boolean disabled attribute, when present, makes the element not mutable, focusable, or even submitted with the form. The user can neither edit nor focus on the control, nor its form control descendants.
max The max attribute defines the maximum value that is acceptable and valid for the input containing the attribute. If the value of the element is greater than this, the element fails validation. This value must be greater than or equal to the value of the min attribute. If the max attribute is present but is not specified or is invalid, no max value is applied. If the max attribute is valid and a non-empty value is greater than the maximum allowed by the max attribute, constraint validation will prevent form submission.
maxlength The maxlength attribute defines the maximum string length that the user can enter into an <input> or <textarea>. The attribute must have an integer value of 0 or higher.
min The min attribute defines the minimum value that is acceptable and valid for the input containing the attribute. If the value of the element is less than this, the element fails validation. This value must be less than or equal to the value of the max attribute.
minlength The minlength attribute defines the minimum string length that the user can enter into an <input> or <textarea>. The attribute must have an integer value of 0 or higher.
placeholder The placeholder attribute defines the text displayed in a form control when the control has no value. The placeholder text should provide a brief hint to the user as to the expected type of data that should be entered into the control.
readonly The Boolean readonly attribute, when present, makes the element not mutable, meaning the user can not edit the control.
required The Boolean required attribute, if present, indicates that the user must specify a value for the input before the owning form can be submitted.