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knowledge/technology/internet/UDP.md
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obj wiki rfc
concept https://wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc768

UDP

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport layer protocol in the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. Unlike Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), UDP does not establish a connection before sending data and does not guarantee the delivery of data. Instead, it provides a simple and lightweight mechanism for transmitting data quickly.

Key Characteristics

1. Connectionless:

  • UDP is connectionless, meaning it does not establish a connection before sending data. Each UDP packet is treated independently.

2. Unreliable:

  • UDP does not guarantee the delivery of data, and there is no mechanism for retransmission if packets are lost or arrive out of order.

3. Low Overhead:

  • UDP has minimal overhead compared to TCP, making it suitable for applications where speed and low latency are prioritized over reliability.

4. Broadcast and Multicast Support:

  • UDP supports broadcast and multicast communication, allowing a single UDP packet to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously.

5. No Flow Control:

  • UDP does not implement flow control mechanisms, so it may send data at a rate that the recipient cannot handle.

Use Cases

1. Real-Time Applications:

  • UDP is commonly used in real-time applications where low latency is critical, such as online gaming, video conferencing, and voice over IP (VoIP).

2. Streaming Media:

  • Streaming services often use UDP for delivering media content due to its speed and the ability to handle occasional packet loss without severe impact.

3. Network Monitoring:

  • UDP is used in network monitoring tools and protocols, such as the Domain Name System (DNS) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

4. IoT Devices:

  • Internet of Things (IoT) devices may use UDP for lightweight communication, especially when reliability is not the primary concern.

UDP Header

The UDP header includes the following fields:

  • Source and Destination Port Numbers: Identify the source and destination applications on the devices.
  • Length: Specifies the length of the UDP header and data.
  • Checksum: Provides a simple error-checking mechanism for the UDP header and data.

Comparison with TCP

  • Reliability: UDP is unreliable and does not guarantee the delivery of data, while TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented communication.
  • Overhead: UDP has lower overhead than TCP since it lacks features such as connection setup, acknowledgment, and flow control.
  • Use Cases: UDP is suitable for real-time applications and scenarios where low latency is crucial, while TCP is preferred for applications requiring reliable data transfer.