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Cryptography
Cryptography is the science and art of securing communication and information through the use of mathematical techniques and algorithms. It plays a crucial role in ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data in various applications, including communication systems, financial transactions, and information storage.
Cryptographic Algorithms
1. Symmetric-Key Algorithms
Symmetric-key algorithms use the same key for both encryption and decryption. They are efficient and fast, making them suitable for bulk data encryption. See AES.
2. Asymmetric-Key Algorithms
Asymmetric-key algorithms use a pair of public and private keys. The public key is shared openly, while the private key is kept secret. Data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key, and vice versa. See RSA.
3. Hash Functions
Hash functions take input data and produce a fixed-size hash value, typically a string of characters. They are fundamental for data integrity verification. See SHA.