add japanese

japanese/Hiragana.md

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+---
+obj: concept
+wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana
+---
+
+
+# Hiragana
+Hiragana (ひらがな) is one of the three scripts used in the Japanese writing system, alongside Katakana and Kanji. It is a phonetic script used primarily for native Japanese words and grammatical functions. Hiragana is often the first script that Japanese children and language learners are taught.
+
+# Table
+
+|     | a                        | i        | u        | e                       | o       | ya         | yu         | yo         |
+| --- | ------------------------ | -------- | -------- | ----------------------- | ------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
+|     | あ (a)                   | い (i)   | う (u)   | え (e)                  | お (o)  | -          | -          | -          |
+| k   | か (ka)                  | き (ki)  | く (ku)  | け (ke)                 | こ (ko) | きゃ (kya) | きゅ (kyu) | きょ (kyo) |
+| s   | さ (sa)                  | し (shi) | す (su)  | せ (se)                 | そ (so) | しゃ (sha) | しゅ (shu) | しょ (sho) |
+| t   | た (ta)                  | ち (chi) | つ (tsu) | て (te)                 | と (to) | ちゃ (cha) | ちゅ (chu) | ちょ (cho) |
+| n   | な (na)                  | に (ni)  | ぬ (nu)  | ね (ne)                 | の (no) | にゃ (nya) | にゅ (nyu) | にょ (nyo) |
+| h   | は (ha) (wa as particle) | ひ (hi)  | ふ (fu)  | へ (he) (e as particle) | ほ (ho) | ひゃ (hya) | ひゅ (hyu) | ひょ (hyo) |
+| m   | ま (ma)                  | み (mi)  | む (mu)  | め (me)                 | も (mo) | みゃ (mya) | みゅ (myu) | みょ (myo) |
+| y   | や (ya)                  | -        | ゆ (yu)  | -                       | よ (yo) | -          | -          | -          |
+| r   | ら (ra)                  | り (ri)  | る (ru)  | れ (re)                 | ろ (ro) | りゃ (rya) | りゅ (ryu) | りょ (ryo) |
+| w   | わ (wa)                  | ゐ (i)   | -        | ゑ (e)                  | を (o)  | -          | -          | -          |
+| g   | が (ga)                  | ぎ (gi)  | ぐ (gu)  | げ (ge)                 | ご (go) | ぎゃ (gya) | ぎゅ (gyu) | ぎょ (gyo) |
+| z   | ざ (za)                  | じ (ji)  | ず (zu)  | ぜ (ze)                 | ぞ (zo) | じゃ (ja)  | じゅ (ju)  | じょ (jo)  |
+| d   | だ (da)                  | ぢ (ji)  | づ (zu)  | で (de)                 | ど (do) | ぢゃ (ja)  | ぢゅ (ju)  | ぢょ (jo)  |
+| b   | ば (ba)                  | び (bi)  | ぶ (bu)  | べ (be)                 | ぼ (bo) | びゃ (bya) | びゅ (byu) | びょ (byo) |
+| p   | ぱ (pa)                  | ぴ (pi)  | ぷ (pu)  | ぺ (pe)                 | ぽ (po) | ぴゃ (pya) | ぴゅ (pyu) | ぴょ (pyo) |
+| n   | ん (n)                   | -        | -        | -                       | -       | -          | -          | -          | 
+
+## Other Graphenes
+- **ゝ (iteration mark - hiragana)**: This symbol is called "odoriji" or "repetition mark." It is used to indicate that the preceding Kana character should be repeated. It is specific to Hiragana. For example:
+    - さゝ (sasa) for repeated "さ" (sa)
+- **ゞ (iteration mark with dakuten - hiragana)**: This is similar to the previous iteration mark but with a dakuten. It indicates that the preceding voiced Kana character should be repeated. For example:
+    - ざゞ (zaza) for repeated "ざ" (za)
+- **ー (Chōonpu)**: This is a long vowel mark used in Katakana to indicate that the vowel sound should be extended. For example:
+	- カー (kā) for an extended "ka" sound.
+- **ヽ (Iteration Mark - Katakana)**: This is a smaller version of the Katakana iteration mark, used in vertical writing. For example:
+    - ツヽ (tsutsu) for repeated "ツ" (tsu).
+- **゛(Dakuten) and ゜(Handakuten)**: These are used to modify the sounds of Kana characters.
+- **Punctuation**: Includes marks like the Japanese comma (、), period (。), and quotation marks (「」)

japanese/Japanese Grammar.md

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+# Japanese Grammar
+Japanese grammar is the framework by which the Japanese language operates. It is known for its distinct characteristics that differ significantly from Indo-European languages. This document provides an overview of the basic elements of Japanese grammar, including sentence structure, particles, verb conjugation, and other fundamental aspects.
+
+## Sentence Structure
+Japanese typically follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, where the verb comes at the end of the sentence. This is different from the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure common in English.
+
+**Example:**
+- English: I eat sushi.
+- Japanese: 私は寿司を食べます。 (Watashi wa sushi o tabemasu.)
+
+In this example:
+- 私 (watashi) means "I"
+- は (wa) is the topic marker
+- 寿司 (sushi) means "sushi"
+- を (o) is the object marker
+- 食べます (tabemasu) means "eat"
+
+## Particles
+Particles, or 助詞 (joshi), are suffixes or short words that indicate the relationship of a word to the rest of the sentence. Here are some common particles:
+
+### Topic Marker: は (wa)
+Indicates the topic of the sentence.
+
+**Example:**
+- 猫はかわいいです。 (Neko wa kawaii desu.)
+- "Cats are cute."
+
+### Subject Marker: が (ga)
+Highlights the subject, often used to introduce new information.
+
+**Example:**
+- 猫がいます。 (Neko ga imasu.)
+- "There is a cat."
+
+### Object Marker: を (o)
+Marks the direct object of a verb.
+
+**Example:**
+- 本を読みます。 (Hon o yomimasu.)
+- "I read a book."
+
+### Direction/Location Marker: に (ni)
+Indicates the direction, place, or time.
+
+**Example:**
+- 学校に行きます。 (Gakkou ni ikimasu.)
+- "I go to school."
+
+### Location Marker: で (de)
+Indicates the place where an action occurs.
+
+**Example:**
+- 学校で勉強します。 (Gakkou de benkyou shimasu.)
+- "I study at school."
+
+## Verb Conjugation
+Japanese verbs are conjugated to indicate tense, mood, and politeness. There are two main verb types: **ichidan (ru-verbs)** and **godan (u-verbs)**. Here’s a brief overview:
+
+### Present/Future Tense
+#### Ichidan Verbs (ru-verbs)
+Drop る (ru) and add ます (masu) for the affirmative form.
+
+**Example:**
+- 食べる (taberu) -> 食べます (tabemasu)
+- "eat" -> "eat" (polite)
+
+#### Godan Verbs (u-verbs)
+Change the final -u to -i and add ます (masu).
+
+**Example:**
+- 飲む (nomu) -> 飲みます (nomimasu)
+- "drink" -> "drink" (polite)
+
+### Past Tense
+#### Ichidan Verbs
+Drop る (ru) and add ました (mashita).
+
+**Example:**
+- 食べる (taberu) -> 食べました (tabemashita)
+- "ate" (polite)
+
+#### Godan Verbs
+Change the final -u to -i and add ました (mashita).
+
+**Example:**
+- 飲む (nomu) -> 飲みました (nomimashita)
+- "drank" (polite)
+
+### Negative Form
+#### Ichidan Verbs
+Drop る (ru) and add ません (masen).
+
+**Example:**
+- 食べる (taberu) -> 食べません (tabemasen)
+- "do not eat" (polite)
+
+#### Godan Verbs
+Change the final -u to -i and add ません (masen).
+
+**Example:**
+- 飲む (nomu) -> 飲みません (nomimasen)
+- "do not drink" (polite)
+
+## Adjectives
+Japanese adjectives are categorized into two types: **い-adjectives (i-adjectives)** and **な-adjectives (na-adjectives)**.
+
+### い-Adjectives
+End in い (i) and can be conjugated to show tense and negativity.
+
+**Example:**
+- 高い (takai) -> 高くない (takakunai)
+- "tall" -> "not tall"
+
+### な-Adjectives
+End in な (na) when directly modifying a noun, and use です (desu) for politeness.
+
+**Example:**
+- 静かな (shizuka na) -> 静かです (shizuka desu)
+- "quiet" -> "is quiet" (polite)
+
+## Politeness Levels
+Japanese language has various levels of politeness, which are crucial in social interactions. The three main levels are:
+
+### Plain Form (Informal)
+Used among friends and family.
+
+**Example:**
+- 行く (iku) - "go"
+
+### Polite Form
+Used in most daily interactions to show respect.
+
+**Example:**
+- 行きます (ikimasu) - "go" (polite)
+
+### Honorific/Humble Form
+Used in formal settings or when showing a high level of respect.
+
+**Example:**
+- いらっしゃいます (irasshaimasu) - "go" (honorific)

japanese/Katakana.md

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+# Katakana
+
+## Introduction
+Katakana is one of the three scripts used in the Japanese writing system, alongside Hiragana and Kanji. Katakana is primarily used for foreign loanwords, onomatopoeia, technical and scientific terms, and the names of plants, animals, and minerals. It is also used for the names of companies and certain terms that need emphasis.
+
+## Katakana Chart
+#todo 
+
+## Additional Notes
+- Katakana characters can be modified with a small "ツ" (ツ) to represent a double consonant sound. For example, "カット" (katto) means "cut."
+- Long vowels in Katakana are indicated with a dash (ー). For example, "コーヒー" (kōhī) represents the long "o" and "i" sounds.