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technology/files/media/Codecs.md
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---
tags: ["meta"]
obj: meta/collection
---
# List of Codecs
## Video
- [H.264](video/H.264.md)
- [H.265](video/H.265.md)
- [VP9](video/VP9.md)
- [AV1](video/AV1.md)
## Audio
- [Opus](audio/Opus.md)
- [FLAC](audio/FLAC.md)
- [WAV](audio/WAV.md)
## Images
- [PNG](image/PNG.md)
- [AVIF](image/AVIF.md)

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technology/files/media/audio/Opus.md
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# Opus
Opus is a lossy audio coding format developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation and standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force, designed to efficiently code speech and general audio in a single format, while remaining low-latency enough for real-time interactive communication and low-complexity enough for low-end embedded processors. Opus replaces both Vorbis and Speex for new applications, and several blind listening tests have ranked it higher-quality than any other standard audio format at any given bitrate until transparency is reached, including MP3, AAC, and HE-AAC.
Opus combines the speech-oriented LPC-based SILK algorithm and the lower-latency MDCT-based CELT algorithm, switching between or combining them as needed for maximal efficiency. Bitrate, audio bandwidth, complexity, and algorithm can all be adjusted seamlessly in each frame. Opus has the low algorithmic delay (26.5 ms by default) necessary for use as part of a real-time communication link, networked music performances, and live lip sync; by trading-off quality or bitrate, the delay can be reduced down to 5 ms. Its delay is exceptionally low compared to competing [codecs](../Codecs.md), which require well over 100 ms, yet Opus performs very competitively with these formats in terms of quality per bitrate.
Opus combines the speech-oriented LPC-based SILK algorithm and the lower-latency MDCT-based CELT algorithm, switching between or combining them as needed for maximal efficiency. Bitrate, audio bandwidth, complexity, and algorithm can all be adjusted seamlessly in each frame. Opus has the low algorithmic delay (26.5 ms by default) necessary for use as part of a real-time communication link, networked music performances, and live lip sync; by trading-off quality or bitrate, the delay can be reduced down to 5 ms. Its delay is exceptionally low compared to competing codecs, which require well over 100 ms, yet Opus performs very competitively with these formats in terms of quality per bitrate.
As an open format standardized through RFC 6716, a reference implementation called libopus is available under the New BSD License. The reference has both fixed-point and floating-point optimizations for low- and high-end devices, with SIMD optimizations on platforms that support them. All known software patents that cover Opus are licensed under royalty-free terms. Opus is widely used as the voice-over-IP (VoIP) codec in applications such as Discord, WhatsApp, and the PlayStation 4.

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technology/files/media/video/AV1.md
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# AV1
#refactor -> add encoding options av1an,
AV1 is a royalty-free video codec designed to be an alternative to the widely used [H.264](H.264.md) and HEVC [codecs](../Codecs.md). It was developed by the Alliance for Open Media, a consortium of technology companies including Google, Mozilla, and Netflix.
#refactor -> add encoding options av1an
AV1 is a royalty-free video codec designed to be an alternative to the widely used [H.264](H.264.md) and HEVC codecs. It was developed by the Alliance for Open Media, a consortium of technology companies including Google, Mozilla, and Netflix.
Encoding can be done with [ffmpeg](../../../applications/media/ffmpeg.md) or av1an.
## Key Features
AV1 includes a range of features designed to provide high-quality video compression while remaining open and accessible to all users:
- High compression efficiency: AV1 is designed to provide high-quality video compression while using less bandwidth than other [codecs](../Codecs.md). This makes it ideal for streaming video over the internet.
- High compression efficiency: AV1 is designed to provide high-quality video compression while using less bandwidth than other codecs. This makes it ideal for streaming video over the internet.
- Scalable video technology: AV1 includes scalable video technology that allows it to adjust the quality of video based on available bandwidth. This ensures that users always receive the best possible video quality for their network connection.
- Royalty-free: Unlike other [codecs](../Codecs.md), AV1 is completely royalty-free. This means that anyone can use it without having to pay fees or royalties.
- Royalty-free: Unlike other codecs, AV1 is completely royalty-free. This means that anyone can use it without having to pay fees or royalties.
- Wide range of applications: AV1 is suitable for a wide range of applications, including live streaming, video-on-demand services, and video conferencing.
- Open and accessible: AV1 is an open standard, meaning that anyone can use it and contribute to its development. This makes it accessible to users of all skill levels.
## Advantages
AV1 offers a number of advantages over other video [codecs](../Codecs.md):
- Higher quality video: AV1 provides higher quality video than other [codecs](../Codecs.md), even at lower bitrates.
- More efficient compression: AV1 provides more efficient compression than other [codecs](../Codecs.md), allowing for faster download and upload times.
- Better streaming performance: AV1 is designed for streaming video over the internet, and provides better streaming performance than other [codecs](../Codecs.md).
AV1 offers a number of advantages over other video codecs:
- Higher quality video: AV1 provides higher quality video than other codecs, even at lower bitrates.
- More efficient compression: AV1 provides more efficient compression than other codecs, allowing for faster download and upload times.
- Better streaming performance: AV1 is designed for streaming video over the internet, and provides better streaming performance than other codecs.
- Wide compatibility: AV1 is compatible with a wide range of devices and platforms, including desktop and mobile devices.