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technology/applications/web/nginx.md

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+---
+obj: application
+website: https://nginx.org
+repo: https://hg.nginx.org/nginx
+---
+# nginx
+Nginx is a powerful open-source web server and reverse proxy server. It is widely used for serving static content, handling dynamic content through various modules, and acting as a load balancer.
+
+## Docker Compose
+```yml
+version: '3'
+
+services:
+  nginx:
+    image: nginx:latest
+    ports:
+      - "80:80"
+    volumes:
+      - ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
+      - ./nginx-custom.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/custom.conf:ro
+    restart: always
+```
+
+## Configuration
+Nginx's configuration is defined in the `/etc/nginx/nginx.conf` file.
+
+### Server Blocks (Virtual Hosts)
+Nginx uses server blocks to define different virtual hosts. Each server block can have its own configuration, allowing Nginx to serve multiple websites on the same server.
+
+Example of a basic server block:
+```nginx
+server {
+    listen 80;
+    listen 443 ssl;
+
+    ssl_certificate     certs/example.com.crt;
+    ssl_certificate_key certs/example.com.key;
+
+    server_name example.com www.example.com;
+
+    location / {
+        root /var/www/example;
+        index index.html;
+    }
+
+    # Additional configuration can go here
+}
+```
+
+In this example:
+- `listen`: Specifies the port on which Nginx will listen for incoming requests.
+- `server_name`: Defines the [domain](../../internet/Domain.md) names for this server block.
+- `location`: Configures how Nginx processes requests for the specified location.
+
+### Locations
+The location directive is used to configure how Nginx handles different types of requests. It can be used for [URL](../../internet/URL.md) matching, proxying, and more.
+
+Example of a location block:
+```nginx
+location /images/ {
+    alias /var/www/example/images/;
+    expires 30d;
+    add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=2592000";
+}
+```
+
+In this example:
+- `alias`: Maps a location to a filesystem path.
+- `expires`: Sets the cache expiration for the specified location.
+- `add_header`: Adds custom [HTTP](../../internet/HTTP.md) headers to the response.
+
+### Reverse Proxy
+Nginx can act as a reverse proxy to forward requests to other servers.
+
+Example of a reverse proxy configuration:
+```nginx
+location /app/ {
+    proxy_pass http://backend-server;
+    proxy_set_header Host $host;
+    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+}
+```
+
+In this example:
+- `proxy_pass`: Specifies the backend server's address.
+- `proxy_set_header`: Sets custom headers for the proxy request.