remove non ascii whitespaces
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117 changed files with 1928 additions and 1928 deletions
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@ -3,26 +3,26 @@ arch-wiki: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/desktop_entries
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obj: concept
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---
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# Desktop Entry
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The [XDG Desktop Entry specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html) defines a standard for applications to integrate into application menus of desktop environments implementing the [XDG Desktop Menu](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/menu-spec/menu-spec-latest.html) specification.
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The [XDG Desktop Entry specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html) defines a standard for applications to integrate into application menus of desktop environments implementing the [XDG Desktop Menu](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/menu-spec/menu-spec-latest.html) specification.
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## Basics
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Each desktop entry must have a `Type` and a `Name` key and can optionally define its appearance in the application menu.
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Each desktop entry must have a `Type` and a `Name` key and can optionally define its appearance in the application menu.
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The three available types are:
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### Application
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Defines how to launch an application and what MIME types it supports (used by XDG MIME Applications. With XDG Autostart Application entries can be started automatically by placing them in specific directories. Application entries use the `.desktop` file extension.
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Defines how to launch an application and what MIME types it supports (used by XDG MIME Applications. With XDG Autostart Application entries can be started automatically by placing them in specific directories. Application entries use the `.desktop` file extension.
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### Link
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Defines a shortcut to a `URL`. Link entries use the `.desktop` file extension.
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Defines a shortcut to a `URL`. Link entries use the `.desktop` file extension.
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### Directory
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Defines the appearance of a submenu in the application menu. Directory entries use the `.directory` file extension.
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Defines the appearance of a submenu in the application menu. Directory entries use the `.directory` file extension.
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## Application entry
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Desktop entries for applications, or `.desktop` files, are generally a combination of meta information resources and a shortcut of an application. These files usually reside in `/usr/share/applications/` or `/usr/local/share/applications/` for applications installed system-wide, or `~/.local/share/applications/` for user-specific applications. User entries take precedence over system entries.
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Desktop entries for applications, or `.desktop` files, are generally a combination of meta information resources and a shortcut of an application. These files usually reside in `/usr/share/applications/` or `/usr/local/share/applications/` for applications installed system-wide, or `~/.local/share/applications/` for user-specific applications. User entries take precedence over system entries.
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### File example
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Following is an example of its structure with additional comments. The example is only meant to give a quick impression, and does not show how to utilize all possible entry keys. The complete list of keys can be found in the [freedesktop specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#recognized-keys).
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Following is an example of its structure with additional comments. The example is only meant to give a quick impression, and does not show how to utilize all possible entry keys. The complete list of keys can be found in the [freedesktop specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#recognized-keys).
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```ini
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[Desktop Entry]
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@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ A JSON Pointer is a string of tokens separated by `/` characters, these tokens e
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}
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```
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`/biscuits` would point to the array of biscuits and `/biscuits/1/name` would point to `"Choco Leibniz"`.
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`/biscuits` would point to the array of biscuits and `/biscuits/1/name` would point to `"Choco Leibniz"`.
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To point to the root of the document use an empty string for the pointer. The pointer `/` doesn’t point to the root, it points to a key of `""` on the root (which is totally valid in [JSON](../files/JSON.md)).
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To point to the root of the document use an empty string for the pointer. The pointer `/` doesn’t point to the root, it points to a key of `""` on the root (which is totally valid in [JSON](../files/JSON.md)).
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If you need to refer to a key with `~` or `/` in its name, you must escape the characters with `~0` and `~1` respectively. For example, to get `"baz"` from `{ "foo/bar~": "baz" }` you’d use the pointer `/foo~1bar~0`.
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If you need to refer to a key with `~` or `/` in its name, you must escape the characters with `~0` and `~1` respectively. For example, to get `"baz"` from `{ "foo/bar~": "baz" }` you’d use the pointer `/foo~1bar~0`.
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Finally, if you need to refer to the end of an array you can use `-` instead of an index. For example, to refer to the end of the array of biscuits above you would use `/biscuits/-`. This is useful when you need to insert a value at the end of an array.
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Finally, if you need to refer to the end of an array you can use `-` instead of an index. For example, to refer to the end of the array of biscuits above you would use `/biscuits/-`. This is useful when you need to insert a value at the end of an array.
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@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ A list of supported MIME Types can be found at `/etc/mime.types`
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## Naming
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A media type consists of a _type_ and a _subtype_, which is further structured into a _tree_. A media type can optionally define a _suffix_ and _parameters_:
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A media type consists of a _type_ and a _subtype_, which is further structured into a _tree_. A media type can optionally define a _suffix_ and _parameters_:
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`type "/" [tree "."] subtype ["+" suffix]* [";" parameter]`
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As of November 1996, the registered types were: `application`, `audio`, `image`, `message`, `multipart`, `text` and `video`. By December 2020, the registered types included the foregoing, plus `font`, `example`, and `model`.
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As of November 1996, the registered types were: `application`, `audio`, `image`, `message`, `multipart`, `text` and `video`. By December 2020, the registered types included the foregoing, plus `font`, `example`, and `model`.
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An unofficial top-level name in common use is `chemical`.
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An unofficial top-level name in common use is `chemical`.
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As an example, an [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) file might be designated `text/html; charset=UTF-8`. In this example, `text` is the type, `html` is the subtype, and `charset=UTF-8` is an optional parameter indicating the character encoding.
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As an example, an [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) file might be designated `text/html; charset=UTF-8`. In this example, `text` is the type, `html` is the subtype, and `charset=UTF-8` is an optional parameter indicating the character encoding.
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A subtype typically consists of a media format, but it may or must also contain other content, such as a tree prefix, producer, product or suffix, according to the different rules in registration trees.
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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Types, subtypes, and parameter names are case-insensitive. Parameter values are
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| application/x-tar | tar | [TAR](../applications/cli/compression/tar.md) |
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| application/x-xz | xz | XZ Compression |
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| application/msgpack | - | [MessagePack](MessagePack.md) |
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| application/toml | .toml | [TOML](TOML.md) |
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| application/toml | .toml | [TOML](TOML.md) |
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### Audio
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| MIME Type | Extensions | Description |
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Markdown is a lightweight markup language that provides a simple and human-reada
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# Syntax
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## Basic Syntax
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### Headings
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To create a heading, add number signs (`#`) in front of a word or phrase. The number of number signs you use should correspond to the heading level. For example, to create a heading level three (`<h3>`), use three number signs (e.g., `### My Header`).
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To create a heading, add number signs (`#`) in front of a word or phrase. The number of number signs you use should correspond to the heading level. For example, to create a heading level three (`<h3>`), use three number signs (e.g., `### My Header`).
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```markdown
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# Heading 1
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## Heading 2
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@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ To emphasize text with bold and italics at the same time, add three asterisks or
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```
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### Blockquote
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To create a blockquote, add a `>` in front of a paragraph.
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To create a blockquote, add a `>` in front of a paragraph.
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```markdown
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> My blockquote
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```
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Blockquotes can be nested. Add a `>>` in front of the paragraph you want to nest.
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Blockquotes can be nested. Add a `>>` in front of the paragraph you want to nest.
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Blockquotes can contain other Markdown formatted elements. Not all elements can be used — you’ll need to experiment to see which ones work.
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@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ At the command prompt, type `nano`.
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To create a horizontal rule, use three or more asterisks (`***`), dashes (`---`), or underscores (`___`) on a line by themselves.
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### Links
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To create a link, enclose the link text in brackets (e.g., `[Duck Duck Go]`) and then follow it immediately with the [URL](../internet/URL.md) in parentheses (e.g., `(https://duckduckgo.com)`).
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To create a link, enclose the link text in brackets (e.g., `[Duck Duck Go]`) and then follow it immediately with the [URL](../internet/URL.md) in parentheses (e.g., `(https://duckduckgo.com)`).
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```markdown
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My favorite search engine is [Duck Duck Go](https://duckduckgo.com).
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```
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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Reference-style links are a special kind of link that make URLs easier to displa
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The first part of a reference-style link is formatted with two sets of brackets. The first set of brackets surrounds the text that should appear linked. The second set of brackets displays a label used to point to the link you’re storing elsewhere in your document.
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The second part of a reference-style link is formatted with the following attributes:
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1. The label, in brackets, followed immediately by a colon and at least one space (e.g., `[label]:` ).
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1. The label, in brackets, followed immediately by a colon and at least one space (e.g., `[label]:` ).
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2. The [URL](../internet/URL.md) for the link, which you can optionally enclose in angle brackets.
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3. The optional title for the link, which you can enclose in double quotes, single quotes, or parentheses.
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@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ You can use a backslash to escape the following characters.
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| \| | pipe |
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### HTML
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Many Markdown applications allow you to use [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tags in Markdown-formatted text. This is helpful if you prefer certain [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tags to Markdown syntax. For example, some people find it easier to use [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tags for images. Using [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) is also helpful when you need to change the attributes of an element, like specifying the color of text or changing the width of an image.
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Many Markdown applications allow you to use [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tags in Markdown-formatted text. This is helpful if you prefer certain [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tags to Markdown syntax. For example, some people find it easier to use [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tags for images. Using [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) is also helpful when you need to change the attributes of an element, like specifying the color of text or changing the width of an image.
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## Extented Syntax
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### Tables
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@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ To add a table, use three or more hyphens (`---`) to create each column’s head
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```
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### Fenced Code Blocks
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To create code blocks use three backticks at the start and end of the code block (` ``` ``` `).
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To create code blocks use three backticks at the start and end of the code block (` ``` ``` `).
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Many Markdown processors support syntax highlighting for fenced code blocks. This feature allows you to add color highlighting for whatever language your code was written in. To add syntax highlighting, specify a language directly after the backticks on the first line of the fenced code block.
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@ -174,10 +174,10 @@ You can link to headings with custom IDs in the file by creating a standard link
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| `[Heading IDs](#heading-ids)` | `<a href="#heading-ids">Heading IDs</a>` |
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### Strikethrough
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You can strikethrough words by putting a horizontal line through the center of them. The result looks ~~like this~~. This feature allows you to indicate that certain words are a mistake not meant for inclusion in the document. To strikethrough words, use two tilde symbols (`~~`) before and after the words.
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You can strikethrough words by putting a horizontal line through the center of them. The result looks ~~like this~~. This feature allows you to indicate that certain words are a mistake not meant for inclusion in the document. To strikethrough words, use two tilde symbols (`~~`) before and after the words.
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### Task Lists
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Task lists (also referred to as _checklists_ and _todo_ lists) allow you to create a list of items with checkboxes. In Markdown applications that support task lists, checkboxes will be displayed next to the content. To create a task list, add dashes (`-`) and brackets with a space (`[ ]`) in front of task list items. To select a checkbox, add an `x` in between the brackets (`[x]`).
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Task lists (also referred to as _checklists_ and _todo_ lists) allow you to create a list of items with checkboxes. In Markdown applications that support task lists, checkboxes will be displayed next to the content. To create a task list, add dashes (`-`) and brackets with a space (`[ ]`) in front of task list items. To select a checkbox, add an `x` in between the brackets (`[x]`).
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```markdown
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- [x] Write the press release
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@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Task lists (also referred to as _checklists_ and _todo_ lists) allow you to
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```
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### Highlight
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This isn’t common, but some Markdown processors allow you to highlight text. The result looks ==like this==. To highlight words, use two equal signs (`==`) before and after the words.
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This isn’t common, but some Markdown processors allow you to highlight text. The result looks ==like this==. To highlight words, use two equal signs (`==`) before and after the words.
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```markdown
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I need to highlight these ==very important words==.
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```
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@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ Markdown doesn’t allow you to change the color of text, so again we need [HTML
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```
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### Comments
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Some people need the ability to write sentences in their Markdown files that _will not_ appear in the rendered output. These comments are essentially hidden text. The text is viewable by the author of the document, but it’s not printed on the webpage or [PDF](PDF.md). Markdown doesn’t natively support comments, but several enterprising individuals have devised a solution.
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Some people need the ability to write sentences in their Markdown files that _will not_ appear in the rendered output. These comments are essentially hidden text. The text is viewable by the author of the document, but it’s not printed on the webpage or [PDF](PDF.md). Markdown doesn’t natively support comments, but several enterprising individuals have devised a solution.
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To add a comment, place text inside brackets followed by a colon, a space, and a pound sign (e.g., `[comment]: #`). You should put blank lines before and after a comment.
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To add a comment, place text inside brackets followed by a colon, a space, and a pound sign (e.g., `[comment]: #`). You should put blank lines before and after a comment.
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```markdown
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Here's a paragraph that will be visible.
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@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ And here's another paragraph that's visible.
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```
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### Image Size
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The Markdown syntax for images doesn’t allow you to specify the width and height of images. If you need to resize an image and your Markdown processor supports [HTML](../internet/HTML.md), you can use the `img` [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tag with the `width` and `height` attributes to set the dimensions of an image in pixels.
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The Markdown syntax for images doesn’t allow you to specify the width and height of images. If you need to resize an image and your Markdown processor supports [HTML](../internet/HTML.md), you can use the `img` [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tag with the `width` and `height` attributes to set the dimensions of an image in pixels.
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```html
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<img src="image.png" width="200" height="100">
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```
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@ -226,22 +226,22 @@ The Markdown syntax for images doesn’t allow you to specify the width and he
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### Symbols
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Markdown doesn’t provide special syntax for symbols. However, in most cases, you can copy and paste whatever symbol you want to use into your Markdown document. For example, if you need to display Pi (π), just find the symbol on a webpage and copy and paste it into your document. The symbol should appear as expected in the rendered output.
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Alternatively, if your Markdown application supports [HTML](../internet/HTML.md), you can use the [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) entity for whatever symbol you want to use. For example, if you want to display the copyright sign (©), you can copy and paste the [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) entity for copyright (`©`) into your Markdown document.
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Alternatively, if your Markdown application supports [HTML](../internet/HTML.md), you can use the [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) entity for whatever symbol you want to use. For example, if you want to display the copyright sign (©), you can copy and paste the [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) entity for copyright (`©`) into your Markdown document.
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Here’s a partial list of [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) entities for symbols:
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- Copyright (©) — `©`
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- Registered trademark (®) — `®`
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- Trademark (™) — `™`
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- Euro (€) — `€`
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- Left arrow (←) — `←`
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- Up arrow (↑) — `↑`
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- Right arrow (→) — `→`
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- Down arrow (↓) — `↓`
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- Degree (°) — `°`
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- Pi (π) — `π`
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- Copyright (©) — `©`
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- Registered trademark (®) — `®`
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- Trademark (™) — `™`
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- Euro (€) — `€`
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- Left arrow (←) — `←`
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- Up arrow (↑) — `↑`
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- Right arrow (→) — `→`
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- Down arrow (↓) — `↓`
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- Degree (°) — `°`
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- Pi (π) — `π`
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### Line Breaks Within Table Cells
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You can separate paragraphs within a table cell by using one or more `<br>` [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tags.
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You can separate paragraphs within a table cell by using one or more `<br>` [HTML](../internet/HTML.md) tags.
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## Frontmatter
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Frontmatter allows you to add structured metadata to your markdown files. Add a [YAML](YAML.md) document embedded in a three-dotted block at the top of your file.
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## Features
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**_Matroska_** is designed with the future in mind. It incorporates features you would expect from a modern container format, like:
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**_Matroska_** is designed with the future in mind. It incorporates features you would expect from a modern container format, like:
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- Fast seeking in the file
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- Chapter entries
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- Full metadata (tags) support
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## What file extensions does Matroska use?
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- `.mkv`: Used for files that contain at least one video track (usually with at least one audio track and optionally with subtitle tracks). This is the most commonly used extension.
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- `.mka`: Used for audio only files, can contain any supported audio compression format, such as MP2, MP3, Vorbis, AAC, AC3, DTS, or PCM
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- `.mk3d`: A special case of `.mkv` containing stereoscopic (3D) video
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- `.mk3d`: A special case of `.mkv` containing stereoscopic (3D) video
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- `.mks`: Used for files that only contain subtitles
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@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ AV1 Image File Format (AVIF) is an open, royalty-free image file format specific
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| Name | Value |
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| ------------------- | ------------ |
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| Filename extension | .avif |
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| Internet media type | `image/avif` |
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| Internet media type | `image/avif` |
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## Features
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The AV1 Image File Format supports:
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- Multiple color spaces, including:
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- HDR (with PQ or HLG transfer functions and BT.2020 color primaries, as part of BT.2100)
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- SDR (with sRGB/ BT.709 / BT.601 or with wide color gamut
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- Color space signaling via CICP (ITU-T H.273 and ISO/IEC 23091-2) or ICC profiles
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- Lossless compression and lossy compression
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- 8-, 10-, and 12-bit color depths
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- Multiple color spaces, including:
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- HDR (with PQ or HLG transfer functions and BT.2020 color primaries, as part of BT.2100)
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- SDR (with sRGB/ BT.709 / BT.601 or with wide color gamut
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- Color space signaling via CICP (ITU-T H.273 and ISO/IEC 23091-2) or ICC profiles
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- Lossless compression and lossy compression
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- 8-, 10-, and 12-bit color depths
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- Monochrome (alpha/depth) or multi-components
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- 4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4 chroma subsampling and RGB
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- Film grain synthesis
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- 4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4 chroma subsampling and RGB
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- Film grain synthesis
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- Image sequences/animation
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## Usage
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