jmarya/knowledge
jmarya/knowledge
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity

restructure

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
JMARyA 2024-01-17 09:00:45 +01:00
parent ef7661245b
commit 598a10bc28
Signed by: jmarya
GPG key ID: 901B2ADDF27C2263
182 changed files with 342 additions and 336 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

20
technology/applications/media/MKVToolnix.md
View file

@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ flatpak-id: org.bunkus.mkvtoolnix-gui
---
# MKVToolnix
MKVToolNix is a set of tools to create, alter and inspect [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) files under [Linux](../../linux/Linux.md), other Unixes and [Windows](../../windows/Windows.md).
MKVToolNix is a set of tools to create, alter and inspect [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) files under [Linux](../../linux/Linux.md), other Unixes and [Windows](../../windows/Windows.md).
## MKVToolnix-GUI
MKVToolnix has a GUI for remuxing and getting information about [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) files. Most of the tasks can also be done with the command line (See below).
MKVToolnix has a GUI for remuxing and getting information about [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) files. Most of the tasks can also be done with the command line (See below).
![Screenshot][Screenshot]
## mkvmerge
This program takes the input from several media files and joins their streams (all of them or just a selection) into a [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) file.
This program takes the input from several media files and joins their streams (all of them or just a selection) into a [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) file.
Usage: `mkvmerge [global options] {-o out} [options1] {file1} [[options2] {file2}] [@options-file.json]`
Instead of specifying the options on the command line, you can put them in a [JSON](../../files/JSON.md) file and use it with `mkvmerge @options-file.json`. The file is an array of options.
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ CHAPTER03NAME=Alice rocks the house
| `--attachment-description description` | Plain text description of the following attachment. Applies to the next `--attach-file` or `--attach-file-once` option. |
| `--attachment-mime-type MIME type` | [MIME](../../files/MIME.md) type of the following attachment. |
| `--attachment-name name` | Sets the name that will be stored in the output file for this attachment. |
| `--attach-file file-name, --attach-file-once file-name` | Creates a file attachment inside the [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) file. The [MIME](../../files/MIME.md) type must have been set before this option can used. |
| `--attach-file file-name, --attach-file-once file-name` | Creates a file attachment inside the [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) file. The [MIME](../../files/MIME.md) type must have been set before this option can used. |
#### Input File Options
| Option | Description |
@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ CHAPTER03NAME=Alice rocks the house
#### Video Input File Options
| Option | Description |
| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `--display-dimensions TID:widthxheight` | [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) files contain two values that set the display properties that a player should scale the image on playback to: display width and display height. These values can be set with this option, e.g. `1:640x480`. |
| `--aspect-ratio TID:ratio/(width/height)` | [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) files contain two values that set the display properties that a player should scale the image on playback to: display width and display height. With this option mkvmerge will automatically calculate the display width and display height based on the image's original width and height and the aspect ratio given with this option. The ratio can be given either as a floating point number `ratio` or as a fraction `width/height`, e.g. `16/9`. |
| `--display-dimensions TID:widthxheight` | [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) files contain two values that set the display properties that a player should scale the image on playback to: display width and display height. These values can be set with this option, e.g. `1:640x480`. |
| `--aspect-ratio TID:ratio/(width/height)` | [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) files contain two values that set the display properties that a player should scale the image on playback to: display width and display height. With this option mkvmerge will automatically calculate the display width and display height based on the image's original width and height and the aspect ratio given with this option. The ratio can be given either as a floating point number `ratio` or as a fraction `width/height`, e.g. `16/9`. |
#### Other Options
| Option | Description |
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ CHAPTER03NAME=Alice rocks the house
| `--list-languages` | Lists all languages and their ISO 639-2 code which can be used with the `--language` option. |
## mkvinfo
This program lists all elements contained in a [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md). The output can be limited to a list of tracks in the file including information about the [codecs](../../media/Codecs.md) used.
This program lists all elements contained in a [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md). The output can be limited to a list of tracks in the file including information about the [codecs](../../files/media/Codecs.md) used.
Usage: `mkvinfo [options] {source-filename}`
### Options
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Usage: `mkvinfo [options] {source-filename}`
| `-z, --size` | Show the size of each element including its header. |
## mkvextract
This program extracts specific parts from a [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) file to other useful formats. The first argument is the name of the source file which must be a [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) file.
This program extracts specific parts from a [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) file to other useful formats. The first argument is the name of the source file which must be a [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) file.
Usage: `mkvextract {source-filename} {mode1} [options] [extraction-spec1] [mode2] [options] [extraction-spec2] […]`
### Extract Tracks
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Usage: `mkvextract source-filename chapters [options] output-filename.xml`
Usage: `mkvextract source-filename tags [options] output-filename.xml`
## mkvpropedit
This program analyses an existing [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) file and modifies some of its properties. Then it writes those modifications to the existing file. Among the properties that can be changed are the segment information elements (e.g. the title) and the track headers (e.g. the language code, 'default track' flag or the name).
This program analyses an existing [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) file and modifies some of its properties. Then it writes those modifications to the existing file. Among the properties that can be changed are the segment information elements (e.g. the title) and the track headers (e.g. the language code, 'default track' flag or the name).
Usage: `mkvpropedit [options] {source-filename} {actions} `
### Options
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Usage: `mkvpropedit [options] {source-filename} {actions} `
#### Track and segment info properties:
| Option | Description |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `-e, --edit selector` | Sets the [Matroska](../../media/Matroska.md) file section (segment information or a certain track's headers) that all following add, set and delete actions operate on. This option can be used multiple times in order to make modifications to more than one element.<br>This stays valid until the next `--edit` option is found<br>`selector` has the `track:n` format. |
| `-e, --edit selector` | Sets the [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) file section (segment information or a certain track's headers) that all following add, set and delete actions operate on. This option can be used multiple times in order to make modifications to more than one element.<br>This stays valid until the next `--edit` option is found<br>`selector` has the `track:n` format. |
| `-a, --add name=value` | Adds a property `name` with the value `value`. The property will be added even if such a property exists already. Note that most properties are unique and cannot occur more than once. |
| `-s, --set name=value` | Sets all occurrences of the property `name` to the value `value`. If no such property exists then it will be added. |
| `-d, --delete name` | Deletes all occurrences of the property `name`. Note that some properties are required and cannot be deleted. |

10
technology/applications/media/MPV.md
View file

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ website: https://mpv.io
flatpak-id: io.mpv.Mpv
---
# MPV
mpv is a based media player. It supports a wide variety of video [file formats](../../files/File%20Formats.md), audio and video [codecs](../../media/Codecs.md), and subtitle types. Special input [URL](../../internet/URL.md) types are available to read input from a variety of sources other than disk files. Depending on platform, a variety of different video and audio output methods are supported.
mpv is a based media player. It supports a wide variety of video [file formats](../../files/File%20Formats.md), audio and video [codecs](../../files/media/Codecs.md), and subtitle types. Special input [URL](../../internet/URL.md) types are available to read input from a variety of sources other than disk files. Depending on platform, a variety of different video and audio output methods are supported.
## Usage
Usage: `mpv [options] [file|URL|PLAYLIST|-]`
@ -280,12 +280,12 @@ Usage: `mpv [options] [file|URL|PLAYLIST|-]`
Set the image file type used for saving screenshots.
Available choices:
- `png`: [PNG](../../media/image/PNG.md)
- `png`: [PNG](../../files/media/image/PNG.md)
- `jpg`: JPEG (default)
- `jpeg`: JPEG (alias for jpg)
- `webp`: WebP
- `jxl`: JPEG XL
- `avif`: [AVIF](../../media/image/AVIF.md)
- `avif`: [AVIF](../../files/media/image/AVIF.md)
- `--screenshot-template=<template>`
Specify the filename template used to save screenshots. The template specifies the filename without file extension, and can contain format specifiers, which will be substituted when taking a screenshot. By default, the template is `mpv-shot%n`, which results in filenames like `mpv-shot0012.png` for example.
@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ You can encode files from one format/codec to another using this facility. This
- `--of=<format>`
Specifies the output format (overrides autodetection by the file name extension of the file specified by `-o`). See `--of=help` for a full list of supported formats.
- `--oac=<codec>`
Specifies the output audio codec. See `--oac=help` for a full list of supported [codecs](../../media/Codecs.md).
Specifies the output audio codec. See `--oac=help` for a full list of supported [codecs](../../files/media/Codecs.md).
- `--oacopts=<options>`
Specifies the output audio codec options for libavcodec. See `--oacopts=help` for a full list of supported options.
Example:
@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ You can encode files from one format/codec to another using this facility. This
--oac=libmp3lame --oacopts=b=128000
```
- `--ovc=<codec>`
Specifies the output video codec. See `--ovc=help` for a full list of supported [codecs](../../media/Codecs.md).
Specifies the output video codec. See `--ovc=help` for a full list of supported [codecs](../../files/media/Codecs.md).
- `--ovcopts=<options>`
Specifies the output video codec options for libavcodec. See `--ovcopts=help` for a full list of supported options.

4
technology/applications/media/Natron.md
View file

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ website: https://natrongithub.github.io/
flatpak-id: fr.natron.Natron
---
# Natron
#🐇 #notnow
#🐇 #wip
Natron is a powerful Digital Compositor that can handle all of your 2D/2.5D needs. Its robust OIIO file formats and OpenFX architecture is what make Natron the most flexible open source compositor for the visual effects community. Its interface and functionally are the same across all platforms such as [macOS](../../macos/macOS.md), [Linux](../../linux/Linux.md) and [Windows](../../windows/Windows.md). Natron has a powerful keying, roto/rotopaint, 2D tracking tools that are staple for all current film production project that requires visual effects.
![Screenshot][Screenshot]
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Natron is a powerful Digital Compositor that can handle all of your 2D/2.5D need
- **Performances:**  Never wait for anything to be rendered, in Natron anything you do produces real-time feedback thanks to its optimized multi-threaded rendering pipeline and its support for proxy rendering (i.e: the render pipeline can be computed at lower res to speed-up rendering).
- **Multi-task**: Natron can render multiple graphs at the same time and make use of 100% of the compute power of your CPU.
- **Network rendering**: Natron can be used as a command-line tool and can be integrated on a render farm manager such as [Afanasy](http://cgru.info/home).
- **NatronRenderer:** A command line tool for execution of project files and [python](../../programming/languages/Python.md) scripts. The command line version is executable from [ssh](../SSH.md) on a computer without any display.
- **NatronRenderer:** A command line tool for execution of project files and [python](../../dev/programming/languages/Python.md) scripts. The command line version is executable from [ssh](../network/SSH.md) on a computer without any display.
- **Fast & interactive Viewer** – Smooth & accurate  zooming/panning even for very large image sizes (tested on 27k x 30k images).
- **Real-time playback**: Natron offers  a real-time playback with thanks to its RAM/Disk cache technology. Once a frame is rendered, it can be reproduced instantly afterwards, even for large image sizes.
- **Low hardware requirements:** All you need is an x86 64 bits or 32 bits processor, at least 3 GB of RAM and a graphic card that supports OpenGL 1.5+ with some extensions.

7
technology/applications/media/Steam.md
View file

@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
---
obj: application
flatpak-id: com.valvesoftware.Steam
website: https://store.steampowered.com/
---
# Steam
Steam is a video game digital distribution service and storefront developed by Valve Corporation. It was launched as a software client in September 2003 to provide game updates automatically for Valve's games, and expanded to distributing third-party titles in late 2005. Steam offers various features, like game server matchmaking with Valve Anti-Cheat measures, social networking, and game streaming services. Steam client's functions include game update automation, cloud storage for game progress, and community features such as direct messaging, in-game overlay functions and a virtual collectable marketplace.

227
technology/applications/media/ffmpeg.md Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
---
website: https://ffmpeg.org/
repo: https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg
obj: application
---
# ffmpeg
FFmpeg is a free and open-source software project consisting of a suite of libraries and programs for handling video, audio, and other multimedia files and streams. At its core is the command-line ffmpeg tool itself, designed for processing of video and audio files. It is widely used for format transcoding, basic editing (trimming and concatenation), video scaling, video post-production effects and standards compliance (SMPTE, ITU).
FFmpeg also includes other tools: `ffplay`, a simple media player and `ffprobe`, a command-line tool to display media information. Among included libraries are libavcodec, an audio/video codec library used by many commercial and free software products, libavformat (Lavf), an audio/video container mux and demux library, and libavfilter, a library for enhancing and editing filters through a Gstreamer-like filtergraph.
FFmpeg is part of the workflow of many other software projects, and its libraries are a core part of software media players such as VLC, and has been included in core processing for [YouTube](../../internet/websites/clearnet/YouTube.md) and Bilibili. Encoders and decoders for many audio and video [file formats](../../files/File%20Formats.md) are included, making it highly useful for the transcoding of common and uncommon media files.
**Example:**
```shell
ffmpeg -i INPUT.mp4 OUTPUT.mkv
```
## Usage
Usage: `ffmpeg [global_options] {[input_file_options] -i input_url} ... {[output_file_options] output_url} ... `
### Options
| Option | Description |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `-i [input]` | Input a file |
| `-map [input]:[stream]` | Map input streams |
| `-c:[stream]:[input], -codec:[stream]:[input] [codec]` | Specify codec. If `codec` is `copy` stream will not be reencoded. |
| `-t duration (input/output)` | When used as an input option (before `-i`), limit the duration of data read from the input file. |
| `-to position (input/output)` | Stop writing the output or reading the input at position. |
| `-ss position (input/output)` | When used as an input option (before `-i`), seeks in this input file to position. Note that in most formats it is not possible to seek exactly, so ffmpeg will seek to the closest seek point before position. |
| `-sseof position (input)` | Like the `-ss` option but relative to the "end of file". That is negative values are earlier in the file, 0 is at EOF. |
| `-itsoffset offset (input)` | Set the input time offset.<br>offset must be a time duration specification.<br>The offset is added to the timestamps of the input files. Specifying a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are delayed by the time duration specified in offset. |
| `-itsscale scale (input,per-stream)` | Rescale input timestamps. scale should be a floating point number. |
| `-timestamp date (output)` | Set the recording timestamp in the container.<br>date must be a date specification. |
| `-metadata[:metadata_specifier] key=value (output,per-metadata)` | Set a metadata key/value pair.<br>An optional metadata_specifier may be given to set metadata on streams, chapters or programs.<br>This option overrides metadata set with `-map_metadata`. It is also possible to delete metadata by using an empty value.<br>For example, for setting the title in the output file: `ffmpeg -i in.avi -metadata title="my title" out.flv`<br>To set the language of the first audio stream: `ffmpeg -i INPUT -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng OUTPUT` |
| `-filter[:stream_specifier] filtergraph (output,per-stream)` | Create the filtergraph specified by filtergraph and use it to filter the stream. |
| `-frames[:stream_specifier] framecount (output,per-stream)` | Stop writing to the stream after framecount frames. |
| `-q[:stream_specifier] q (output,per-stream), -qscale[:stream_specifier] q (output,per-stream)` | Use fixed quality scale (VBR). The meaning of q/qscale is codec-dependent. If qscale is used without a stream_specifier then it applies only to the video stream, this is to maintain compatibility with previous behavior and as specifying the same codec specific value to 2 different [codecs](../../files/media/Codecs.md) that is audio and video generally is not what is intended when no stream_specifier is used. |
| `-attach filename (output)` | Add an attachment to the output file. This is supported by a few formats like [Matroska](../../files/media/Matroska.md) for e.g. fonts used in rendering subtitles. Attachments are implemented as a specific type of stream, so this option will add a new stream to the file. It is then possible to use per-stream options on this stream in the usual way. Attachment streams created with this option will be created after all the other streams (i.e. those created with `-map`or automatic mappings). <br>Note that for Matroska you also have to set the mimetype metadata tag: `ffmpeg -i INPUT -attach DejaVuSans.ttf -metadata:s:2 mimetype=application/x-truetype-font out.mkv` |
| `-dump_attachment[:stream_specifier] filename (input,per-stream)` | Extract the matching attachment stream into a file named filename. If filename is empty, then the value of the filename metadata tag will be used. <br>E.g. to extract the first attachment to a file named ’out.ttf’: `ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t:0 out.ttf -i INPUT`<br>To extract all attachments to files determined by the filename tag: `ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t "" -i INPUT` |
### Video Options
| Option | Description |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `-r[:stream_specifier] fps (input/output,per-stream)` | Set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation). |
| `-aspect[:stream_specifier] aspect (output,per-stream)` | Set the video display aspect ratio specified by aspect.<br>aspect can be a floating point number string, or a string of the form num:den, where num and den are the numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. For example "4:3", "16:9", "1.3333", and "1.7777" are valid argument values.<br>If used together with -vcodec copy, it will affect the aspect ratio stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded frames, if it exists. |
| `-pix_fmt[:stream_specifier] format (input/output,per-stream)` | Set pixel format. Use -pix_fmts to show all the supported pixel formats. If the selected pixel format can not be selected, ffmpeg will print a warning and select the best pixel format supported by the encoder. If pix_fmt is prefixed by a +, ffmpeg will exit with an error if the requested pixel format can not be selected, and automatic conversions inside filtergraphs are disabled. If pix_fmt is a single +, ffmpeg selects the same pixel format as the input (or graph output) and automatic conversions are disabled. |
### Audio Options
| Option | Description |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `-ar[:stream_specifier] freq (input/output,per-stream)` | Set the audio sampling frequency. For output streams it is set by default to the frequency of the corresponding input stream. For input streams this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options. |
| `-ac[:stream_specifier] channels (input/output,per-stream)` | Set the number of audio channels. For output streams it is set by default to the number of input audio channels. For input streams this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options. |
### Advanced Options
| Option | Description |
| ----------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `-ignore_unknown` | Ignore input streams with unknown type instead of failing if copying such streams is attempted. |
| `-copy_unknown` | Allow input streams with unknown type to be copied instead of failing if copying such streams is attempted. |
| `-map_chapters input_file_index (output)` | Copy chapters from input file with index input_file_index to the next output file. If no chapter mapping is specified, then chapters are copied from the first input file with at least one chapter. Use a negative file index to disable any chapter copying. |
### Filters
[List of all filters](https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html)
#### Video Filters
##### Scale
Syntax: `-vf scale=w:h`
Example: Resize video to 720x480 pixels
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=720:480 output_scaled.mp4
```
##### Crop
Syntax: `-vf crop=w:h:x:y`
Example: Crop video to 640x480 pixels starting from the top-left corner
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf crop=640:480:0:0 output_cropped.mp4
```
##### Rotate
Syntax: `-vf rotate=angle`
Example: Rotate video by 90 degrees clockwise
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf rotate=90 output_rotated.mp4
```
##### Overlay
Syntax: `-vf "movie=overlay.mp4 [ov]; [in][ov] overlay=main_w-overlay_w-10:main_h-overlay_h-10 [out]"`
Example: Overlay one video on top of another
```shell
ffmpeg -i main_video.mp4 -i overlay.mp4 -filter_complex "overlay=10:10" output_overlay.mp4
```
##### Drawtext
Syntax: `-vf "drawtext=text='Your Text':x=10:y=10:fontsize=20:fontcolor=white"`
Example: Add text to the video
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "drawtext=text='Hello, World!':x=10:y=10:fontsize=20:fontcolor=white" output_texted.mp4
```
##### Chroma Keying (Green Screen Removal)
Syntax: `-vf "colorkey=0x00ff00:0.3:0.2"`
Example: Remove green background using chroma keying
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "colorkey=0x00ff00:0.3:0.2" output_no_green_screen.mp4
```
##### Reverse Video
Syntax: `-vf reverse`
Example: Reverse the frames of a video
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf reverse output_reversed.mp4
```
##### Blur
Syntax: `-vf "boxblur=5:1"`
Example: Apply a box blur to the video
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "boxblur=5:1" output_blurred.mp4
```
#### Audio Filters
##### Volume Adjustment:
Syntax: `-af volume=vol`
Example: Increase audio volume by a factor of 2
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af volume=2 output_louder.mp3
```
##### Equalizer
Syntax: `-af "equalizer=f=1000:width_type=h:width=200:g=-10"`
Example: Apply an equalizer effect to boost frequencies around 1000 Hz
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "equalizer=f=1000:width_type=h:width=200:g=10" output_equalized.mp3
```
##### Aecho (Audio Echo)
Syntax: `-af "aecho=0.8:0.9:1000:0.3"`
Example: Add an echo effect to the audio
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "aecho=0.8:0.9:1000:0.3" output_echo.mp3
```
##### Compand (Audio Compression/Expansion)
Syntax: `-af "compand=attacks=0.3:decays=0.8:points=-90/-900|-70/-70|-30/-9|0/-3"`
Example: Compress the audio dynamic range
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "compand=attacks=0.3:decays=0.8:points=-90/-900|-70/-70|-30/-9|0/-3" output_companded.mp3
```
##### High-Pass Filter
Syntax: `-af "highpass=f=100"`
Example: Apply a high-pass filter to the audio to allow frequencies above 100 Hz
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "highpass=f=100" output_highpass.mp3
```
##### Low-Pass Filter
Syntax: `-af "lowpass=f=1000"`
Example: Apply a low-pass filter to the audio to allow frequencies below 1000 Hz
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "lowpass=f=1000" output_lowpass.mp3
```
##### Resample (Change Audio Sample Rate)
Syntax: `-af "aresample=44100"`
Example: Change the audio sample rate to 44100 Hz
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "aresample=44100" output_resampled.mp3
```
##### Tremolo (Audio Modulation)
Syntax: `-af "tremolo=f=5"`
Example: Apply a tremolo effect to modulate the audio with a frequency of 5 Hz
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "tremolo=f=5" output_tremolo.mp3
```
##### Echor
Syntax: `-af "aecho=in_gain=0.8:out_gain=0.8:delays=500|1000|1500"`
Example: Apply a multi-tap echo effect to the audio
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "aecho=in_gain=0.8:out_gain=0.8:delays=500|1000|1500" output_echo.mp3
```
##### Speed/Pitch Change
Syntax: `-af "atempo=1.5"`
Example: Increase the speed and pitch of the audio by 1.5 times
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "atempo=1.5" output_fast.mp3
```
##### Reverb
Syntax: `-af "aecho=0.8:0.9:1000:0.3"`
Example: Add a reverb effect to the audio
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "aecho=0.8:0.9:1000:0.3" output_reverbed.mp3
```
##### Bass Boost
Syntax: `-af "equalizer=f=80:width_type=h:width=200:g=10"`
Example: Boost the bass frequencies in the audio
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "equalizer=f=80:width_type=h:width=200:g=10" output_bass_boosted.mp3
```
##### Audio Noise Reduction
Syntax: `-af "anlmdn=n=20"`
Example: Apply audio noise reduction
```shell
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -af "anlmdn=n=20" output_noise_reduced.mp3
```
## ffprobe
Usage: `ffprobe [options] [input]`
### Options
| Option | Description |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `-hide_banner` | Suppress printing banner. |
| `-output_format, -of, -print_format writer_name[=writer_options]` | Set the output printing format.<br> writer_name specifies the name of the writer, and writer_options specifies the options to be passed to the writer.<br>For example for printing the output in [JSON](../../files/JSON.md) format, specify:<br>`-output_format json` |
| `-select_streams stream_specifier` | Select only the streams specified by stream_specifier. This option affects only the options related to streams (e.g. show_streams, show_packets, etc.).<br>For example to show only audio streams, you can use the command:<br>`ffprobe -show_streams -select_streams a INPUT`<br>To show only video packets belonging to the video stream with index 1:<br>`ffprobe -show_packets -select_streams v:1 INPUT` |
| `-show_error` | Show information about the error found when trying to probe the input.<br>The error information is printed within a section with name "ERROR". |
| `-show_format` | Show information about the container format of the input multimedia stream.<br>All the container format information is printed within a section with name "FORMAT". |
| `-show_streams` | Show information about each media stream contained in the input multimedia stream.<br>Each media stream information is printed within a dedicated section with name "STREAM". |
| `-show_chapters` | Show information about chapters stored in the format.<br>Each chapter is printed within a dedicated section with name "CHAPTER". |

2
technology/applications/media/images/GIMP.md
View file

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long

2
technology/applications/media/kdenlive.md
View file

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ flatpak-id: org.kde.kdenlive
---
# kdenlive
Kdenlive is an open source video editor. The project was started around 2003. Kdenlive is built on Qt and the KDE Frameworks libraries. Most of the video processing is done by the MLT Framework, which relies on many other open source projects like [FFmpeg](../../media/ffmpeg.md), frei0r, movit, ladspa, sox, etc…
Kdenlive is an open source video editor. The project was started around 2003. Kdenlive is built on Qt and the KDE Frameworks libraries. Most of the video processing is done by the MLT Framework, which relies on many other open source projects like [FFmpeg](ffmpeg.md), frei0r, movit, ladspa, sox, etc…
![Screenshot][Screenshot]

2
technology/applications/media/kid3.md
View file

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ repo: https://invent.kde.org/multimedia/kid3
---
# kid3
kid3 is an application to easily tag multiple MP3, Ogg/Vorbis, [FLAC](../../media/audio/FLAC.md), Monkey’s Audio, MPC, MP4/AAC, MP2, [Opus](../../media/audio/Opus.md), Speex, TrueAudio, WavPack, WMA/WMV, [WAV](../../media/audio/WAV.md) and AIFF files (e.g. full albums) without typing the same information again and again and have control over both ID3v1 and ID3v2 tags.
kid3 is an application to easily tag multiple MP3, Ogg/Vorbis, [FLAC](../../files/media/audio/FLAC.md), Monkey’s Audio, MPC, MP4/AAC, MP2, [Opus](../../files/media/audio/Opus.md), Speex, TrueAudio, WavPack, WMA/WMV, [WAV](../../files/media/audio/WAV.md) and AIFF files (e.g. full albums) without typing the same information again and again and have control over both ID3v1 and ID3v2 tags.
![Screenshot][Screenshot]

16
technology/applications/media/yt-dlp.md
View file

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ yt-dlp is a website media downloader. It can be used with [MPV](MPV.md).
| -N, --concurrent-fragments N | Number of fragments of a dash/hlsnative video that should be downloaded concurrently |
| -r, --limit-rate RATE | Maximum download rate in bytes per second, e.g. 50K or 4.2M |
| -R, --retries RETRIES | Number of retries (default is 10) |
| --downloader \[PROTO:]NAME | Name or path of the external downloader to use (optionally) prefixed by the protocols ([http](../../internet/HTTP.md), ftp, m3u8, dash, rstp, rtmp, mms) to use it for.<br>Currently supports native, aria2c, avconv, axel, [curl](../cli/curl.md), [ffmpeg](../../media/ffmpeg.md), [httpie](../development/HTTPie.md), wget. You can use this option multiple times to set different downloaders for different protocols.<br>E.g. --downloader aria2c --downloader "dash,m3u8:native" will use aria2c for [http](../../internet/HTTP.md)/ftp downloads, and the native downloader for dash/m3u8 downloads |
| --downloader \[PROTO:]NAME | Name or path of the external downloader to use (optionally) prefixed by the protocols ([http](../../internet/HTTP.md), ftp, m3u8, dash, rstp, rtmp, mms) to use it for.<br>Currently supports native, aria2c, avconv, axel, [curl](../cli/network/curl.md), [ffmpeg](ffmpeg.md), [httpie](../development/HTTPie.md), wget. You can use this option multiple times to set different downloaders for different protocols.<br>E.g. --downloader aria2c --downloader "dash,m3u8:native" will use aria2c for [http](../../internet/HTTP.md)/ftp downloads, and the native downloader for dash/m3u8 downloads |
### Filesystem Options
| Option | Description |
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ yt-dlp is a website media downloader. It can be used with [MPV](MPV.md).
| ---------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| -f, --format FORMAT | Video format code, see "FORMAT SELECTION" for more details |
| -F, --list-formats | List available formats of each video. Simulate unless --no-simulate is used |
| --merge-output-format FORMAT | Containers that may be used when merging formats, separated by "/", e.g. "mp4/[mkv](../../media/Matroska.md)". Ignored if no merge is required. (currently supported: avi, flv, [mkv](../../media/Matroska.md), mov, mp4, webm) |
| --merge-output-format FORMAT | Containers that may be used when merging formats, separated by "/", e.g. "mp4/[mkv](../../files/media/Matroska.md)". Ignored if no merge is required. (currently supported: avi, flv, [mkv](../../files/media/Matroska.md), mov, mp4, webm) |
### Subtitle Options
| Option | Description |
@ -69,16 +69,16 @@ yt-dlp is a website media downloader. It can be used with [MPV](MPV.md).
### Post-Processing Options
| Option | Description |
| --------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| -x, --extract-audio | Convert video files to audio-only files (requires [ffmpeg](../../media/ffmpeg.md) and ffprobe) |
| --audio-format FORMAT | Format to convert the audio to when -x is used. (currently supported: best (default), aac, alac, [flac](../../media/audio/FLAC.md), m4a, mp3, [opus](../../media/audio/Opus.md), vorbis, [wav](../../media/audio/WAV.md)) |
| --remux-video FORMAT | Remux the video into another container if necessary (currently supported: avi, flv, [mkv](../../media/Matroska.md), mov, mp4, webm, aac, aiff, alac, [flac](../../media/audio/FLAC.md), m4a, mka, mp3, ogg, [opus](../../media/audio/Opus.md), vorbis, [wav](../../media/audio/WAV.md)) |
| --embed-subs | Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4, webm and [mkv](../../media/Matroska.md) videos) |
| -x, --extract-audio | Convert video files to audio-only files (requires [ffmpeg](ffmpeg.md) and ffprobe) |
| --audio-format FORMAT | Format to convert the audio to when -x is used. (currently supported: best (default), aac, alac, [flac](../../files/media/audio/FLAC.md), m4a, mp3, [opus](../../files/media/audio/Opus.md), vorbis, [wav](../../files/media/audio/WAV.md)) |
| --remux-video FORMAT | Remux the video into another container if necessary (currently supported: avi, flv, [mkv](../../files/media/Matroska.md), mov, mp4, webm, aac, aiff, alac, [flac](../../files/media/audio/FLAC.md), m4a, mka, mp3, ogg, [opus](../../files/media/audio/Opus.md), vorbis, [wav](../../files/media/audio/WAV.md)) |
| --embed-subs | Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4, webm and [mkv](../../files/media/Matroska.md) videos) |
| --embed-thumbnail | Embed thumbnail in the video as cover art |
| --embed-metadata | Embed metadata to the video file. Also embeds chapters/infojson if present unless --no-embed-chapters/--no-embed-info-json are used |
| --embed-chapters | Add chapter markers to the video file |
| --embed-info-json | Embed the infojson as an attachment to [mkv](../../media/Matroska.md)/mka video files |
| --embed-info-json | Embed the infojson as an attachment to [mkv](../../files/media/Matroska.md)/mka video files |
| --convert-subs FORMAT | Convert the subtitles to another format (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt) |
| --convert-thumbnails FORMAT | Convert the thumbnails to another format (currently supported: jpg, [png](../../media/image/PNG.md), webp) |
| --convert-thumbnails FORMAT | Convert the thumbnails to another format (currently supported: jpg, [png](../../files/media/image/PNG.md), webp) |
| --split-chapters | Split video into multiple files based on internal chapters. |
## OUTPUT TEMPLATE