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technology/internet/DNS.md
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---
# Domain Name System
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed naming system that translates human-readable [domain](Domain.md) names into IP addresses, facilitating the mapping of hostnames to IP addresses on the internet. DNS plays a crucial role in making web browsing and various internet services accessible by allowing users to interact with websites using easy-to-remember [domain](Domain.md) names instead of numeric IP addresses.
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed naming system that translates human-readable [domain](Domain.md) names into [IP](Internet%20Protocol.md) addresses, facilitating the mapping of hostnames to [IP](Internet%20Protocol.md) addresses on the internet. DNS plays a crucial role in making web browsing and various internet services accessible by allowing users to interact with websites using easy-to-remember [domain](Domain.md) names instead of numeric [IP](Internet%20Protocol.md) addresses.
## Components of DNS
### 1. **Domain Name Space:**
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1. **User Input:** A user enters a domain name into a web browser.
2. **Local DNS Resolver:** The user's device queries a local DNS resolver (usually provided by the ISP).
3. **Recursive Query:** If the local resolver doesn't have the information, it recursively queries the root DNS servers, then TLD servers, and finally the authoritative DNS server for the specific [domain](Domain.md).
4. **Response:** The authoritative DNS server responds with the IP address associated with the requested [domain](Domain.md).
5. **Caching:** The resolved IP address is cached at various levels to speed up future requests for the same [domain](Domain.md).
4. **Response:** The authoritative DNS server responds with the [IP](Internet%20Protocol.md) address associated with the requested [domain](Domain.md).
5. **Caching:** The resolved [IP](Internet%20Protocol.md) address is cached at various levels to speed up future requests for the same [domain](Domain.md).
## DNS Security
DNS plays a crucial role in internet security, and various measures are in place to protect against attacks, including: