mirror of
https://github.com/git/git
synced 2024-08-27 11:39:22 +00:00
![Junio C Hamano](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
The code to traverse objects for reachability, used to decide what objects are unreferenced and expendable, have been taught to also consider per-worktree refs of other worktrees as starting points to prevent data loss. * nd/per-worktree-ref-iteration: git-worktree.txt: correct linkgit command name reflog expire: cover reflog from all worktrees fsck: check HEAD and reflog from other worktrees fsck: move fsck_head_link() to get_default_heads() to avoid some globals revision.c: better error reporting on ref from different worktrees revision.c: correct a parameter name refs: new ref types to make per-worktree refs visible to all worktrees Add a place for (not) sharing stuff between worktrees refs.c: indent with tabs, not spaces
383 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
383 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
git-worktree(1)
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
git-worktree - Manage multiple working trees
|
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
[verse]
|
|
'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>]
|
|
'git worktree list' [--porcelain]
|
|
'git worktree lock' [--reason <string>] <worktree>
|
|
'git worktree move' <worktree> <new-path>
|
|
'git worktree prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>]
|
|
'git worktree remove' [-f] <worktree>
|
|
'git worktree unlock' <worktree>
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Manage multiple working trees attached to the same repository.
|
|
|
|
A git repository can support multiple working trees, allowing you to check
|
|
out more than one branch at a time. With `git worktree add` a new working
|
|
tree is associated with the repository. This new working tree is called a
|
|
"linked working tree" as opposed to the "main working tree" prepared by "git
|
|
init" or "git clone". A repository has one main working tree (if it's not a
|
|
bare repository) and zero or more linked working trees. When you are done
|
|
with a linked working tree, remove it with `git worktree remove`.
|
|
|
|
If a working tree is deleted without using `git worktree remove`, then
|
|
its associated administrative files, which reside in the repository
|
|
(see "DETAILS" below), will eventually be removed automatically (see
|
|
`gc.worktreePruneExpire` in linkgit:git-config[1]), or you can run
|
|
`git worktree prune` in the main or any linked working tree to
|
|
clean up any stale administrative files.
|
|
|
|
If a linked working tree is stored on a portable device or network share
|
|
which is not always mounted, you can prevent its administrative files from
|
|
being pruned by issuing the `git worktree lock` command, optionally
|
|
specifying `--reason` to explain why the working tree is locked.
|
|
|
|
COMMANDS
|
|
--------
|
|
add <path> [<commit-ish>]::
|
|
|
|
Create `<path>` and checkout `<commit-ish>` into it. The new working directory
|
|
is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except working
|
|
directory specific files such as HEAD, index, etc. `-` may also be
|
|
specified as `<commit-ish>`; it is synonymous with `@{-1}`.
|
|
+
|
|
If <commit-ish> is a branch name (call it `<branch>`) and is not found,
|
|
and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` are used, but there does
|
|
exist a tracking branch in exactly one remote (call it `<remote>`)
|
|
with a matching name, treat as equivalent to:
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree add --track -b <branch> <path> <remote>/<branch>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
If the branch exists in multiple remotes and one of them is named by
|
|
the `checkout.defaultRemote` configuration variable, we'll use that
|
|
one for the purposes of disambiguation, even if the `<branch>` isn't
|
|
unique across all remotes. Set it to
|
|
e.g. `checkout.defaultRemote=origin` to always checkout remote
|
|
branches from there if `<branch>` is ambiguous but exists on the
|
|
'origin' remote. See also `checkout.defaultRemote` in
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1].
|
|
+
|
|
If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used,
|
|
then, as a convenience, the new worktree is associated with a branch
|
|
(call it `<branch>`) named after `$(basename <path>)`. If `<branch>`
|
|
doesn't exist, a new branch based on HEAD is automatically created as
|
|
if `-b <branch>` was given. If `<branch>` does exist, it will be
|
|
checked out in the new worktree, if it's not checked out anywhere
|
|
else, otherwise the command will refuse to create the worktree (unless
|
|
`--force` is used).
|
|
|
|
list::
|
|
|
|
List details of each worktree. The main worktree is listed first, followed by
|
|
each of the linked worktrees. The output details include if the worktree is
|
|
bare, the revision currently checked out, and the branch currently checked out
|
|
(or 'detached HEAD' if none).
|
|
|
|
lock::
|
|
|
|
If a working tree is on a portable device or network share which
|
|
is not always mounted, lock it to prevent its administrative
|
|
files from being pruned automatically. This also prevents it from
|
|
being moved or deleted. Optionally, specify a reason for the lock
|
|
with `--reason`.
|
|
|
|
move::
|
|
|
|
Move a working tree to a new location. Note that the main working tree
|
|
or linked working trees containing submodules cannot be moved.
|
|
|
|
prune::
|
|
|
|
Prune working tree information in $GIT_DIR/worktrees.
|
|
|
|
remove::
|
|
|
|
Remove a working tree. Only clean working trees (no untracked files
|
|
and no modification in tracked files) can be removed. Unclean working
|
|
trees or ones with submodules can be removed with `--force`. The main
|
|
working tree cannot be removed.
|
|
|
|
unlock::
|
|
|
|
Unlock a working tree, allowing it to be pruned, moved or deleted.
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
-f::
|
|
--force::
|
|
By default, `add` refuses to create a new working tree when
|
|
`<commit-ish>` is a branch name and is already checked out by
|
|
another working tree, or if `<path>` is already assigned to some
|
|
working tree but is missing (for instance, if `<path>` was deleted
|
|
manually). This option overrides these safeguards. To add a missing but
|
|
locked working tree path, specify `--force` twice.
|
|
+
|
|
`move` refuses to move a locked working tree unless `--force` is specified
|
|
twice.
|
|
+
|
|
`remove` refuses to remove an unclean working tree unless `--force` is used.
|
|
To remove a locked working tree, specify `--force` twice.
|
|
|
|
-b <new-branch>::
|
|
-B <new-branch>::
|
|
With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at
|
|
`<commit-ish>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new working tree.
|
|
If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to HEAD.
|
|
By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already
|
|
exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to
|
|
`<commit-ish>`.
|
|
|
|
--detach::
|
|
With `add`, detach HEAD in the new working tree. See "DETACHED HEAD"
|
|
in linkgit:git-checkout[1].
|
|
|
|
--[no-]checkout::
|
|
By default, `add` checks out `<commit-ish>`, however, `--no-checkout` can
|
|
be used to suppress checkout in order to make customizations,
|
|
such as configuring sparse-checkout. See "Sparse checkout"
|
|
in linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
|
|
|
|
--[no-]guess-remote::
|
|
With `worktree add <path>`, without `<commit-ish>`, instead
|
|
of creating a new branch from HEAD, if there exists a tracking
|
|
branch in exactly one remote matching the basename of `<path>`,
|
|
base the new branch on the remote-tracking branch, and mark
|
|
the remote-tracking branch as "upstream" from the new branch.
|
|
+
|
|
This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the
|
|
`worktree.guessRemote` config option.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]track::
|
|
When creating a new branch, if `<commit-ish>` is a branch,
|
|
mark it as "upstream" from the new branch. This is the
|
|
default if `<commit-ish>` is a remote-tracking branch. See
|
|
"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
|
|
|
|
--lock::
|
|
Keep the working tree locked after creation. This is the
|
|
equivalent of `git worktree lock` after `git worktree add`,
|
|
but without race condition.
|
|
|
|
-n::
|
|
--dry-run::
|
|
With `prune`, do not remove anything; just report what it would
|
|
remove.
|
|
|
|
--porcelain::
|
|
With `list`, output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts.
|
|
This format will remain stable across Git versions and regardless of user
|
|
configuration. See below for details.
|
|
|
|
-q::
|
|
--quiet::
|
|
With 'add', suppress feedback messages.
|
|
|
|
-v::
|
|
--verbose::
|
|
With `prune`, report all removals.
|
|
|
|
--expire <time>::
|
|
With `prune`, only expire unused working trees older than <time>.
|
|
|
|
--reason <string>::
|
|
With `lock`, an explanation why the working tree is locked.
|
|
|
|
<worktree>::
|
|
Working trees can be identified by path, either relative or
|
|
absolute.
|
|
+
|
|
If the last path components in the working tree's path is unique among
|
|
working trees, it can be used to identify worktrees. For example if
|
|
you only have two working trees, at "/abc/def/ghi" and "/abc/def/ggg",
|
|
then "ghi" or "def/ghi" is enough to point to the former working tree.
|
|
|
|
REFS
|
|
----
|
|
In multiple working trees, some refs may be shared between all working
|
|
trees, some refs are local. One example is HEAD is different for all
|
|
working trees. This section is about the sharing rules and how to access
|
|
refs of one working tree from another.
|
|
|
|
In general, all pseudo refs are per working tree and all refs starting
|
|
with "refs/" are shared. Pseudo refs are ones like HEAD which are
|
|
directly under GIT_DIR instead of inside GIT_DIR/refs. There are one
|
|
exception to this: refs inside refs/bisect and refs/worktree is not
|
|
shared.
|
|
|
|
Refs that are per working tree can still be accessed from another
|
|
working tree via two special paths, main-worktree and worktrees. The
|
|
former gives access to per-worktree refs of the main working tree,
|
|
while the latter to all linked working trees.
|
|
|
|
For example, main-worktree/HEAD or main-worktree/refs/bisect/good
|
|
resolve to the same value as the main working tree's HEAD and
|
|
refs/bisect/good respectively. Similarly, worktrees/foo/HEAD or
|
|
worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad are the same as
|
|
GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/foo/HEAD and
|
|
GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad.
|
|
|
|
To access refs, it's best not to look inside GIT_DIR directly. Instead
|
|
use commands such as linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] or linkgit:git-update-ref[1]
|
|
which will handle refs correctly.
|
|
|
|
CONFIGURATION FILE
|
|
------------------
|
|
By default, the repository "config" file is shared across all working
|
|
trees. If the config variables `core.bare` or `core.worktree` are
|
|
already present in the config file, they will be applied to the main
|
|
working trees only.
|
|
|
|
In order to have configuration specific to working trees, you can turn
|
|
on "worktreeConfig" extension, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git config extensions.worktreeConfig true
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
In this mode, specific configuration stays in the path pointed by `git
|
|
rev-parse --git-path config.worktree`. You can add or update
|
|
configuration in this file with `git config --worktree`. Older Git
|
|
versions will refuse to access repositories with this extension.
|
|
|
|
Note that in this file, the exception for `core.bare` and `core.worktree`
|
|
is gone. If you have them in $GIT_DIR/config before, you must move
|
|
them to the `config.worktree` of the main working tree. You may also
|
|
take this opportunity to review and move other configuration that you
|
|
do not want to share to all working trees:
|
|
|
|
- `core.worktree` and `core.bare` should never be shared
|
|
|
|
- `core.sparseCheckout` is recommended per working tree, unless you
|
|
are sure you always use sparse checkout for all working trees.
|
|
|
|
DETAILS
|
|
-------
|
|
Each linked working tree has a private sub-directory in the repository's
|
|
$GIT_DIR/worktrees directory. The private sub-directory's name is usually
|
|
the base name of the linked working tree's path, possibly appended with a
|
|
number to make it unique. For example, when `$GIT_DIR=/path/main/.git` the
|
|
command `git worktree add /path/other/test-next next` creates the linked
|
|
working tree in `/path/other/test-next` and also creates a
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next` directory (or `$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next1`
|
|
if `test-next` is already taken).
|
|
|
|
Within a linked working tree, $GIT_DIR is set to point to this private
|
|
directory (e.g. `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` in the example) and
|
|
$GIT_COMMON_DIR is set to point back to the main working tree's $GIT_DIR
|
|
(e.g. `/path/main/.git`). These settings are made in a `.git` file located at
|
|
the top directory of the linked working tree.
|
|
|
|
Path resolution via `git rev-parse --git-path` uses either
|
|
$GIT_DIR or $GIT_COMMON_DIR depending on the path. For example, in the
|
|
linked working tree `git rev-parse --git-path HEAD` returns
|
|
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/HEAD` (not
|
|
`/path/other/test-next/.git/HEAD` or `/path/main/.git/HEAD`) while `git
|
|
rev-parse --git-path refs/heads/master` uses
|
|
$GIT_COMMON_DIR and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`,
|
|
since refs are shared across all working trees, except refs/bisect and
|
|
refs/worktree.
|
|
|
|
See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for more information. The rule of
|
|
thumb is do not make any assumption about whether a path belongs to
|
|
$GIT_DIR or $GIT_COMMON_DIR when you need to directly access something
|
|
inside $GIT_DIR. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path.
|
|
|
|
If you manually move a linked working tree, you need to update the 'gitdir' file
|
|
in the entry's directory. For example, if a linked working tree is moved
|
|
to `/newpath/test-next` and its `.git` file points to
|
|
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next`, then update
|
|
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/gitdir` to reference `/newpath/test-next`
|
|
instead.
|
|
|
|
To prevent a $GIT_DIR/worktrees entry from being pruned (which
|
|
can be useful in some situations, such as when the
|
|
entry's working tree is stored on a portable device), use the
|
|
`git worktree lock` command, which adds a file named
|
|
'locked' to the entry's directory. The file contains the reason in
|
|
plain text. For example, if a linked working tree's `.git` file points
|
|
to `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` then a file named
|
|
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/locked` will prevent the
|
|
`test-next` entry from being pruned. See
|
|
linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for details.
|
|
|
|
When extensions.worktreeConfig is enabled, the config file
|
|
`.git/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree` is read after `.git/config` is.
|
|
|
|
LIST OUTPUT FORMAT
|
|
------------------
|
|
The worktree list command has two output formats. The default format shows the
|
|
details on a single line with columns. For example:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree list
|
|
/path/to/bare-source (bare)
|
|
/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master]
|
|
/path/to/other-linked-worktree 1234abc (detached HEAD)
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Porcelain Format
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
The porcelain format has a line per attribute. Attributes are listed with a
|
|
label and value separated by a single space. Boolean attributes (like 'bare'
|
|
and 'detached') are listed as a label only, and are only present if and only
|
|
if the value is true. The first attribute of a worktree is always `worktree`,
|
|
an empty line indicates the end of the record. For example:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree list --porcelain
|
|
worktree /path/to/bare-source
|
|
bare
|
|
|
|
worktree /path/to/linked-worktree
|
|
HEAD abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234
|
|
branch refs/heads/master
|
|
|
|
worktree /path/to/other-linked-worktree
|
|
HEAD 1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234a
|
|
detached
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
|
--------
|
|
You are in the middle of a refactoring session and your boss comes in and
|
|
demands that you fix something immediately. You might typically use
|
|
linkgit:git-stash[1] to store your changes away temporarily, however, your
|
|
working tree is in such a state of disarray (with new, moved, and removed
|
|
files, and other bits and pieces strewn around) that you don't want to risk
|
|
disturbing any of it. Instead, you create a temporary linked working tree to
|
|
make the emergency fix, remove it when done, and then resume your earlier
|
|
refactoring session.
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree add -b emergency-fix ../temp master
|
|
$ pushd ../temp
|
|
# ... hack hack hack ...
|
|
$ git commit -a -m 'emergency fix for boss'
|
|
$ popd
|
|
$ git worktree remove ../temp
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
BUGS
|
|
----
|
|
Multiple checkout in general is still experimental, and the support
|
|
for submodules is incomplete. It is NOT recommended to make multiple
|
|
checkouts of a superproject.
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|