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![Stefan Beller](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
When a submodule is initialized, the config variable 'submodule.<name>.url' is set depending on the value of the same variable in the .gitmodules file. When the URL indicates to be relative, then the url is computed relative to its default remote. The default remote cannot be determined accurately in all cases, such that it falls back to 'origin'. The 'origin' remote may not exist, though. In that case we give up looking for a suitable remote and we'll just assume it to be a local relative path. This can be confusing to users as there is a lot of guessing involved, which is not obvious to the user. So in the corner case of assuming a local autoritative truth, warn the user to lessen the confusion. This behavior was introduced in4d6893200
(submodule add: allow relative repository path even when no url is set, 2011-06-06), which shared the code with submodule-init and then ported to C in3604242f08
(submodule: port init from shell to C, 2016-04-15). In case of submodule-add, this behavior makes sense in some use cases[1], however for submodule-init there does not seem to be an immediate obvious use case to fall back to a local submodule. However there might be, so warn instead of die here. While adding the warning, also clarify the behavior of relative URLs in the documentation. [1] e.g. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8721984/git-ignore-files-for-public-repository-but-not-for-private "store a secret locally in a submodule, with no intention to publish it" Reported-by: Shawn Pearce <spearce@spearce.org> Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
439 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
439 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
git-submodule(1)
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================
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NAME
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----
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git-submodule - Initialize, update or inspect submodules
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] add [<options>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] (--all|[--] <path>...)
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'git submodule' [--quiet] update [<options>] [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [<options>] [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
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'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] absorbgitdirs [--] [<path>...]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Inspects, updates and manages submodules.
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A submodule allows you to keep another Git repository in a subdirectory
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of your repository. The other repository has its own history, which does not
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interfere with the history of the current repository. This can be used to
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have external dependencies such as third party libraries for example.
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When cloning or pulling a repository containing submodules however,
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these will not be checked out by default; the 'init' and 'update'
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subcommands will maintain submodules checked out and at
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appropriate revision in your working tree.
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Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry
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in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object
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within the inner repository that is completely separate.
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A record in the `.gitmodules` (see linkgit:gitmodules[5]) file at the
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root of the source tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and
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describes the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
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The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your
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local repository configuration (see 'submodule init').
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Submodules are not to be confused with remotes, which are other
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repositories of the same project; submodules are meant for
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different projects you would like to make part of your source tree,
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while the history of the two projects still stays completely
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independent and you cannot modify the contents of the submodule
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from within the main project.
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If you want to merge the project histories and want to treat the
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aggregated whole as a single project from then on, you may want to
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add a remote for the other project and use the 'subtree' merge strategy,
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instead of treating the other project as a submodule. Directories
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that come from both projects can be cloned and checked out as a whole
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if you choose to go that route.
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COMMANDS
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--------
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add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>]::
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Add the given repository as a submodule at the given path
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to the changeset to be committed next to the current
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project: the current project is termed the "superproject".
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+
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This requires at least one argument: <repository>. The optional
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argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule
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to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
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"humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
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"/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
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The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its
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configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name.
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+
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<repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
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This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
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or ../), the location relative to the superproject's default remote
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repository (Please note that to specify a repository 'foo.git'
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which is located right next to a superproject 'bar.git', you'll
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have to use '../foo.git' instead of './foo.git' - as one might expect
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when following the rules for relative URLs - because the evaluation
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of relative URLs in Git is identical to that of relative directories).
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+
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The default remote is the remote of the remote tracking branch
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of the current branch. If no such remote tracking branch exists or
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the HEAD is detached, "origin" is assumed to be the default remote.
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If the superproject doesn't have a default remote configured
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the superproject is its own authoritative upstream and the current
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working directory is used instead.
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+
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<path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
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exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
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submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
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exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added
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to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
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to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
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the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
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+
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In either case, the given URL is recorded into .gitmodules for
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use by subsequent users cloning the superproject. If the URL is
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given relative to the superproject's repository, the presumption
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is the superproject and submodule repositories will be kept
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together in the same relative location, and only the
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superproject's URL needs to be provided: git-submodule will correctly
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locate the submodule using the relative URL in .gitmodules.
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status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]::
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Show the status of the submodules. This will print the SHA-1 of the
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currently checked out commit for each submodule, along with the
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submodule path and the output of 'git describe' for the
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SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is not
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initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
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does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
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repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
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+
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If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into nested
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submodules, and show their status as well.
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If you are only interested in changes of the currently initialized
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submodules with respect to the commit recorded in the index or the HEAD,
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linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that information
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too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree).
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init [--] [<path>...]::
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Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were
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added and committed elsewhere) by setting `submodule.$name.url`
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in .git/config. It uses the same setting from .gitmodules as
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a template. If the URL is relative, it will be resolved using
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the default remote. If there is no default remote, the current
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repository will be assumed to be upstream.
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+
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Optional <path> arguments limit which submodules will be initialized.
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If no path is specified, all submodules are initialized.
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+
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When present, it will also copy the value of `submodule.$name.update`.
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This command does not alter existing information in .git/config.
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You can then customize the submodule clone URLs in .git/config
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for your local setup and proceed to `git submodule update`;
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you can also just use `git submodule update --init` without
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the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
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any submodule locations.
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+
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See the add subcommand for the defintion of default remote.
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deinit [-f|--force] (--all|[--] <path>...)::
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Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole
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`submodule.$name` section from .git/config together with their work
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tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach`
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and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until
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they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to
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have a local checkout of the submodule in your working tree anymore. If
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you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
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that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead.
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+
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When the command is run without pathspec, it errors out,
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instead of deinit-ing everything, to prevent mistakes.
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If `--force` is specified, the submodule's working tree will
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be removed even if it contains local modifications.
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update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [--[no-]recommend-shallow] [-f|--force] [--checkout|--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--jobs <n>] [--] [<path>...]::
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+
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--
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Update the registered submodules to match what the superproject
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expects by cloning missing submodules and updating the working tree of
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the submodules. The "updating" can be done in several ways depending
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on command line options and the value of `submodule.<name>.update`
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configuration variable. The command line option takes precedence over
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the configuration variable. if neither is given, a checkout is performed.
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update procedures supported both from the command line as well as setting
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`submodule.<name>.update`:
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checkout;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be
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checked out in the submodule on a detached HEAD.
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+
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If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using
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`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified
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in the index of the containing repository already matches the commit
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checked out in the submodule.
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rebase;; the current branch of the submodule will be rebased
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onto the commit recorded in the superproject.
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merge;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be merged
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into the current branch in the submodule.
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The following procedures are only available via the `submodule.<name>.update`
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configuration variable:
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custom command;; arbitrary shell command that takes a single
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argument (the sha1 of the commit recorded in the
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superproject) is executed. When `submodule.<name>.update`
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is set to '!command', the remainder after the exclamation mark
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is the custom command.
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none;; the submodule is not updated.
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If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
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setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
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submodule with the `--init` option.
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If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
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registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
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--
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summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]::
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Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
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working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
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in the submodule between the given super project commit and the
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index or working tree (switched by `--cached`) are shown. If the option
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`--files` is given, show the series of commits in the submodule between
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the index of the super project and the working tree of the submodule
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(this option doesn't allow to use the `--cached` option or to provide an
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explicit commit).
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+
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Using the `--submodule=log` option with linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that
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information too.
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foreach [--recursive] <command>::
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Evaluates an arbitrary shell command in each checked out submodule.
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The command has access to the variables $name, $path, $sha1 and
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$toplevel:
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$name is the name of the relevant submodule section in .gitmodules,
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$path is the name of the submodule directory relative to the
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superproject, $sha1 is the commit as recorded in the superproject,
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and $toplevel is the absolute path to the top-level of the superproject.
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Any submodules defined in the superproject but not checked out are
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ignored by this command. Unless given `--quiet`, foreach prints the name
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of each submodule before evaluating the command.
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If `--recursive` is given, submodules are traversed recursively (i.e.
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the given shell command is evaluated in nested submodules as well).
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A non-zero return from the command in any submodule causes
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the processing to terminate. This can be overridden by adding '|| :'
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to the end of the command.
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+
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As an example, the command below will show the path and currently
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checked out commit for each submodule:
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+
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--------------
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git submodule foreach 'echo $path `git rev-parse HEAD`'
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--------------
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sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]::
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Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting
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to the value specified in .gitmodules. It will only affect those
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submodules which already have a URL entry in .git/config (that is the
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case when they are initialized or freshly added). This is useful when
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submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local
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repositories accordingly.
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+
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"git submodule sync" synchronizes all submodules while
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"git submodule sync \-- A" synchronizes submodule "A" only.
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If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
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registered submodules, and sync any nested submodules within.
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absorbgitdirs::
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If a git directory of a submodule is inside the submodule,
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move the git directory of the submodule into its superprojects
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`$GIT_DIR/modules` path and then connect the git directory and
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its working directory by setting the `core.worktree` and adding
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a .git file pointing to the git directory embedded in the
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superprojects git directory.
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+
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A repository that was cloned independently and later added as a submodule or
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old setups have the submodules git directory inside the submodule instead of
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embedded into the superprojects git directory.
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This command is recursive by default.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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-q::
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--quiet::
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Only print error messages.
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--all::
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This option is only valid for the deinit command. Unregister all
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submodules in the working tree.
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-b::
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--branch::
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Branch of repository to add as submodule.
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The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<name>.branch` in
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`.gitmodules` for `update --remote`. A special value of `.` is used to
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indicate that the name of the branch in the submodule should be the
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same name as the current branch in the current repository.
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-f::
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--force::
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This option is only valid for add, deinit and update commands.
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When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
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When running deinit the submodule working trees will be removed even
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if they contain local changes.
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When running update (only effective with the checkout procedure),
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throw away local changes in submodules when switching to a
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different commit; and always run a checkout operation in the
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submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the
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containing repository matches the commit checked out in the
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submodule.
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--cached::
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This option is only valid for status and summary commands. These
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commands typically use the commit found in the submodule HEAD, but
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with this option, the commit stored in the index is used instead.
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--files::
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This option is only valid for the summary command. This command
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compares the commit in the index with that in the submodule HEAD
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when this option is used.
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-n::
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--summary-limit::
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This option is only valid for the summary command.
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Limit the summary size (number of commits shown in total).
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Giving 0 will disable the summary; a negative number means unlimited
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(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
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size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
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--remote::
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This option is only valid for the update command. Instead of using
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the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
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status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch. The remote used
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is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
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The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
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be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
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either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
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precedence).
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+
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This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
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`--rebase`, etc.). The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
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For example, `submodule update --remote --merge` will merge upstream
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submodule changes into the submodules, while `submodule update
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--merge` will merge superproject gitlink changes into the submodules.
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+
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In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
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fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
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SHA-1. If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update
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--remote --no-fetch`.
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+
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Use this option to integrate changes from the upstream subproject with
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your submodule's current HEAD. Alternatively, you can run `git pull`
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from the submodule, which is equivalent except for the remote branch
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name: `update --remote` uses the default upstream repository and
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`submodule.<name>.branch`, while `git pull` uses the submodule's
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`branch.<name>.merge`. Prefer `submodule.<name>.branch` if you want
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to distribute the default upstream branch with the superproject and
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`branch.<name>.merge` if you want a more native feel while working in
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the submodule itself.
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-N::
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--no-fetch::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Don't fetch new objects from the remote site.
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--checkout::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Checkout the commit recorded in the superproject on a detached HEAD
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in the submodule. This is the default behavior, the main use of
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this option is to override `submodule.$name.update` when set to
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a value other than `checkout`.
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If the key `submodule.$name.update` is either not explicitly set or
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set to `checkout`, this option is implicit.
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--merge::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Merge the commit recorded in the superproject into the current branch
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of the submodule. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will
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not be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will
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have to resolve the resulting conflicts within the submodule with the
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usual conflict resolution tools.
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If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `merge`, this option is
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implicit.
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--rebase::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Rebase the current branch onto the commit recorded in the
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superproject. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will not
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be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will have
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to resolve these failures with linkgit:git-rebase[1].
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If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `rebase`, this option is
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implicit.
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--init::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Initialize all submodules for which "git submodule init" has not been
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called so far before updating.
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--name::
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This option is only valid for the add command. It sets the submodule's
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name to the given string instead of defaulting to its path. The name
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must be valid as a directory name and may not end with a '/'.
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--reference <repository>::
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This option is only valid for add and update commands. These
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commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
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this option will be passed to the linkgit:git-clone[1] command.
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+
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*NOTE*: Do *not* use this option unless you have read the note
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for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully.
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--recursive::
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This option is only valid for foreach, update, status and sync commands.
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Traverse submodules recursively. The operation is performed not
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only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
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in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
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--depth::
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This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow'
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clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions.
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See linkgit:git-clone[1]
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--[no-]recommend-shallow::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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The initial clone of a submodule will use the recommended
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`submodule.<name>.shallow` as provided by the .gitmodules file
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by default. To ignore the suggestions use `--no-recommend-shallow`.
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-j <n>::
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--jobs <n>::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Clone new submodules in parallel with as many jobs.
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Defaults to the `submodule.fetchJobs` option.
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<path>...::
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Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
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to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
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(This argument is required with add).
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|
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FILES
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-----
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When initializing submodules, a .gitmodules file in the top-level directory
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|
of the containing repository is used to find the url of each submodule.
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|
This file should be formatted in the same way as `$GIT_DIR/config`. The key
|
|
to each submodule url is "submodule.$name.url". See linkgit:gitmodules[5]
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|