mirror of
https://github.com/git/git
synced 2024-08-25 10:45:59 +00:00
![Johannes Schindelin](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
If you are a long time git user/developer, you forget that to a new git user, these words have not the same meaning as to you. [jc: with updates from J. Bruce Fields.] Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
254 lines
8 KiB
Plaintext
254 lines
8 KiB
Plaintext
object::
|
|
The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by
|
|
the SHA1 of its contents. Consequently, an object can not
|
|
be changed.
|
|
|
|
object name::
|
|
The unique identifier of an object. The hash of the object's contents
|
|
using the Secure Hash Algorithm 1 and usually represented by the 40
|
|
character hexadecimal encoding of the hash of the object (possibly
|
|
followed by a white space).
|
|
|
|
SHA1::
|
|
Synonym for object name.
|
|
|
|
object identifier::
|
|
Synonym for object name.
|
|
|
|
hash::
|
|
In git's context, synonym to object name.
|
|
|
|
object database::
|
|
Stores a set of "objects", and an individual object is identified
|
|
by its object name. The objects usually live in `$GIT_DIR/objects/`.
|
|
|
|
blob object::
|
|
Untyped object, e.g. the contents of a file.
|
|
|
|
tree object::
|
|
An object containing a list of file names and modes along with refs
|
|
to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A tree is equivalent
|
|
to a directory.
|
|
|
|
tree::
|
|
Either a working tree, or a tree object together with the
|
|
dependent blob and tree objects (i.e. a stored representation
|
|
of a working tree).
|
|
|
|
DAG::
|
|
Directed acyclic graph. The commit objects form a directed acyclic
|
|
graph, because they have parents (directed), and the graph of commit
|
|
objects is acyclic (there is no chain which begins and ends with the
|
|
same object).
|
|
|
|
index::
|
|
A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are
|
|
stored as objects. The index is a stored version of your working
|
|
tree. Truth be told, it can also contain a second, and even a third
|
|
version of a working tree, which are used when merging.
|
|
|
|
index entry::
|
|
The information regarding a particular file, stored in the index.
|
|
An index entry can be unmerged, if a merge was started, but not
|
|
yet finished (i.e. if the index contains multiple versions of
|
|
that file).
|
|
|
|
unmerged index:
|
|
An index which contains unmerged index entries.
|
|
|
|
cache::
|
|
Obsolete for: index.
|
|
|
|
working tree::
|
|
The set of files and directories currently being worked on,
|
|
i.e. you can work in your working tree without using git at all.
|
|
|
|
directory::
|
|
The list you get with "ls" :-)
|
|
|
|
revision::
|
|
A particular state of files and directories which was stored in
|
|
the object database. It is referenced by a commit object.
|
|
|
|
checkout::
|
|
The action of updating the working tree to a revision which was
|
|
stored in the object database.
|
|
|
|
commit::
|
|
As a verb: The action of storing the current state of the index in the
|
|
object database. The result is a revision.
|
|
As a noun: Short hand for commit object.
|
|
|
|
commit object::
|
|
An object which contains the information about a particular
|
|
revision, such as parents, committer, author, date and the
|
|
tree object which corresponds to the top directory of the
|
|
stored revision.
|
|
|
|
parent::
|
|
A commit object contains a (possibly empty) list of the logical
|
|
predecessor(s) in the line of development, i.e. its parents.
|
|
|
|
changeset::
|
|
BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "commit". Since git does not store
|
|
changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use
|
|
the term "changesets" with git.
|
|
|
|
clean::
|
|
A working tree is clean, if it corresponds to the revision
|
|
referenced by the current head.
|
|
|
|
dirty::
|
|
A working tree is said to be dirty if it contains modifications
|
|
which have not been committed to the current branch.
|
|
|
|
head::
|
|
The top of a branch. It contains a ref to the corresponding
|
|
commit object.
|
|
|
|
branch::
|
|
A non-cyclical graph of revisions, i.e. the complete history of
|
|
a particular revision, which is called the branch head. The
|
|
branch heads are stored in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/`.
|
|
|
|
master::
|
|
The default branch. Whenever you create a git repository, a branch
|
|
named "master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
|
|
cases, this contains the local development.
|
|
|
|
origin::
|
|
The default upstream branch. Most projects have one upstream
|
|
project which they track, and by default 'origin' is used for
|
|
that purpose. New updates from upstream will be fetched into
|
|
this branch; you should never commit to it yourself.
|
|
|
|
ref::
|
|
A 40-byte hex representation of a SHA1 pointing to a particular
|
|
object. These may be stored in `$GIT_DIR/refs/`.
|
|
|
|
head ref::
|
|
A ref pointing to a head. Often, this is abbreviated to "head".
|
|
Head refs are stored in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/`.
|
|
|
|
tree-ish::
|
|
A ref pointing to either a commit object, a tree object, or a
|
|
tag object pointing to a tag or commit or tree object.
|
|
|
|
ent::
|
|
Favorite synonym to "tree-ish" by some total geeks. See
|
|
`http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth)` for an in-depth
|
|
explanation.
|
|
|
|
tag object::
|
|
An object containing a ref pointing to another object, which can
|
|
contain a message just like a commit object. It can also
|
|
contain a (PGP) signature, in which case it is called a "signed
|
|
tag object".
|
|
|
|
tag::
|
|
A ref pointing to a tag or commit object. In contrast to a head,
|
|
a tag is not changed by a commit. Tags (not tag objects) are
|
|
stored in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/`. A git tag has nothing to do with
|
|
a Lisp tag (which is called object type in git's context).
|
|
A tag is most typically used to mark a particular point in the
|
|
commit ancestry chain.
|
|
|
|
merge::
|
|
To merge branches means to try to accumulate the changes since a
|
|
common ancestor and apply them to the first branch. An automatic
|
|
merge uses heuristics to accomplish that. Evidently, an automatic
|
|
merge can fail.
|
|
|
|
octopus::
|
|
To merge more than two branches. Also denotes an intelligent
|
|
predator.
|
|
|
|
resolve::
|
|
The action of fixing up manually what a failed automatic merge
|
|
left behind.
|
|
|
|
rewind::
|
|
To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the head to
|
|
an earlier revision.
|
|
|
|
rebase::
|
|
To clean a branch by starting from the head of the main line of
|
|
development ("master"), and reapply the (possibly cherry-picked)
|
|
changes from that branch.
|
|
|
|
repository::
|
|
A collection of refs together with an object database containing
|
|
all objects, which are reachable from the refs, possibly accompanied
|
|
by meta data from one or more porcelains. A repository can
|
|
share an object database with other repositories.
|
|
|
|
git archive::
|
|
Synonym for repository (for arch people).
|
|
|
|
file system::
|
|
Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file
|
|
system, i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories.
|
|
That ensured the efficiency and speed of git.
|
|
|
|
alternate object database::
|
|
Via the alternates mechanism, a repository can inherit part of its
|
|
object database from another object database, which is called
|
|
"alternate".
|
|
|
|
reachable::
|
|
An object is reachable from a ref/commit/tree/tag, if there is a
|
|
chain leading from the latter to the former.
|
|
|
|
chain::
|
|
A list of objects, where each object in the list contains a
|
|
reference to its successor (for example, the successor of a commit
|
|
could be one of its parents).
|
|
|
|
fetch::
|
|
Fetching a branch means to get the branch's head ref from a
|
|
remote repository, to find out which objects are missing from
|
|
the local object database, and to get them, too.
|
|
|
|
pull::
|
|
Pulling a branch means to fetch it and merge it.
|
|
|
|
push::
|
|
Pushing a branch means to get the branch's head ref from a remote
|
|
repository, find out if it is an ancestor to the branch's local
|
|
head ref is a direct, and in that case, putting all objects, which
|
|
are reachable from the local head ref, and which are missing from
|
|
the remote repository, into the remote object database, and updating
|
|
the remote head ref. If the remote head is not an ancestor to the
|
|
local head, the push fails.
|
|
|
|
pack::
|
|
A set of objects which have been compressed into one file (to save
|
|
space or to transmit them efficiently).
|
|
|
|
pack index::
|
|
The list of identifiers, and other information, of the objects in a
|
|
pack, to assist in efficiently accessing the contents of a pack.
|
|
|
|
core git::
|
|
Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only
|
|
limited source code management tools.
|
|
|
|
plumbing::
|
|
Cute name for core git.
|
|
|
|
porcelain::
|
|
Cute name for programs and program suites depending on core git,
|
|
presenting a high level access to core git. Porcelains expose
|
|
more of a SCM interface than the plumbing.
|
|
|
|
object type:
|
|
One of the identifiers "commit","tree","tag" and "blob" describing
|
|
the type of an object.
|
|
|
|
SCM::
|
|
Source code management (tool).
|
|
|
|
dircache::
|
|
You are *waaaaay* behind.
|
|
|