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![Elijah Newren](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
The fix is short (~30 lines), but the description is not. Sorry. There is a set of problems caused by files in what I'll refer to as the "present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE" state. This commit aims to not just fix these problems, but remove the entire class as a possibility -- for those using sparse checkouts. But first, we need to understand the problems this class presents. A quick outline: * Problems * User facing issues * Problem space complexity * Maintenance and code correctness challenges * SKIP_WORKTREE expectations in Git * Suggested solution * Pros/Cons of suggested solution * Notes on testcase modifications === User facing issues === There are various ways for users to get files to be present in the working copy despite having the SKIP_WORKTREE bit set for that file in the index. This may come from: * various git commands not really supporting the SKIP_WORKTREE bit[1,2] * users grabbing files from elsewhere and writing them to the worktree (perhaps even cached in their editor) * users attempting to "abort" a sparse-checkout operation with a not-so-early Ctrl+C (updating $GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout and the working tree is not atomic)[3]. Once users have present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE files, any modifications users make to these files will be ignored, possibly to users' confusion. Further: * these files will degrade performance for the sparse-index case due to requiring the index to be expanded (see commit55dfcf9591
("sparse-checkout: clear tracked sparse dirs", 2021-09-08) for why we try to delete entire directories outside the sparse cone). * these files will not be updated by by standard commands (switch/checkout/pull/merge/rebase will leave them alone unless conflicts happen -- and even then, the conflicted file may be written somewhere else to avoid overwriting the SKIP_WORKTREE file that is present and in the way) * there is nothing in Git that users can use to discover such files (status, diff, grep, etc. all ignore it) * there is no reasonable mechanism to "recover" from such a condition (neither `git sparse-checkout reapply` nor `git reset --hard` will correct it). So, not only are users modifications ignored, but the files get progressively more stale over time. At some point in the future, they may change their sparseness specification or disable sparse-checkouts. At that time, all present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE files will show up as having lots of modifications because they represent a version from a different branch or commit. These might include user-made local changes from days before, but the only way to tell is to have users look through them all closely. If these users come to others for help, there will be no logs that explain the issue; it's just a mysterious list of changes. Users might adamantly claim (correctly, as it turns out) that they didn't modify these files, while others presume they did. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqbmb1a7ga.fsf@gitster-ct.c.googlers.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BH9tju7WVm=QZDOvaMDdZbpNXrVWQdN-jmfN8wC6YVhmw@mail.gmail.com/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BFnFpzwGC11TLoLs8YK5yiisA5D5-fFjXnJsbESVDwZsA@mail.gmail.com/ === Problem space complexity === SKIP_WORKTREE has been part of Git for over a decade. Duy did lots of work on it initially, and several others have since come along and put lots of work into it. Stolee spent most of 2021 on the sparse-index, with lots of bugfixes along the way including to non-sparse-index cases as we are still trying to get sparse checkouts to behave reasonably. Basically every codepath throughout the treat needs to be aware of an additional type of file: tracked-but-not-present. The extra type results in lots of extra testcases and lots of extra code everywhere. But, the sad thing is that we actually have more than one extra type. We have tracked, tracked-but-not-present (SKIP_WORKTREE), and tracked-but-promised-to-not-be-present-but-is-present-anyway (present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE). Two types is a monumental amount of effort to support, and adding a third feels a bit like insanity[4]. [4] Some examples of which can be seen at https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BGJ_Nvi5TmgriD9Bh6eNXE2EDq2f8e8QKXAeYG3BxZafA@mail.gmail.com/ === Maintenance and code correctness challenges === Matheus' patches to grep stalled for nearly a year, in part because of complications of how to handle sparse-checkouts appropriately in all cases[5][6] (with trying to sanely figure out how to sanely handle present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE files being one of the complications). His rm/add follow-ups also took months because of those kinds of issues[7]. The corner cases with things like submodules and SKIP_WORKTREE with the addition of present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE start becoming really complex[8]. We've had to add ugly logic to merge-ort to attempt to handle present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE files[9], and basically just been forced to give up in merge-recursive knowing full well that we'll sometimes silently discard user modifications. Despite stash essentially being a merge, it needed extra code (beyond what was in merge-ort and merge-recursive) to manually tweak SKIP_WORKTREE bits in order to avoid a few different bugs that'd result in an early abort with a partial stash application[10]. [5] See https://lore.kernel.org/git/5f3f7ac77039d41d1692ceae4b0c5df3bb45b74a.1612901326.git.matheus.bernardino@usp.br/#t and the dates on the thread; also Matheus and I had several conversations off-list trying to resolve the issues over that time [6] ...it finally kind of got unstuck after https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BGJ_Nvi5TmgriD9Bh6eNXE2EDq2f8e8QKXAeYG3BxZafA@mail.gmail.com/ [7] See for example https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BHwNoVnooqDFPAsZxBT9aR5Dwk5D9sDRCvYSb8akxAJgA@mail.gmail.com/#t and quotes like "The core functionality of sparse-checkout has always been only partially implemented", a statement I still believe is true today. [8] https://lore.kernel.org/git/pull.809.git.git.1592356884310.gitgitgadget@gmail.com/ [9] See commit66b209b86a
("merge-ort: implement CE_SKIP_WORKTREE handling with conflicted entries", 2021-03-20) [10] See commitba359fd507
("stash: fix stash application in sparse-checkouts", 2020-12-01) === SKIP_WORKTREE expectations in Git === A couple quotes: * From [11] (before the "sparse-checkout" command existed): If it needs too many special cases, hacks, and conditionals, then it is not worth the complexity---if it is easier to write a correct code by allowing Git to populate working tree files, it is perfectly fine to do so. In a sense, the sparse checkout "feature" itself is a hack by itself, and that is why I think this part should be "best effort" as well. * From the git-sparse-checkout manual (still present today): THIS COMMAND IS EXPERIMENTAL. ITS BEHAVIOR, AND THE BEHAVIOR OF OTHER COMMANDS IN THE PRESENCE OF SPARSE-CHECKOUTS, WILL LIKELY CHANGE IN THE FUTURE. [11] https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqbmb1a7ga.fsf@gitster-ct.c.googlers.com/ === Suggested solution === SKIP_WORKTREE was written to allow sparse-checkouts, in particular, as the name of the option implies, to allow the file to NOT be in the worktree but consider it to be unchanged rather than deleted. The suggests a simple solution: present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE files should not exist, for those using sparse-checkouts. Enforce this at index loading time by checking if core.sparseCheckout is true; if so, check files in the index with the SKIP_WORKTREE bit set to verify that they are absent from the working tree. If they are present, unset the bit (in memory, though any commands that write to the index will record the update). Users can, of course, can get the SKIP_WORKTREE bit back such as by running `git sparse-checkout reapply` (if they have ensured the file is unmodified and doesn't match the specified sparsity patterns). === Pros/Cons of suggested solution === Pros: * Solves the user visible problems reported above, which I've been complaining about for nearly a year but couldn't find a solution to. * Helps prevent slow performance degradation with a sparse-index. * Much easier behavior in sparse-checkouts for users to reason about * Very simple, ~30 lines of code. * Significantly simplifies some ugly testcases, and obviates the need to test an entire class of potential issues. * Reduces code complexity, reasoning, and maintenance. Avoids disagreements about weird corner cases[12]. * It has been reported that some users might be (ab)using SKIP_WORKTREE as a let-me-modify-but-keep-the-file-in-the-worktree mechanism[13, and a few other similar references]. These users know of multiple caveats and shortcomings in doing so; perhaps not surprising given the "SKIP_WORKTREE expecations" section above. However, these users use `git update-index --skip-worktree`, and not `git sparse-checkout` or core.sparseCheckout=true. As such, these users would be unaffected by this change and can continue abusing the system as before. [12] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BH9tju7WVm=QZDOvaMDdZbpNXrVWQdN-jmfN8wC6YVhmw@mail.gmail.com/ [13] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13630849/git-difference-between-assume-unchanged-and-skip-worktree Cons: * When core.sparseCheckout is enabled, this adds a performance cost to reading the index. I'll defer discussion of this cost to a subsequent patch, since I have some optimizations to add. === Notes on testcase modifications === The good: * t1011: Compare to two cases above it ('read-tree will not throw away dirty changes, non-sparse'); since the file is present, it should match the non-sparse case now * t1092: sparse-index & sparse-checkout now match full-worktree behavior in more cases! Yaay for consistency! * t6428, t7012: look at how much simpler the tests become! Merge and stash can just fail early telling the user there's a file in the way, instead of not noticing until it's about to write a file and then have to implement sudden crash avoidance. Hurray for sanity! * t7817: sparse behavior better matches full tree behavior. Hurray for sanity! The confusing: * t3705: These changes were ONLY needed on Windows, but they don't hurt other platforms. Let's discuss each individually: * core.sparseCheckout should be false by default. Nothing in this testcase toggles that until many, many tests later. However, early tests (#5 in particular) were testing `update-index --skip-worktree` behavior in a non-sparse-checkout, but the Windows tests in CI were behaving as if core.sparseCheckout=true had been specified somewhere. I do not have access to a Windows machine. But I just manually did what should have been a no-op and turned the config off. And it fixed the test. * I have no idea why the leftover .gitattributes file from this test was causing failures for test #18 on Windows, but only with these changes of mine. Test #18 was checking for empty stderr, and specifically wanted to know that some error completely unrelated to file endings did not appear. The leftover .gitattributes file thus caused some spurious stderr unrelated to the thing being checked. Since other tests did not intend to test normalization, just proactively remove the .gitattributes file. I'm certain this is cleaner and better, I'm just unsure why/how this didn't trigger problems before. Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
237 lines
6.8 KiB
Bash
Executable file
237 lines
6.8 KiB
Bash
Executable file
#!/bin/sh
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test_description='git add in sparse checked out working trees'
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. ./test-lib.sh
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SPARSE_ENTRY_BLOB=""
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# Optionally take a printf format string to write to the sparse_entry file
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setup_sparse_entry () {
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# 'sparse_entry' might already be in the index with the skip-worktree
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# bit set. Remove it so that the subsequent git add can update it.
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git update-index --force-remove sparse_entry &&
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if test $# -eq 1
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then
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printf "$1" >sparse_entry
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else
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>sparse_entry
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fi &&
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git add sparse_entry &&
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git update-index --skip-worktree sparse_entry &&
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git config core.sparseCheckout false &&
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git commit --allow-empty -m "ensure sparse_entry exists at HEAD" &&
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SPARSE_ENTRY_BLOB=$(git rev-parse :sparse_entry)
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}
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged () {
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echo "100644 $SPARSE_ENTRY_BLOB 0 sparse_entry" >expected &&
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git ls-files --stage sparse_entry >actual &&
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test_cmp expected actual
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}
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setup_gitignore () {
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test_when_finished rm -f .gitignore &&
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cat >.gitignore <<-EOF
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*
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!/sparse_entry
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EOF
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}
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged () {
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git diff --staged -- sparse_entry >diff &&
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test_must_be_empty diff
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}
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test_expect_success 'setup' "
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cat >sparse_error_header <<-EOF &&
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The following paths and/or pathspecs matched paths that exist
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outside of your sparse-checkout definition, so will not be
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updated in the index:
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EOF
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cat >sparse_hint <<-EOF &&
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hint: If you intend to update such entries, try one of the following:
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hint: * Use the --sparse option.
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hint: * Disable or modify the sparsity rules.
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hint: Disable this message with \"git config advice.updateSparsePath false\"
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EOF
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echo sparse_entry | cat sparse_error_header - >sparse_entry_error &&
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cat sparse_entry_error sparse_hint >error_and_hint
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"
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test_expect_success 'git add does not remove sparse entries' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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rm sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git add sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_cmp error_and_hint stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged
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'
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test_expect_success 'git add -A does not remove sparse entries' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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rm sparse_entry &&
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setup_gitignore &&
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git add -A 2>stderr &&
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test_must_be_empty stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged
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'
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test_expect_success 'git add . does not remove sparse entries' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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rm sparse_entry &&
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setup_gitignore &&
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test_must_fail git add . 2>stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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cat sparse_error_header >expect &&
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echo . >>expect &&
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cat sparse_hint >>expect &&
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test_cmp expect stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged
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'
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for opt in "" -f -u --ignore-removal --dry-run
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do
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test_expect_success "git add${opt:+ $opt} does not update sparse entries" '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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echo modified >sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git add $opt sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_cmp error_and_hint stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged
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'
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done
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test_expect_success 'git add --refresh does not update sparse entries' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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git ls-files --debug sparse_entry | grep mtime >before &&
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test-tool chmtime -60 sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git add --refresh sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_cmp error_and_hint stderr &&
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git ls-files --debug sparse_entry | grep mtime >after &&
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test_cmp before after
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'
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test_expect_success 'git add --chmod does not update sparse entries' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git add --chmod=+x sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_cmp error_and_hint stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged &&
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! test -x sparse_entry
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'
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test_expect_success 'git add --renormalize does not update sparse entries' '
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test_when_finished rm .gitattributes &&
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test_config core.autocrlf false &&
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setup_sparse_entry "LINEONE\r\nLINETWO\r\n" &&
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echo "sparse_entry text=auto" >.gitattributes &&
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test_must_fail git add --renormalize sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_cmp error_and_hint stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged
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'
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test_expect_success 'git add --dry-run --ignore-missing warn on sparse path' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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rm sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git add --dry-run --ignore-missing sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_cmp error_and_hint stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged
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'
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test_expect_success 'do not advice about sparse entries when they do not match the pathspec' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git add nonexistent 2>stderr &&
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grep "fatal: pathspec .nonexistent. did not match any files" stderr &&
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! grep -F -f sparse_error_header stderr
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'
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test_expect_success 'do not warn when pathspec matches dense entries' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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echo modified >sparse_entry &&
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>dense_entry &&
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git add "*_entry" 2>stderr &&
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test_must_be_empty stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged &&
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git ls-files --error-unmatch dense_entry
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'
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test_expect_success 'git add fails outside of sparse-checkout definition' '
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test_when_finished git sparse-checkout disable &&
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test_commit a &&
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git sparse-checkout init &&
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git sparse-checkout set a &&
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echo >>sparse_entry &&
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git update-index --no-skip-worktree sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git add sparse_entry &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_must_fail git add --chmod=+x sparse_entry &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_must_fail git add --renormalize sparse_entry &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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# Avoid munging CRLFs to avoid an error message
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git -c core.autocrlf=input add --sparse sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_must_be_empty stderr &&
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git ls-files --stage >actual &&
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grep "^100644 .*sparse_entry\$" actual &&
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git add --sparse --chmod=+x sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_must_be_empty stderr &&
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git ls-files --stage >actual &&
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grep "^100755 .*sparse_entry\$" actual &&
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git reset &&
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# This will print a message over stderr on Windows.
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git add --sparse --renormalize sparse_entry &&
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git status --porcelain >actual &&
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grep "^M sparse_entry\$" actual
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'
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test_expect_success 'add obeys advice.updateSparsePath' '
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setup_sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git -c advice.updateSparsePath=false add sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_sparse_entry_unstaged &&
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test_cmp sparse_entry_error stderr
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'
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test_expect_success 'add allows sparse entries with --sparse' '
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git sparse-checkout set a &&
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echo modified >sparse_entry &&
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test_must_fail git add sparse_entry &&
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test_sparse_entry_unchanged &&
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git add --sparse sparse_entry 2>stderr &&
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test_must_be_empty stderr
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'
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test_expect_success 'can add files from non-sparse dir' '
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git sparse-checkout set w !/x y/ &&
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mkdir -p w x/y &&
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touch w/f x/y/f &&
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git add w/f x/y/f 2>stderr &&
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test_must_be_empty stderr
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'
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test_expect_success 'refuse to add non-skip-worktree file from sparse dir' '
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git sparse-checkout set !/x y/ !x/y/z &&
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mkdir -p x/y/z &&
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touch x/y/z/f &&
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test_must_fail git add x/y/z/f 2>stderr &&
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echo x/y/z/f | cat sparse_error_header - sparse_hint >expect &&
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test_cmp expect stderr
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'
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test_done
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