mirror of
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![Wesley J. Landaker](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Fix the git-svn documentation svn-remote example section talking about tags and branches by using the proper key "fetch" instead of "trunk". Using "trunk" actually might be nice, but it doesn't currently work. The fetch line for the trunk was also reordered to be at the top of the list, since most people think about the trunk/tags/branches trio in that logical order. Signed-off-by: Wesley J. Landaker <wjl@icecavern.net> Acked-by: Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
699 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
699 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
git-svn(1)
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==========
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NAME
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----
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git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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'git svn' <command> [options] [arguments]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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'git-svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
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It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git
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repository.
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'git-svn' can track a single Subversion branch simply by using a
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URL to the branch, follow branches laid out in the Subversion recommended
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method (trunk, branches, tags directories) with the --stdlayout option, or
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follow branches in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options (see options to
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'init' below, and also the 'clone' command).
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Once tracking a Subversion branch (with any of the above methods), the git
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repository can be updated from Subversion by the 'fetch' command and
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Subversion updated from git by the 'dcommit' command.
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COMMANDS
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--------
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--
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'init'::
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Initializes an empty git repository with additional
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metadata directories for 'git-svn'. The Subversion URL
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may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
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URL arguments to -T/-t/-b. Optionally, the target
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directory to operate on can be specified as a second
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argument. Normally this command initializes the current
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directory.
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-T<trunk_subdir>;;
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--trunk=<trunk_subdir>;;
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-t<tags_subdir>;;
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--tags=<tags_subdir>;;
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-b<branches_subdir>;;
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--branches=<branches_subdir>;;
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-s;;
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--stdlayout;;
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These are optional command-line options for init. Each of
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these flags can point to a relative repository path
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(--tags=project/tags') or a full url
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(--tags=https://foo.org/project/tags). The option --stdlayout is
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a shorthand way of setting trunk,tags,branches as the relative paths,
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which is the Subversion default. If any of the other options are given
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as well, they take precedence.
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--no-metadata;;
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Set the 'noMetadata' option in the [svn-remote] config.
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--use-svm-props;;
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Set the 'useSvmProps' option in the [svn-remote] config.
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--use-svnsync-props;;
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Set the 'useSvnsyncProps' option in the [svn-remote] config.
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--rewrite-root=<URL>;;
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Set the 'rewriteRoot' option in the [svn-remote] config.
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--use-log-author;;
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When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of fetch, rebase, or
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dcommit operations), look for the first From: or Signed-off-by: line
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in the log message and use that as the author string.
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--add-author-from;;
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When committing to svn from git (as part of commit or dcommit
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operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a
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From: or Signed-off-by: line, append a From: line based on the
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git commit's author string. If you use this, then --use-log-author
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will retrieve a valid author string for all commits.
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--username=<USER>;;
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For transports that SVN handles authentication for (http,
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https, and plain svn), specify the username. For other
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transports (eg svn+ssh://), you must include the username in
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the URL, eg svn+ssh://foo@svn.bar.com/project
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--prefix=<prefix>;;
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This allows one to specify a prefix which is prepended
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to the names of remotes if trunk/branches/tags are
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specified. The prefix does not automatically include a
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trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the
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argument if that is what you want. If --branches/-b is
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specified, the prefix must include a trailing slash.
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Setting a prefix is useful if you wish to track multiple
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projects that share a common repository.
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'fetch'::
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Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are
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tracking. The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the
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.git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line
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argument.
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--localtime;;
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Store Git commit times in the local timezone instead of UTC. This
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makes 'git-log' (even without --date=local) show the same times
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that `svn log` would in the local timezone.
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This doesn't interfere with interoperating with the Subversion
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repository you cloned from, but if you wish for your local Git
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repository to be able to interoperate with someone else's local Git
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repository, either don't use this option or you should both use it in
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the same local timezone.
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--ignore-paths=<regex>;;
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This allows one to specify Perl regular expression that will
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cause skipping of all matching paths from checkout from SVN.
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Examples:
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--ignore-paths="^doc" - skip "doc*" directory for every fetch.
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--ignore-paths="^[^/]+/(?:branches|tags)" - skip "branches"
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and "tags" of first level directories.
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Regular expression is not persistent, you should specify
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it every time when fetching.
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'clone'::
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Runs 'init' and 'fetch'. It will automatically create a
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directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it;
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or if a second argument is passed; it will create a directory
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and work within that. It accepts all arguments that the
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'init' and 'fetch' commands accept; with the exception of
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'--fetch-all'. After a repository is cloned, the 'fetch'
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command will be able to update revisions without affecting
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the working tree; and the 'rebase' command will be able
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to update the working tree with the latest changes.
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'rebase'::
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This fetches revisions from the SVN parent of the current HEAD
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and rebases the current (uncommitted to SVN) work against it.
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This works similarly to `svn update` or 'git-pull' except that
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it preserves linear history with 'git-rebase' instead of
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'git-merge' for ease of dcommitting with 'git-svn'.
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This accepts all options that 'git-svn fetch' and 'git-rebase'
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accept. However, '--fetch-all' only fetches from the current
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[svn-remote], and not all [svn-remote] definitions.
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Like 'git-rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean
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and have no uncommitted changes.
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-l;;
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--local;;
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Do not fetch remotely; only run 'git-rebase' against the
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last fetched commit from the upstream SVN.
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'dcommit'::
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Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN
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repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
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not there is a diff between SVN and head). This will create
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a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
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It is recommended that you run 'git-svn' fetch and rebase (not
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pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the
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SVN repository.
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An optional command-line argument may be specified as an
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alternative to HEAD.
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This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces
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cleaner, more linear history.
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+
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--no-rebase;;
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After committing, do not rebase or reset.
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--commit-url <URL>;;
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Commit to this SVN URL (the full path). This is intended to
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allow existing git-svn repositories created with one transport
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method (e.g. `svn://` or `http://` for anonymous read) to be
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reused if a user is later given access to an alternate transport
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method (e.g. `svn+ssh://` or `https://`) for commit.
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config key: svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
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config key: svn.commiturl (overwrites all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl options)
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Using this option for any other purpose (don't ask)
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is very strongly discouraged.
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--
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'branch'::
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Create a branch in the SVN repository.
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-m;;
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--message;;
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Allows to specify the commit message.
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-t;;
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--tag;;
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Create a tag by using the tags_subdir instead of the branches_subdir
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specified during git svn init.
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'tag'::
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Create a tag in the SVN repository. This is a shorthand for
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'branch -t'.
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'log'::
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This should make it easy to look up svn log messages when svn
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users refer to -r/--revision numbers.
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+
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The following features from `svn log' are supported:
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+
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--
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--revision=<n>[:<n>];;
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is supported, non-numeric args are not:
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HEAD, NEXT, BASE, PREV, etc ...
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-v/--verbose;;
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it's not completely compatible with the --verbose
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output in svn log, but reasonably close.
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--limit=<n>;;
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is NOT the same as --max-count, doesn't count
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merged/excluded commits
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--incremental;;
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supported
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--
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+
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New features:
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+
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--
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--show-commit;;
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shows the git commit sha1, as well
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--oneline;;
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our version of --pretty=oneline
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--
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+
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NOTE: SVN itself only stores times in UTC and nothing else. The regular svn
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client converts the UTC time to the local time (or based on the TZ=
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environment). This command has the same behaviour.
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+
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Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git-log'
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'blame'::
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Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The
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output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of
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`svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command,
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local uncommitted changes in the working copy are ignored;
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the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown
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arguments are passed directly to 'git-blame'.
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+
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--git-format;;
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Produce output in the same format as 'git-blame', but with
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SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode,
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changes that haven't been committed to SVN (including local
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working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0.
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--
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'find-rev'::
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When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the
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corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
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tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched). When given a
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tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number.
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'set-tree'::
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You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
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Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN. This relies on
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your imported fetch data being up-to-date. This makes
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absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it
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simply overwrites files with those specified in the tree or
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commit. All merging is assumed to have taken place
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independently of 'git-svn' functions.
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'create-ignore'::
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Recursively finds the svn:ignore property on directories and
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creates matching .gitignore files. The resulting files are staged to
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be committed, but are not committed. Use -r/--revision to refer to a
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specific revision.
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'show-ignore'::
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Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on
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directories. The output is suitable for appending to
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the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
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'commit-diff'::
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Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the
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command-line. This command does not rely on being inside an `git-svn
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init`-ed repository. This command takes three arguments, (a) the
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original tree to diff against, (b) the new tree result, (c) the
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URL of the target Subversion repository. The final argument
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(URL) may be omitted if you are working from a 'git-svn'-aware
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repository (that has been `init`-ed with 'git-svn').
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The -r<revision> option is required for this.
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'info'::
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Shows information about a file or directory similar to what
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`svn info' provides. Does not currently support a -r/--revision
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argument. Use the --url option to output only the value of the
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'URL:' field.
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'proplist'::
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Lists the properties stored in the Subversion repository about a
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given file or directory. Use -r/--revision to refer to a specific
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Subversion revision.
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'propget'::
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Gets the Subversion property given as the first argument, for a
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file. A specific revision can be specified with -r/--revision.
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'show-externals'::
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Shows the Subversion externals. Use -r/--revision to specify a
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specific revision.
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--
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OPTIONS
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-------
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--
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--shared[={false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody}]::
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--template=<template_directory>::
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Only used with the 'init' command.
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These are passed directly to 'git-init'.
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-r <ARG>::
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--revision <ARG>::
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Used with the 'fetch' command.
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This allows revision ranges for partial/cauterized history
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to be supported. $NUMBER, $NUMBER1:$NUMBER2 (numeric ranges),
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$NUMBER:HEAD, and BASE:$NUMBER are all supported.
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This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch;
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but is generally not recommended because history will be skipped
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and lost.
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-::
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--stdin::
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Only used with the 'set-tree' command.
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Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse
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order. Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
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'git-rev-list --pretty=oneline' output can be used.
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--rmdir::
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
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Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
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behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
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removed by default if there are no files left in them. git
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cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make
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the commit to SVN act like git.
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config key: svn.rmdir
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-e::
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--edit::
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
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Edit the commit message before committing to SVN. This is off by
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default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing
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tree objects.
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config key: svn.edit
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-l<num>::
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--find-copies-harder::
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
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They are both passed directly to 'git-diff-tree'; see
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linkgit:git-diff-tree[1] for more information.
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[verse]
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config key: svn.l
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config key: svn.findcopiesharder
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-A<filename>::
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--authors-file=<filename>::
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Syntax is compatible with the file used by 'git-cvsimport':
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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loginname = Joe User <user@example.com>
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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If this option is specified and 'git-svn' encounters an SVN
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committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, 'git-svn'
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will abort operation. The user will then have to add the
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appropriate entry. Re-running the previous 'git-svn' command
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after the authors-file is modified should continue operation.
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config key: svn.authorsfile
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-q::
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--quiet::
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Make 'git-svn' less verbose. Specify a second time to make it
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even less verbose.
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--repack[=<n>]::
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--repack-flags=<flags>::
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These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches
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with many revisions.
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--repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions
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to fetch before repacking. This defaults to repacking every
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1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified.
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--repack-flags are passed directly to 'git-repack'.
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[verse]
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config key: svn.repack
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config key: svn.repackflags
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-m::
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--merge::
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-s<strategy>::
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--strategy=<strategy>::
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These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands.
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Passed directly to 'git-rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a
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'git-reset' cannot be used (see 'dcommit').
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-n::
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--dry-run::
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This can be used with the 'dcommit', 'rebase', 'branch' and 'tag'
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commands.
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For 'dcommit', print out the series of git arguments that would show
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which diffs would be committed to SVN.
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For 'rebase', display the local branch associated with the upstream svn
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repository associated with the current branch and the URL of svn
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repository that will be fetched from.
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For 'branch' and 'tag', display the urls that will be used for copying when
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creating the branch or tag.
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--
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ADVANCED OPTIONS
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----------------
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--
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-i<GIT_SVN_ID>::
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--id <GIT_SVN_ID>::
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This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment). This
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allows the user to override the default refname to fetch from
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when tracking a single URL. The 'log' and 'dcommit' commands
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no longer require this switch as an argument.
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-R<remote name>::
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--svn-remote <remote name>::
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Specify the [svn-remote "<remote name>"] section to use,
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this allows SVN multiple repositories to be tracked.
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Default: "svn"
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--follow-parent::
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This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
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that has been moved around within the repository, or if we
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started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was
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descended from. This feature is enabled by default, use
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--no-follow-parent to disable it.
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config key: svn.followparent
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--
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CONFIG FILE-ONLY OPTIONS
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------------------------
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--
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svn.noMetadata::
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svn-remote.<name>.noMetadata::
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This gets rid of the 'git-svn-id:' lines at the end of every commit.
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If you lose your .git/svn/git-svn/.rev_db file, 'git-svn' will not
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be able to rebuild it and you won't be able to fetch again,
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either. This is fine for one-shot imports.
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The 'git-svn log' command will not work on repositories using
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this, either. Using this conflicts with the 'useSvmProps'
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option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.
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svn.useSvmProps::
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svn-remote.<name>.useSvmProps::
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This allows 'git-svn' to re-map repository URLs and UUIDs from
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mirrors created using SVN::Mirror (or svk) for metadata.
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If an SVN revision has a property, "svm:headrev", it is likely
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that the revision was created by SVN::Mirror (also used by SVK).
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The property contains a repository UUID and a revision. We want
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to make it look like we are mirroring the original URL, so
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introduce a helper function that returns the original identity
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URL and UUID, and use it when generating metadata in commit
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messages.
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svn.useSvnsyncProps::
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svn-remote.<name>.useSvnsyncprops::
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Similar to the useSvmProps option; this is for users
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of the svnsync(1) command distributed with SVN 1.4.x and
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later.
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svn-remote.<name>.rewriteRoot::
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This allows users to create repositories from alternate
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URLs. For example, an administrator could run 'git-svn' on the
|
|
server locally (accessing via file://) but wish to distribute
|
|
the repository with a public http:// or svn:// URL in the
|
|
metadata so users of it will see the public URL.
|
|
|
|
svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround::
|
|
This disables potentially expensive checks to workaround broken symlinks
|
|
checked into SVN by broken clients. Set this option to "false" if you
|
|
track a SVN repository with many empty blobs that are not symlinks.
|
|
This option may be changed while "git-svn" is running and take effect on
|
|
the next revision fetched. If unset, git-svn assumes this option to be
|
|
"true".
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
Since the noMetadata, rewriteRoot, useSvnsyncProps and useSvmProps
|
|
options all affect the metadata generated and used by 'git-svn'; they
|
|
*must* be set in the configuration file before any history is imported
|
|
and these settings should never be changed once they are set.
|
|
|
|
Additionally, only one of these four options can be used per-svn-remote
|
|
section because they affect the 'git-svn-id:' metadata line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
BASIC EXAMPLES
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Clone a repo (like git clone):
|
|
git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project/trunk
|
|
# Enter the newly cloned directory:
|
|
cd trunk
|
|
# You should be on master branch, double-check with git-branch
|
|
git branch
|
|
# Do some work and commit locally to git:
|
|
git commit ...
|
|
# Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
|
|
# latest changes in SVN:
|
|
git svn rebase
|
|
# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
|
|
# as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
|
|
git svn dcommit
|
|
# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
|
|
git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project
|
|
(complete with a trunk, tags and branches):
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Clone a repo (like git clone):
|
|
git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T trunk -b branches -t tags
|
|
# View all branches and tags you have cloned:
|
|
git branch -r
|
|
# Create a new branch in SVN
|
|
git svn branch waldo
|
|
# Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk'
|
|
# with the appropriate name):
|
|
git reset --hard remotes/trunk
|
|
# You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time. The usage
|
|
# of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be the same as above.
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The initial 'git-svn clone' can be quite time-consuming
|
|
(especially for large Subversion repositories). If multiple
|
|
people (or one person with multiple machines) want to use
|
|
'git-svn' to interact with the same Subversion repository, you can
|
|
do the initial 'git-svn clone' to a repository on a server and
|
|
have each person clone that repository with 'git-clone':
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Do the initial import on a server
|
|
ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project
|
|
# Clone locally - make sure the refs/remotes/ space matches the server
|
|
mkdir project
|
|
cd project
|
|
git init
|
|
git remote add origin server:/pub/project
|
|
git config --add remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*'
|
|
git fetch
|
|
# Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched
|
|
git checkout -b master FETCH_HEAD
|
|
# Initialize git-svn locally (be sure to use the same URL and -T/-b/-t options as were used on server)
|
|
git svn init http://svn.example.com/project
|
|
# Pull the latest changes from Subversion
|
|
git svn rebase
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
Originally, 'git-svn' recommended that the 'remotes/git-svn' branch be
|
|
pulled or merged from. This is because the author favored
|
|
`git svn set-tree B` to commit a single head rather than the
|
|
`git svn set-tree A..B` notation to commit multiple commits.
|
|
|
|
If you use `git svn set-tree A..B` to commit several diffs and you do
|
|
not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should
|
|
use `git svn rebase` to update your work branch instead of `git pull` or
|
|
`git merge`. `pull`/`merge' can cause non-linear history to be flattened
|
|
when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing
|
|
previous commits in SVN.
|
|
|
|
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
|
|
-----------------
|
|
Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development
|
|
with Subversion can be cumbersome as a result. While 'git-svn' can track
|
|
copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a
|
|
standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened
|
|
inside git back upstream to SVN users. Therefore it is advised that
|
|
users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease
|
|
compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below).
|
|
|
|
CAVEATS
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with a less-capable system
|
|
(SVN), it is recommended that all 'git-svn' users clone, fetch and dcommit
|
|
directly from the SVN server, and avoid all 'git-clone'/'pull'/'merge'/'push'
|
|
operations between git repositories and branches. The recommended
|
|
method of exchanging code between git branches and users is
|
|
'git-format-patch' and 'git-am', or just 'dcommit'ing to the SVN repository.
|
|
|
|
Running 'git-merge' or 'git-pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you
|
|
plan to 'dcommit' from. Subversion does not represent merges in any
|
|
reasonable or useful fashion; so users using Subversion cannot see any
|
|
merges you've made. Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch
|
|
that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong
|
|
branch.
|
|
|
|
'git-clone' does not clone branches under the refs/remotes/ hierarchy or
|
|
any 'git-svn' metadata, or config. So repositories created and managed with
|
|
using 'git-svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done
|
|
at all.
|
|
|
|
Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you 'git-push' to
|
|
before 'dcommit' on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref
|
|
on the remote repository. This is generally considered bad practice,
|
|
see the linkgit:git-push[1] documentation for details.
|
|
|
|
Do not use the --amend option of linkgit:git-commit[1] on a change you've
|
|
already dcommitted. It is considered bad practice to --amend commits
|
|
you've already pushed to a remote repository for other users, and
|
|
dcommit with SVN is analogous to that.
|
|
|
|
BUGS
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Any unhandled
|
|
properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
|
|
|
|
Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
|
|
tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for
|
|
this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
|
|
the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Committing
|
|
renamed and copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough
|
|
for git to detect them.
|
|
|
|
CONFIGURATION
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
'git-svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
|
|
repository .git/config file. It is similar the core git
|
|
[remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
|
|
arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
|
|
and 'tags' keys. Since some SVN repositories are oddly
|
|
configured with multiple projects glob expansions such those
|
|
listed below are allowed:
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[svn-remote "project-a"]
|
|
url = http://server.org/svn
|
|
fetch = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
|
|
branches = branches/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
|
|
tags = tags/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind that the '*' (asterisk) wildcard of the local ref
|
|
(right of the ':') *must* be the farthest right path component;
|
|
however the remote wildcard may be anywhere as long as it's own
|
|
independent path component (surrounded by '/' or EOL). This
|
|
type of configuration is not automatically created by 'init' and
|
|
should be manually entered with a text-editor or using 'git-config'.
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
--------
|
|
linkgit:git-rebase[1]
|
|
|
|
Author
|
|
------
|
|
Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
|
|
|
|
Documentation
|
|
-------------
|
|
Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
|