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![Mark Rushakoff](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
"Can not" suggests one has the option to not do something, whereas "cannot" more strongly suggests something is disallowed or impossible. Noticed "can not", mistakenly used instead of "cannot" in git help glossary, then ran git grep 'can not' and found many other instances. Only files in the Documentation folder were modified. 'Can not' also occurs in some source code comments and some test assertion messages, and there is an error message and translation "can not move directory into itself" which I may fix and submit separately from the documentation change. Also noticed and fixed "is does" in git help fetch, but there are no other occurrences of that typo according to git grep. Signed-off-by: Mark Rushakoff <mark.rushakoff@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
264 lines
8.4 KiB
Plaintext
264 lines
8.4 KiB
Plaintext
git-pull(1)
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===========
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NAME
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----
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git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git pull' [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current
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branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for
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`git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`.
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More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given
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parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch
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heads into the current branch.
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With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
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<repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
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passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
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arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
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a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
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(e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
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but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
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Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
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"remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
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as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
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Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
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"`master`":
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------------
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A---B---C master on origin
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/
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D---E---F---G master
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^
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origin/master in your repository
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------------
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Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
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`master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
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until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
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result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
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and a log message from the user describing the changes.
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------------
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A---B---C origin/master
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/ \
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D---E---F---G---H master
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------------
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See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
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are presented and handled.
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In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
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`git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
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with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
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in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
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If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
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the merge will be automatically canceled and the work tree untouched.
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It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
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pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
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OPTIONS
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-------
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-q::
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--quiet::
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This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
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during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
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merging.
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-v::
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--verbose::
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Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
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--[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
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This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
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be fetched and updated, too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and
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linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
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+
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If the checkout is done via rebase, local submodule commits are rebased as well.
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+
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If the update is done via merge, the submodule conflicts are resolved and checked out.
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Options related to merging
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:git-pull: 1
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include::merge-options.txt[]
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-r::
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--rebase[=false|true|merges|preserve|interactive]::
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When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
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branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
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corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
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was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
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to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
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+
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When set to `merges`, rebase using `git rebase --rebase-merges` so that
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the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
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linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
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+
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When set to `preserve` (deprecated in favor of `merges`), rebase with the
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`--preserve-merges` option passed to `git rebase` so that locally created
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merge commits will not be flattened.
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+
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When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
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+
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When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase.
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+
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See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in
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linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
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`--rebase` instead of merging.
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+
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[NOTE]
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This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
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It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
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published that history already. Do *not* use this option
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unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
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--no-rebase::
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Override earlier --rebase.
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--autostash::
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--no-autostash::
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Before starting rebase, stash local modifications away (see
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linkgit:git-stash[1]) if needed, and apply the stash entry when
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done. `--no-autostash` is useful to override the `rebase.autoStash`
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configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
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+
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This option is only valid when "--rebase" is used.
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Options related to fetching
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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include::fetch-options.txt[]
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include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
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include::urls-remotes.txt[]
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include::merge-strategies.txt[]
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DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR
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-----------------
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Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
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Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
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origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
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present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
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`origin`.
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In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
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of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
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and if there is not any such variable, the value on the `URL:` line
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in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` is used.
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In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
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optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
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run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
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of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
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consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
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is consulted and its `Pull:` lines are used.
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In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
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section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
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------------
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refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
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------------
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A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
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what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
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must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
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branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
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`refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
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The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
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fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
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compatibility.
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If explicit refspecs were given on the command
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line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
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When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
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uses the refspec from the configuration or
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`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
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rules apply:
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. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
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branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
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remote site that is merged.
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. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
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. Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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* Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
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you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
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current branch:
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+
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------------------------------------------------
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$ git pull
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$ git pull origin
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------------------------------------------------
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Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
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but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
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branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
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* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
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------------------------------------------------
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$ git pull origin next
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------------------------------------------------
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This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
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does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
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branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
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+
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------------------------------------------------
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$ git fetch origin
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$ git merge origin/next
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------------------------------------------------
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If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
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would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
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include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
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BUGS
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----
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Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
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out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
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just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself cannot be
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fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
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having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
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version.
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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