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The new command "git switch" is added to avoid the confusion of one-command-do-all "git checkout" for new users. They are also helpful to avoid ambiguation context. For these reasons, promote it everywhere possible. This includes documentation, suggestions/advice from other commands... The "Checking out files" progress line in unpack-trees.c is also updated to "Updating files" to be neutral to both git-checkout and git-switch. Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
140 lines
4.9 KiB
Text
140 lines
4.9 KiB
Text
git-check-ref-format(1)
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=======================
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NAME
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----
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git-check-ref-format - Ensures that a reference name is well formed
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git check-ref-format' [--normalize]
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[--[no-]allow-onelevel] [--refspec-pattern]
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<refname>
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'git check-ref-format' --branch <branchname-shorthand>
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero
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status if it is not.
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A reference is used in Git to specify branches and tags. A
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branch head is stored in the `refs/heads` hierarchy, while
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a tag is stored in the `refs/tags` hierarchy of the ref namespace
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(typically in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` and `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`
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directories or, as entries in file `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`
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if refs are packed by `git gc`).
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Git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
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. They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory)
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grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
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dot `.` or end with the sequence `.lock`.
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. They must contain at least one `/`. This enforces the presence of a
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category like `heads/`, `tags/` etc. but the actual names are not
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restricted. If the `--allow-onelevel` option is used, this rule
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is waived.
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. They cannot have two consecutive dots `..` anywhere.
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. They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose
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values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`,
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caret `^`, or colon `:` anywhere.
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. They cannot have question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`, or open
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bracket `[` anywhere. See the `--refspec-pattern` option below for
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an exception to this rule.
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. They cannot begin or end with a slash `/` or contain multiple
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consecutive slashes (see the `--normalize` option below for an
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exception to this rule)
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. They cannot end with a dot `.`.
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. They cannot contain a sequence `@{`.
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. They cannot be the single character `@`.
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. They cannot contain a `\`.
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These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse
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reference names, pathname expansion by the shell when a reference name is used
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unquoted (by mistake), and also avoid ambiguities in certain
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reference name expressions (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]):
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. A double-dot `..` is often used as in `ref1..ref2`, and in some
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contexts this notation means `^ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in
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`ref1` and in `ref2`).
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. A tilde `~` and caret `^` are used to introduce the postfix
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'nth parent' and 'peel onion' operation.
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. A colon `:` is used as in `srcref:dstref` to mean "use srcref\'s
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value and store it in dstref" in fetch and push operations.
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It may also be used to select a specific object such as with
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'git cat-file': "git cat-file blob v1.3.3:refs.c".
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. at-open-brace `@{` is used as a notation to access a reflog entry.
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With the `--branch` option, the command takes a name and checks if
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it can be used as a valid branch name (e.g. when creating a new
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branch). But be cautious when using the
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previous checkout syntax that may refer to a detached HEAD state.
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The rule `git check-ref-format --branch $name` implements
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may be stricter than what `git check-ref-format refs/heads/$name`
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says (e.g. a dash may appear at the beginning of a ref component,
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but it is explicitly forbidden at the beginning of a branch name).
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When run with `--branch` option in a repository, the input is first
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expanded for the ``previous checkout syntax''
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`@{-n}`. For example, `@{-1}` is a way to refer the last thing that
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was checked out using "git switch" or "git checkout" operation.
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This option should be
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used by porcelains to accept this syntax anywhere a branch name is
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expected, so they can act as if you typed the branch name. As an
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exception note that, the ``previous checkout operation'' might result
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in a commit object name when the N-th last thing checked out was not
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a branch.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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--[no-]allow-onelevel::
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Controls whether one-level refnames are accepted (i.e.,
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refnames that do not contain multiple `/`-separated
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components). The default is `--no-allow-onelevel`.
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--refspec-pattern::
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Interpret <refname> as a reference name pattern for a refspec
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(as used with remote repositories). If this option is
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enabled, <refname> is allowed to contain a single `*`
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in the refspec (e.g., `foo/bar*/baz` or `foo/bar*baz/`
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but not `foo/bar*/baz*`).
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--normalize::
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Normalize 'refname' by removing any leading slash (`/`)
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characters and collapsing runs of adjacent slashes between
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name components into a single slash. If the normalized
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refname is valid then print it to standard output and exit
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with a status of 0, otherwise exit with a non-zero status.
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(`--print` is a deprecated way to spell `--normalize`.)
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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* Print the name of the previous thing checked out:
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+
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------------
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$ git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}
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------------
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* Determine the reference name to use for a new branch:
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+
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------------
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$ ref=$(git check-ref-format --normalize "refs/heads/$newbranch")||
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{ echo "we do not like '$newbranch' as a branch name." >&2 ; exit 1 ; }
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------------
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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