mirror of
https://github.com/git/git
synced 2024-08-28 12:09:19 +00:00
![Junio C Hamano](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
"git worktree list --porcelain" did not c-quote pathnames and lock reasons with unsafe bytes correctly, which is worked around by introducing NUL terminated output format with "-z". * pw/worktree-list-with-z: worktree: add -z option for list subcommand
506 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
506 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
git-worktree(1)
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
git-worktree - Manage multiple working trees
|
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
[verse]
|
|
'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock [--reason <string>]] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>]
|
|
'git worktree list' [-v | --porcelain [-z]]
|
|
'git worktree lock' [--reason <string>] <worktree>
|
|
'git worktree move' <worktree> <new-path>
|
|
'git worktree prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>]
|
|
'git worktree remove' [-f] <worktree>
|
|
'git worktree repair' [<path>...]
|
|
'git worktree unlock' <worktree>
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Manage multiple working trees attached to the same repository.
|
|
|
|
A git repository can support multiple working trees, allowing you to check
|
|
out more than one branch at a time. With `git worktree add` a new working
|
|
tree is associated with the repository, along with additional metadata
|
|
that differentiates that working tree from others in the same repository.
|
|
The working tree, along with this metadata, is called a "worktree".
|
|
|
|
This new worktree is called a "linked worktree" as opposed to the "main
|
|
worktree" prepared by linkgit:git-init[1] or linkgit:git-clone[1].
|
|
A repository has one main worktree (if it's not a bare repository) and
|
|
zero or more linked worktrees. When you are done with a linked worktree,
|
|
remove it with `git worktree remove`.
|
|
|
|
In its simplest form, `git worktree add <path>` automatically creates a
|
|
new branch whose name is the final component of `<path>`, which is
|
|
convenient if you plan to work on a new topic. For instance, `git
|
|
worktree add ../hotfix` creates new branch `hotfix` and checks it out at
|
|
path `../hotfix`. To instead work on an existing branch in a new worktree,
|
|
use `git worktree add <path> <branch>`. On the other hand, if you just
|
|
plan to make some experimental changes or do testing without disturbing
|
|
existing development, it is often convenient to create a 'throwaway'
|
|
worktree not associated with any branch. For instance,
|
|
`git worktree add -d <path>` creates a new worktree with a detached `HEAD`
|
|
at the same commit as the current branch.
|
|
|
|
If a working tree is deleted without using `git worktree remove`, then
|
|
its associated administrative files, which reside in the repository
|
|
(see "DETAILS" below), will eventually be removed automatically (see
|
|
`gc.worktreePruneExpire` in linkgit:git-config[1]), or you can run
|
|
`git worktree prune` in the main or any linked worktree to clean up any
|
|
stale administrative files.
|
|
|
|
If the working tree for a linked worktree is stored on a portable device
|
|
or network share which is not always mounted, you can prevent its
|
|
administrative files from being pruned by issuing the `git worktree lock`
|
|
command, optionally specifying `--reason` to explain why the worktree is
|
|
locked.
|
|
|
|
COMMANDS
|
|
--------
|
|
add <path> [<commit-ish>]::
|
|
|
|
Create a worktree at `<path>` and checkout `<commit-ish>` into it. The new worktree
|
|
is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except per-worktree
|
|
files such as `HEAD`, `index`, etc. As a convenience, `<commit-ish>` may
|
|
be a bare "`-`", which is synonymous with `@{-1}`.
|
|
+
|
|
If `<commit-ish>` is a branch name (call it `<branch>`) and is not found,
|
|
and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` are used, but there does
|
|
exist a tracking branch in exactly one remote (call it `<remote>`)
|
|
with a matching name, treat as equivalent to:
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree add --track -b <branch> <path> <remote>/<branch>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
If the branch exists in multiple remotes and one of them is named by
|
|
the `checkout.defaultRemote` configuration variable, we'll use that
|
|
one for the purposes of disambiguation, even if the `<branch>` isn't
|
|
unique across all remotes. Set it to
|
|
e.g. `checkout.defaultRemote=origin` to always checkout remote
|
|
branches from there if `<branch>` is ambiguous but exists on the
|
|
`origin` remote. See also `checkout.defaultRemote` in
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1].
|
|
+
|
|
If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used,
|
|
then, as a convenience, the new worktree is associated with a branch (call
|
|
it `<branch>`) named after `$(basename <path>)`. If `<branch>` doesn't
|
|
exist, a new branch based on `HEAD` is automatically created as if
|
|
`-b <branch>` was given. If `<branch>` does exist, it will be checked out
|
|
in the new worktree, if it's not checked out anywhere else, otherwise the
|
|
command will refuse to create the worktree (unless `--force` is used).
|
|
|
|
list::
|
|
|
|
List details of each worktree. The main worktree is listed first,
|
|
followed by each of the linked worktrees. The output details include
|
|
whether the worktree is bare, the revision currently checked out, the
|
|
branch currently checked out (or "detached HEAD" if none), "locked" if
|
|
the worktree is locked, "prunable" if the worktree can be pruned by the
|
|
`prune` command.
|
|
|
|
lock::
|
|
|
|
If a worktree is on a portable device or network share which is not always
|
|
mounted, lock it to prevent its administrative files from being pruned
|
|
automatically. This also prevents it from being moved or deleted.
|
|
Optionally, specify a reason for the lock with `--reason`.
|
|
|
|
move::
|
|
|
|
Move a worktree to a new location. Note that the main worktree or linked
|
|
worktrees containing submodules cannot be moved with this command. (The
|
|
`git worktree repair` command, however, can reestablish the connection
|
|
with linked worktrees if you move the main worktree manually.)
|
|
|
|
prune::
|
|
|
|
Prune worktree information in `$GIT_DIR/worktrees`.
|
|
|
|
remove::
|
|
|
|
Remove a worktree. Only clean worktrees (no untracked files and no
|
|
modification in tracked files) can be removed. Unclean worktrees or ones
|
|
with submodules can be removed with `--force`. The main worktree cannot be
|
|
removed.
|
|
|
|
repair [<path>...]::
|
|
|
|
Repair worktree administrative files, if possible, if they have become
|
|
corrupted or outdated due to external factors.
|
|
+
|
|
For instance, if the main worktree (or bare repository) is moved, linked
|
|
worktrees will be unable to locate it. Running `repair` in the main
|
|
worktree will reestablish the connection from linked worktrees back to the
|
|
main worktree.
|
|
+
|
|
Similarly, if the working tree for a linked worktree is moved without
|
|
using `git worktree move`, the main worktree (or bare repository) will be
|
|
unable to locate it. Running `repair` within the recently-moved worktree
|
|
will reestablish the connection. If multiple linked worktrees are moved,
|
|
running `repair` from any worktree with each tree's new `<path>` as an
|
|
argument, will reestablish the connection to all the specified paths.
|
|
+
|
|
If both the main worktree and linked worktrees have been moved manually,
|
|
then running `repair` in the main worktree and specifying the new `<path>`
|
|
of each linked worktree will reestablish all connections in both
|
|
directions.
|
|
|
|
unlock::
|
|
|
|
Unlock a worktree, allowing it to be pruned, moved or deleted.
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
-f::
|
|
--force::
|
|
By default, `add` refuses to create a new worktree when
|
|
`<commit-ish>` is a branch name and is already checked out by
|
|
another worktree, or if `<path>` is already assigned to some
|
|
worktree but is missing (for instance, if `<path>` was deleted
|
|
manually). This option overrides these safeguards. To add a missing but
|
|
locked worktree path, specify `--force` twice.
|
|
+
|
|
`move` refuses to move a locked worktree unless `--force` is specified
|
|
twice. If the destination is already assigned to some other worktree but is
|
|
missing (for instance, if `<new-path>` was deleted manually), then `--force`
|
|
allows the move to proceed; use `--force` twice if the destination is locked.
|
|
+
|
|
`remove` refuses to remove an unclean worktree unless `--force` is used.
|
|
To remove a locked worktree, specify `--force` twice.
|
|
|
|
-b <new-branch>::
|
|
-B <new-branch>::
|
|
With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at
|
|
`<commit-ish>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new worktree.
|
|
If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to `HEAD`.
|
|
By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already
|
|
exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to
|
|
`<commit-ish>`.
|
|
|
|
-d::
|
|
--detach::
|
|
With `add`, detach `HEAD` in the new worktree. See "DETACHED HEAD"
|
|
in linkgit:git-checkout[1].
|
|
|
|
--[no-]checkout::
|
|
By default, `add` checks out `<commit-ish>`, however, `--no-checkout` can
|
|
be used to suppress checkout in order to make customizations,
|
|
such as configuring sparse-checkout. See "Sparse checkout"
|
|
in linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
|
|
|
|
--[no-]guess-remote::
|
|
With `worktree add <path>`, without `<commit-ish>`, instead
|
|
of creating a new branch from `HEAD`, if there exists a tracking
|
|
branch in exactly one remote matching the basename of `<path>`,
|
|
base the new branch on the remote-tracking branch, and mark
|
|
the remote-tracking branch as "upstream" from the new branch.
|
|
+
|
|
This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the
|
|
`worktree.guessRemote` config option.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]track::
|
|
When creating a new branch, if `<commit-ish>` is a branch,
|
|
mark it as "upstream" from the new branch. This is the
|
|
default if `<commit-ish>` is a remote-tracking branch. See
|
|
`--track` in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
|
|
|
|
--lock::
|
|
Keep the worktree locked after creation. This is the
|
|
equivalent of `git worktree lock` after `git worktree add`,
|
|
but without a race condition.
|
|
|
|
-n::
|
|
--dry-run::
|
|
With `prune`, do not remove anything; just report what it would
|
|
remove.
|
|
|
|
--porcelain::
|
|
With `list`, output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts.
|
|
This format will remain stable across Git versions and regardless of user
|
|
configuration. It is recommended to combine this with `-z`.
|
|
See below for details.
|
|
|
|
-z::
|
|
Terminate each line with a NUL rather than a newline when
|
|
`--porcelain` is specified with `list`. This makes it possible
|
|
to parse the output when a worktree path contains a newline
|
|
character.
|
|
|
|
-q::
|
|
--quiet::
|
|
With `add`, suppress feedback messages.
|
|
|
|
-v::
|
|
--verbose::
|
|
With `prune`, report all removals.
|
|
+
|
|
With `list`, output additional information about worktrees (see below).
|
|
|
|
--expire <time>::
|
|
With `prune`, only expire unused worktrees older than `<time>`.
|
|
+
|
|
With `list`, annotate missing worktrees as prunable if they are older than
|
|
`<time>`.
|
|
|
|
--reason <string>::
|
|
With `lock` or with `add --lock`, an explanation why the worktree
|
|
is locked.
|
|
|
|
<worktree>::
|
|
Worktrees can be identified by path, either relative or absolute.
|
|
+
|
|
If the last path components in the worktree's path is unique among
|
|
worktrees, it can be used to identify a worktree. For example if you only
|
|
have two worktrees, at `/abc/def/ghi` and `/abc/def/ggg`, then `ghi` or
|
|
`def/ghi` is enough to point to the former worktree.
|
|
|
|
REFS
|
|
----
|
|
When using multiple worktrees, some refs are shared between all worktrees,
|
|
but others are specific to an individual worktree. One example is `HEAD`,
|
|
which is different for each worktree. This section is about the sharing
|
|
rules and how to access refs of one worktree from another.
|
|
|
|
In general, all pseudo refs are per-worktree and all refs starting with
|
|
`refs/` are shared. Pseudo refs are ones like `HEAD` which are directly
|
|
under `$GIT_DIR` instead of inside `$GIT_DIR/refs`. There are exceptions,
|
|
however: refs inside `refs/bisect` and `refs/worktree` are not shared.
|
|
|
|
Refs that are per-worktree can still be accessed from another worktree via
|
|
two special paths, `main-worktree` and `worktrees`. The former gives
|
|
access to per-worktree refs of the main worktree, while the latter to all
|
|
linked worktrees.
|
|
|
|
For example, `main-worktree/HEAD` or `main-worktree/refs/bisect/good`
|
|
resolve to the same value as the main worktree's `HEAD` and
|
|
`refs/bisect/good` respectively. Similarly, `worktrees/foo/HEAD` or
|
|
`worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad` are the same as
|
|
`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/foo/HEAD` and
|
|
`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad`.
|
|
|
|
To access refs, it's best not to look inside `$GIT_DIR` directly. Instead
|
|
use commands such as linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] or linkgit:git-update-ref[1]
|
|
which will handle refs correctly.
|
|
|
|
CONFIGURATION FILE
|
|
------------------
|
|
By default, the repository `config` file is shared across all worktrees.
|
|
If the config variables `core.bare` or `core.worktree` are present in the
|
|
common config file and `extensions.worktreeConfig` is disabled, then they
|
|
will be applied to the main worktree only.
|
|
|
|
In order to have worktree-specific configuration, you can turn on the
|
|
`worktreeConfig` extension, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git config extensions.worktreeConfig true
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
In this mode, specific configuration stays in the path pointed by `git
|
|
rev-parse --git-path config.worktree`. You can add or update
|
|
configuration in this file with `git config --worktree`. Older Git
|
|
versions will refuse to access repositories with this extension.
|
|
|
|
Note that in this file, the exception for `core.bare` and `core.worktree`
|
|
is gone. If they exist in `$GIT_DIR/config`, you must move
|
|
them to the `config.worktree` of the main worktree. You may also take this
|
|
opportunity to review and move other configuration that you do not want to
|
|
share to all worktrees:
|
|
|
|
- `core.worktree` should never be shared.
|
|
|
|
- `core.bare` should not be shared if the value is `core.bare=true`.
|
|
|
|
- `core.sparseCheckout` should not be shared, unless you are sure you
|
|
always use sparse checkout for all worktrees.
|
|
|
|
See the documentation of `extensions.worktreeConfig` in
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.
|
|
|
|
DETAILS
|
|
-------
|
|
Each linked worktree has a private sub-directory in the repository's
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/worktrees` directory. The private sub-directory's name is usually
|
|
the base name of the linked worktree's path, possibly appended with a
|
|
number to make it unique. For example, when `$GIT_DIR=/path/main/.git` the
|
|
command `git worktree add /path/other/test-next next` creates the linked
|
|
worktree in `/path/other/test-next` and also creates a
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next` directory (or `$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next1`
|
|
if `test-next` is already taken).
|
|
|
|
Within a linked worktree, `$GIT_DIR` is set to point to this private
|
|
directory (e.g. `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` in the example) and
|
|
`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` is set to point back to the main worktree's `$GIT_DIR`
|
|
(e.g. `/path/main/.git`). These settings are made in a `.git` file located at
|
|
the top directory of the linked worktree.
|
|
|
|
Path resolution via `git rev-parse --git-path` uses either
|
|
`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` depending on the path. For example, in the
|
|
linked worktree `git rev-parse --git-path HEAD` returns
|
|
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/HEAD` (not
|
|
`/path/other/test-next/.git/HEAD` or `/path/main/.git/HEAD`) while `git
|
|
rev-parse --git-path refs/heads/master` uses
|
|
`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`,
|
|
since refs are shared across all worktrees, except `refs/bisect` and
|
|
`refs/worktree`.
|
|
|
|
See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for more information. The rule of
|
|
thumb is do not make any assumption about whether a path belongs to
|
|
`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` when you need to directly access something
|
|
inside `$GIT_DIR`. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path.
|
|
|
|
If you manually move a linked worktree, you need to update the `gitdir` file
|
|
in the entry's directory. For example, if a linked worktree is moved
|
|
to `/newpath/test-next` and its `.git` file points to
|
|
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next`, then update
|
|
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/gitdir` to reference `/newpath/test-next`
|
|
instead. Better yet, run `git worktree repair` to reestablish the connection
|
|
automatically.
|
|
|
|
To prevent a `$GIT_DIR/worktrees` entry from being pruned (which
|
|
can be useful in some situations, such as when the
|
|
entry's worktree is stored on a portable device), use the
|
|
`git worktree lock` command, which adds a file named
|
|
`locked` to the entry's directory. The file contains the reason in
|
|
plain text. For example, if a linked worktree's `.git` file points
|
|
to `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` then a file named
|
|
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/locked` will prevent the
|
|
`test-next` entry from being pruned. See
|
|
linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for details.
|
|
|
|
When `extensions.worktreeConfig` is enabled, the config file
|
|
`.git/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree` is read after `.git/config` is.
|
|
|
|
LIST OUTPUT FORMAT
|
|
------------------
|
|
The `worktree list` command has two output formats. The default format shows the
|
|
details on a single line with columns. For example:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree list
|
|
/path/to/bare-source (bare)
|
|
/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master]
|
|
/path/to/other-linked-worktree 1234abc (detached HEAD)
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
The command also shows annotations for each worktree, according to its state.
|
|
These annotations are:
|
|
|
|
* `locked`, if the worktree is locked.
|
|
* `prunable`, if the worktree can be pruned via `git worktree prune`.
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree list
|
|
/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master]
|
|
/path/to/locked-worktree acbd5678 (brancha) locked
|
|
/path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc (detached HEAD) prunable
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
For these annotations, a reason might also be available and this can be
|
|
seen using the verbose mode. The annotation is then moved to the next line
|
|
indented followed by the additional information.
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree list --verbose
|
|
/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master]
|
|
/path/to/locked-worktree-no-reason abcd5678 (detached HEAD) locked
|
|
/path/to/locked-worktree-with-reason 1234abcd (brancha)
|
|
locked: worktree path is mounted on a portable device
|
|
/path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc1 (detached HEAD)
|
|
prunable: gitdir file points to non-existent location
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Note that the annotation is moved to the next line if the additional
|
|
information is available, otherwise it stays on the same line as the
|
|
worktree itself.
|
|
|
|
Porcelain Format
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
The porcelain format has a line per attribute. If `-z` is given then the lines
|
|
are terminated with NUL rather than a newline. Attributes are listed with a
|
|
label and value separated by a single space. Boolean attributes (like `bare`
|
|
and `detached`) are listed as a label only, and are present only
|
|
if the value is true. Some attributes (like `locked`) can be listed as a label
|
|
only or with a value depending upon whether a reason is available. The first
|
|
attribute of a worktree is always `worktree`, an empty line indicates the
|
|
end of the record. For example:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree list --porcelain
|
|
worktree /path/to/bare-source
|
|
bare
|
|
|
|
worktree /path/to/linked-worktree
|
|
HEAD abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234
|
|
branch refs/heads/master
|
|
|
|
worktree /path/to/other-linked-worktree
|
|
HEAD 1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234a
|
|
detached
|
|
|
|
worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-locked-no-reason
|
|
HEAD 5678abc5678abc5678abc5678abc5678abc5678c
|
|
branch refs/heads/locked-no-reason
|
|
locked
|
|
|
|
worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-locked-with-reason
|
|
HEAD 3456def3456def3456def3456def3456def3456b
|
|
branch refs/heads/locked-with-reason
|
|
locked reason why is locked
|
|
|
|
worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-prunable
|
|
HEAD 1233def1234def1234def1234def1234def1234b
|
|
detached
|
|
prunable gitdir file points to non-existent location
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Unless `-z` is used any "unusual" characters in the lock reason such as newlines
|
|
are escaped and the entire reason is quoted as explained for the
|
|
configuration variable `core.quotePath` (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
|
|
For Example:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree list --porcelain
|
|
...
|
|
locked "reason\nwhy is locked"
|
|
...
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
|
--------
|
|
You are in the middle of a refactoring session and your boss comes in and
|
|
demands that you fix something immediately. You might typically use
|
|
linkgit:git-stash[1] to store your changes away temporarily, however, your
|
|
working tree is in such a state of disarray (with new, moved, and removed
|
|
files, and other bits and pieces strewn around) that you don't want to risk
|
|
disturbing any of it. Instead, you create a temporary linked worktree to
|
|
make the emergency fix, remove it when done, and then resume your earlier
|
|
refactoring session.
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git worktree add -b emergency-fix ../temp master
|
|
$ pushd ../temp
|
|
# ... hack hack hack ...
|
|
$ git commit -a -m 'emergency fix for boss'
|
|
$ popd
|
|
$ git worktree remove ../temp
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
BUGS
|
|
----
|
|
Multiple checkout in general is still experimental, and the support
|
|
for submodules is incomplete. It is NOT recommended to make multiple
|
|
checkouts of a superproject.
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|