git/run-command.h
Jeff King ee4e22554f run-command: document use_shell option
It's unclear how run-command's use_shell option should impact the
arguments fed to a command. Plausibly it could mean that we glue all of
the arguments together into a string to pass to the shell, in which case
that opens the question of whether the caller needs to quote them.

But in fact we don't implement it that way (and even if we did, we'd
probably auto-quote the arguments as part of the glue step). And we must
not receive quoted arguments, because we might actually optimize out the
shell entirely (i.e., the caller does not even know if a shell will be
involved in the end or not).

Since this ambiguity may have been the cause of a recent bug, let's
document the option a bit.

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Reviewed-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2021-01-22 14:21:32 -08:00

487 lines
17 KiB
C

#ifndef RUN_COMMAND_H
#define RUN_COMMAND_H
#include "thread-utils.h"
#include "strvec.h"
/**
* The run-command API offers a versatile tool to run sub-processes with
* redirected input and output as well as with a modified environment
* and an alternate current directory.
*
* A similar API offers the capability to run a function asynchronously,
* which is primarily used to capture the output that the function
* produces in the caller in order to process it.
*/
/**
* This describes the arguments, redirections, and environment of a
* command to run in a sub-process.
*
* The caller:
*
* 1. allocates and clears (using child_process_init() or
* CHILD_PROCESS_INIT) a struct child_process variable;
* 2. initializes the members;
* 3. calls start_command();
* 4. processes the data;
* 5. closes file descriptors (if necessary; see below);
* 6. calls finish_command().
*
* Special forms of redirection are available by setting these members
* to 1:
*
* .no_stdin, .no_stdout, .no_stderr: The respective channel is
* redirected to /dev/null.
*
* .stdout_to_stderr: stdout of the child is redirected to its
* stderr. This happens after stderr is itself redirected.
* So stdout will follow stderr to wherever it is
* redirected.
*/
struct child_process {
/**
* The .argv member is set up as an array of string pointers (NULL
* terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
* without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
* the command name without the 'git-' prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.
*
* Note that the ownership of the memory pointed to by .argv stays with the
* caller, but it should survive until `finish_command` completes. If the
* .argv member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the .args
* `strvec` (so you may use one or the other, but you must use exactly
* one). The memory in .args will be cleaned up automatically during
* `finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
*
*/
const char **argv;
struct strvec args;
struct strvec env_array;
pid_t pid;
int trace2_child_id;
uint64_t trace2_child_us_start;
const char *trace2_child_class;
const char *trace2_hook_name;
/*
* Using .in, .out, .err:
* - Specify 0 for no redirections. No new file descriptor is allocated.
* (child inherits stdin, stdout, stderr from parent).
* - Specify -1 to have a pipe allocated as follows:
* .in: returns the writable pipe end; parent writes to it,
* the readable pipe end becomes child's stdin
* .out, .err: returns the readable pipe end; parent reads from
* it, the writable pipe end becomes child's stdout/stderr
* The caller of start_command() must close the returned FDs
* after it has completed reading from/writing to it!
* - Specify > 0 to set a channel to a particular FD as follows:
* .in: a readable FD, becomes child's stdin
* .out: a writable FD, becomes child's stdout/stderr
* .err: a writable FD, becomes child's stderr
* The specified FD is closed by start_command(), even in case
* of errors!
*/
int in;
int out;
int err;
/**
* To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
* specify it in the .dir member.
*/
const char *dir;
/**
* To modify the environment of the sub-process, specify an array of
* string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
*
* - If the string is of the form "VAR=value", i.e. it contains '='
* the variable is added to the child process's environment.
*
* - If the string does not contain '=', it names an environment
* variable that will be removed from the child process's environment.
*
* If the .env member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the
* .env_array `strvec` (so you may use one or the other, but not both).
* The memory in .env_array will be cleaned up automatically during
* `finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
*/
const char *const *env;
unsigned no_stdin:1;
unsigned no_stdout:1;
unsigned no_stderr:1;
unsigned git_cmd:1; /* if this is to be git sub-command */
/**
* If the program cannot be found, the functions return -1 and set
* errno to ENOENT. Normally, an error message is printed, but if
* .silent_exec_failure is set to 1, no message is printed for this
* special error condition.
*/
unsigned silent_exec_failure:1;
/**
* Run the command from argv[0] using a shell (but note that we may
* still optimize out the shell call if the command contains no
* metacharacters). Note that further arguments to the command in
* argv[1], etc, do not need to be shell-quoted.
*/
unsigned use_shell:1;
unsigned stdout_to_stderr:1;
unsigned clean_on_exit:1;
unsigned wait_after_clean:1;
void (*clean_on_exit_handler)(struct child_process *process);
void *clean_on_exit_handler_cbdata;
};
#define CHILD_PROCESS_INIT { NULL, STRVEC_INIT, STRVEC_INIT }
/**
* The functions: child_process_init, start_command, finish_command,
* run_command, run_command_v_opt, run_command_v_opt_cd_env, child_process_clear
* do the following:
*
* - If a system call failed, errno is set and -1 is returned. A diagnostic
* is printed.
*
* - If the program was not found, then -1 is returned and errno is set to
* ENOENT; a diagnostic is printed only if .silent_exec_failure is 0.
*
* - Otherwise, the program is run. If it terminates regularly, its exit
* code is returned. No diagnostic is printed, even if the exit code is
* non-zero.
*
* - If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
* signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell's $? would
* report. A diagnostic is printed.
*
*/
/**
* Initialize a struct child_process variable.
*/
void child_process_init(struct child_process *);
/**
* Release the memory associated with the struct child_process.
* Most users of the run-command API don't need to call this
* function explicitly because `start_command` invokes it on
* failure and `finish_command` calls it automatically already.
*/
void child_process_clear(struct child_process *);
int is_executable(const char *name);
/**
* Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a `struct child_process`
* that specifies the details and returns pipe FDs (if requested).
* See below for details.
*/
int start_command(struct child_process *);
/**
* Wait for the completion of a sub-process that was started with
* start_command().
*/
int finish_command(struct child_process *);
int finish_command_in_signal(struct child_process *);
/**
* A convenience function that encapsulates a sequence of
* start_command() followed by finish_command(). Takes a pointer
* to a `struct child_process` that specifies the details.
*/
int run_command(struct child_process *);
/*
* Returns the path to the hook file, or NULL if the hook is missing
* or disabled. Note that this points to static storage that will be
* overwritten by further calls to find_hook and run_hook_*.
*/
const char *find_hook(const char *name);
/**
* Run a hook.
* The first argument is a pathname to an index file, or NULL
* if the hook uses the default index file or no index is needed.
* The second argument is the name of the hook.
* The further arguments correspond to the hook arguments.
* The last argument has to be NULL to terminate the arguments list.
* If the hook does not exist or is not executable, the return
* value will be zero.
* If it is executable, the hook will be executed and the exit
* status of the hook is returned.
* On execution, .stdout_to_stderr and .no_stdin will be set.
*/
LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
int run_hook_le(const char *const *env, const char *name, ...);
int run_hook_ve(const char *const *env, const char *name, va_list args);
/*
* Trigger an auto-gc
*/
int run_auto_maintenance(int quiet);
#define RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN 1
#define RUN_GIT_CMD 2 /*If this is to be git sub-command */
#define RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR 4
#define RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE 8
#define RUN_USING_SHELL 16
#define RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT 32
#define RUN_WAIT_AFTER_CLEAN 64
/**
* Convenience functions that encapsulate a sequence of
* start_command() followed by finish_command(). The argument argv
* specifies the program and its arguments. The argument opt is zero
* or more of the flags `RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN`, `RUN_GIT_CMD`,
* `RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR`, or `RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE`
* that correspond to the members .no_stdin, .git_cmd,
* .stdout_to_stderr, .silent_exec_failure of `struct child_process`.
* The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
* corresponds to the member .env.
*/
int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt);
int run_command_v_opt_tr2(const char **argv, int opt, const char *tr2_class);
/*
* env (the environment) is to be formatted like environ: "VAR=VALUE".
* To unset an environment variable use just "VAR".
*/
int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const char *const *env);
int run_command_v_opt_cd_env_tr2(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir,
const char *const *env, const char *tr2_class);
/**
* Execute the given command, sending "in" to its stdin, and capturing its
* stdout and stderr in the "out" and "err" strbufs. Any of the three may
* be NULL to skip processing.
*
* Returns -1 if starting the command fails or reading fails, and otherwise
* returns the exit code of the command. Any output collected in the
* buffers is kept even if the command returns a non-zero exit. The hint fields
* gives starting sizes for the strbuf allocations.
*
* The fields of "cmd" should be set up as they would for a normal run_command
* invocation. But note that there is no need to set the in, out, or err
* fields; pipe_command handles that automatically.
*/
int pipe_command(struct child_process *cmd,
const char *in, size_t in_len,
struct strbuf *out, size_t out_hint,
struct strbuf *err, size_t err_hint);
/**
* Convenience wrapper around pipe_command for the common case
* of capturing only stdout.
*/
static inline int capture_command(struct child_process *cmd,
struct strbuf *out,
size_t hint)
{
return pipe_command(cmd, NULL, 0, out, hint, NULL, 0);
}
/*
* The purpose of the following functions is to feed a pipe by running
* a function asynchronously and providing output that the caller reads.
*
* It is expected that no synchronization and mutual exclusion between
* the caller and the feed function is necessary so that the function
* can run in a thread without interfering with the caller.
*
* The caller:
*
* 1. allocates and clears (memset(&asy, 0, sizeof(asy));) a
* struct async variable;
* 2. initializes .proc and .data;
* 3. calls start_async();
* 4. processes communicates with proc through .in and .out;
* 5. closes .in and .out;
* 6. calls finish_async().
*
* There are serious restrictions on what the asynchronous function can do
* because this facility is implemented by a thread in the same address
* space on most platforms (when pthreads is available), but by a pipe to
* a forked process otherwise:
*
* - It cannot change the program's state (global variables, environment,
* etc.) in a way that the caller notices; in other words, .in and .out
* are the only communication channels to the caller.
*
* - It must not change the program's state that the caller of the
* facility also uses.
*
*/
struct async {
/**
* The function pointer in .proc has the following signature:
*
* int proc(int in, int out, void *data);
*
* - in, out specifies a set of file descriptors to which the function
* must read/write the data that it needs/produces. The function
* *must* close these descriptors before it returns. A descriptor
* may be -1 if the caller did not configure a descriptor for that
* direction.
*
* - data is the value that the caller has specified in the .data member
* of struct async.
*
* - The return value of the function is 0 on success and non-zero
* on failure. If the function indicates failure, finish_async() will
* report failure as well.
*
*/
int (*proc)(int in, int out, void *data);
void *data;
/**
* The members .in, .out are used to provide a set of fd's for
* communication between the caller and the callee as follows:
*
* - Specify 0 to have no file descriptor passed. The callee will
* receive -1 in the corresponding argument.
*
* - Specify < 0 to have a pipe allocated; start_async() replaces
* with the pipe FD in the following way:
*
* .in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller
* writes; the readable end of the pipe becomes the function's
* in argument.
*
* .out: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
* reads; the writable end of the pipe becomes the function's
* out argument.
*
* The caller of start_async() must close the returned FDs after it
* has completed reading from/writing from them.
*
* - Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the function:
*
* .in: The FD must be readable; it becomes the function's in.
* .out: The FD must be writable; it becomes the function's out.
*
* The specified FD is closed by start_async(), even if it fails to
* run the function.
*/
int in; /* caller writes here and closes it */
int out; /* caller reads from here and closes it */
#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
pid_t pid;
#else
pthread_t tid;
int proc_in;
int proc_out;
#endif
int isolate_sigpipe;
};
/**
* Run a function asynchronously. Takes a pointer to a `struct
* async` that specifies the details and returns a set of pipe FDs
* for communication with the function. See below for details.
*/
int start_async(struct async *async);
/**
* Wait for the completion of an asynchronous function that was
* started with start_async().
*/
int finish_async(struct async *async);
int in_async(void);
int async_with_fork(void);
void check_pipe(int err);
/**
* This callback should initialize the child process and preload the
* error channel if desired. The preloading of is useful if you want to
* have a message printed directly before the output of the child process.
* pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed to run_processes_parallel.
* You can store a child process specific callback cookie in pp_task_cb.
*
* Even after returning 0 to indicate that there are no more processes,
* this function will be called again until there are no more running
* child processes.
*
* Return 1 if the next child is ready to run.
* Return 0 if there are currently no more tasks to be processed.
* To send a signal to other child processes for abortion,
* return the negative signal number.
*/
typedef int (*get_next_task_fn)(struct child_process *cp,
struct strbuf *out,
void *pp_cb,
void **pp_task_cb);
/**
* This callback is called whenever there are problems starting
* a new process.
*
* You must not write to stdout or stderr in this function. Add your
* message to the strbuf out instead, which will be printed without
* messing up the output of the other parallel processes.
*
* pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed into run_processes_parallel,
* pp_task_cb is the callback cookie as passed into get_next_task_fn.
*
* Return 0 to continue the parallel processing. To abort return non zero.
* To send a signal to other child processes for abortion, return
* the negative signal number.
*/
typedef int (*start_failure_fn)(struct strbuf *out,
void *pp_cb,
void *pp_task_cb);
/**
* This callback is called on every child process that finished processing.
*
* You must not write to stdout or stderr in this function. Add your
* message to the strbuf out instead, which will be printed without
* messing up the output of the other parallel processes.
*
* pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed into run_processes_parallel,
* pp_task_cb is the callback cookie as passed into get_next_task_fn.
*
* Return 0 to continue the parallel processing. To abort return non zero.
* To send a signal to other child processes for abortion, return
* the negative signal number.
*/
typedef int (*task_finished_fn)(int result,
struct strbuf *out,
void *pp_cb,
void *pp_task_cb);
/**
* Runs up to n processes at the same time. Whenever a process can be
* started, the callback get_next_task_fn is called to obtain the data
* required to start another child process.
*
* The children started via this function run in parallel. Their output
* (both stdout and stderr) is routed to stderr in a manner that output
* from different tasks does not interleave.
*
* start_failure_fn and task_finished_fn can be NULL to omit any
* special handling.
*/
int run_processes_parallel(int n,
get_next_task_fn,
start_failure_fn,
task_finished_fn,
void *pp_cb);
int run_processes_parallel_tr2(int n, get_next_task_fn, start_failure_fn,
task_finished_fn, void *pp_cb,
const char *tr2_category, const char *tr2_label);
#endif