While at it, correctly quote important words.
Signed-off-by: Kaartic Sivaraam <kaartic.sivaraam@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This patch aims to detangle (a) the usage of `git-submodule`
from (b) the concept of submodules and (c) how the actual
implementation looks like, such as where they are configured
and (d) what the best practices are.
To do so, move the conceptual parts of the 'git-submodule'
man page to a new man page gitsubmodules(7). This new page
is just like gitmodules(5), gitattributes(5), gitcredentials(7),
gitnamespaces(7), gittutorial(7), which introduce a concept
rather than explaining a specific command.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The "add" section for 'git-submodule' is redundant in its
description and the short synopsis line. Fix it.
Remove the redundant mentioning of the 'repository' argument
being mandatory.
The text is hard to read because of back-references, so remove
those.
Replace the word "humanish" by "canonical" as that conveys better
what we do to guess the path.
While at it, quote all occurrences of '.gitmodules' as that is an
important file in the submodule context, also link to it on its
first mention.
Helped-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kaartic Sivaraam <kaarticsivaraam91196@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Teach `submodule init` to initialize submodules which have been
configured to be active by setting 'submodule.active' with a pathspec.
Now if no path arguments are given and 'submodule.active' is configured,
`init` will initialize all submodules which have been configured to be
active. If no path arguments are given and 'submodule.active' is not
configured, then `init` will retain the old behavior of initializing all
submodules.
This allows users to record more complex patterns as it saves retyping
them whenever you invoke update.
Signed-off-by: Brandon Williams <bmwill@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When a submodule is initialized, the config variable 'submodule.<name>.url'
is set depending on the value of the same variable in the .gitmodules
file. When the URL indicates to be relative, then the url is computed
relative to its default remote. The default remote cannot be determined
accurately in all cases, such that it falls back to 'origin'.
The 'origin' remote may not exist, though. In that case we give up looking
for a suitable remote and we'll just assume it to be a local relative path.
This can be confusing to users as there is a lot of guessing involved,
which is not obvious to the user.
So in the corner case of assuming a local autoritative truth, warn the
user to lessen the confusion.
This behavior was introduced in 4d6893200 (submodule add: allow relative
repository path even when no url is set, 2011-06-06), which shared the
code with submodule-init and then ported to C in 3604242f08 (submodule:
port init from shell to C, 2016-04-15).
In case of submodule-add, this behavior makes sense in some use cases[1],
however for submodule-init there does not seem to be an immediate obvious
use case to fall back to a local submodule. However there might be, so
warn instead of die here.
While adding the warning, also clarify the behavior of relative URLs in
the documentation.
[1] e.g. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8721984/git-ignore-files-for-public-repository-but-not-for-private
"store a secret locally in a submodule, with no intention to publish it"
Reported-by: Shawn Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The documentation gives an example of the submodule foreach
command that uses both backticks and single-quotes. We stick
the whole thing inside "+" markers to make it monospace, but
the inside punctuation still needs escaping. We handle the
backticks with "{backtick}", and use backslash-escaping for
the single-quotes.
But we missed the escaping on the second quote. Fortunately,
asciidoc renders this unbalanced quote as we want (showing
the quote), but asciidoctor does not. We could fix it by
adding the missing backslash.
However, let's take a step back. Even when rendered
correctly, it's hard to read a long command stuck into the
middle of a paragraph, and the important punctuation is hard
to notice. Let's instead bump it into its own single-line
code block. That makes both the source and the rendered
result more readable, and as a bonus we don't have to worry
about quoting at all.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The documentation for the `git submodule update` command, repeats itself
for each update option, "This is done when <option> is given, or no
option is given and `submodule.<name>.update` is set to <string>.
Avoid these repetitive clauses by stating the command line options take
precedence over configured options.
Also add 'none' to the list of options instead of mentioning it in the
following running text and split the list into two parts, one that is
accessible via the command line and one that is only reachable via the
configuration variables.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When reading up on a subcommand of `git submodule <subcommand>`,
it is convenient to have its options nearby and not just at the
top of the man page. Add the options to each subcommand.
While at it, also document the `--checkout` option for `update`.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When a submodule has its git dir inside the working dir, the submodule
support for checkout that we plan to add in a later patch will fail.
Add functionality to migrate the git directory to be absorbed
into the superprojects git directory.
The newly added code in this patch is structured such that other areas of
Git can also make use of it. The code in the submodule--helper is a mere
wrapper and option parser for the function
`absorb_git_dir_into_superproject`, that takes care of embedding the
submodules git directory into the superprojects git dir. That function
makes use of the more abstract function for this use case
`relocate_gitdir`, which can be used by e.g. the worktree code eventually
to move around a git directory.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
4d7bc52b17 ("submodule update: allow '.' for branch value",
2016-08-03) adopted from Gerrit a feature to set "." as a special
value of "submodule.<name>.branch" in .gitmodules file to indicate
that the tracking branch in the submodule should be the same as the
current branch in the superproject.
Update the documentation to describe this.
Signed-off-by: Brandon Williams <bmwill@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Sometimes the history of a submodule is not considered important by
the projects upstream. To make it easier for downstream users, allow
a boolean field 'submodule.<name>.shallow' in .gitmodules, which can
be used to recommend whether upstream considers the history important.
This field is honored in the initial clone by default, it can be
ignored by giving the `--no-recommend-shallow` option.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Correct faulty recommendation to use "git submodule deinit ." when
de-initialising all submodules, which would result in a strange
error message in a pathological corner case.
* sb/submodule-deinit-all:
submodule deinit: require '--all' instead of '.' for all submodules
The discussion in [1] pointed out that '.' is a faulty suggestion as
there is a corner case where it fails:
> "submodule deinit ." may have "worked" in the sense that you would
> have at least one path in your tree and avoided this "nothing
> matches" most of the time. It would have still failed with the
> exactly same error if run in an empty repository, i.e.
>
> $ E=/var/tmp/x/empty && rm -fr "$E" && mkdir -p "$E" && cd "$E"
> $ git init
> $ rungit v2.6.6 submodule deinit .
> error: pathspec '.' did not match any file(s) known to git.
> Did you forget to 'git add'?
> $ >file && git add file
> $ rungit v2.6.6 submodule deinit .
> $ echo $?
> 0
So instead of a pathspec add the '--all' option to deinit all submodules
and add a test to check for the corner case of an empty repository.
The code only needs to learn about the '--all' option and doesn't
require further changes as `git submodule--helper list "$@"` will list
all submodules when "$@" is empty.
[1] http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/289535
Helped-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Expose possible parallelism either via the "--jobs" CLI parameter or
the "submodule.fetchJobs" setting.
By having the variable initialized to -1, we make sure 0 can be passed
into the parallel processing machine, which will then pick as many parallel
workers as there are CPUs.
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The git-submodule(1) is inconsistent. In the synopsis, it says:
git submodule [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
The description of the sync does not mention --recursive, and the
description of --recursive says that it is only available for foreach,
update and status.
The option was introduced (82f49f294c, Teach --recursive to submodule
sync, 2012-10-26) a while ago, so let's document it, too.
Reported-by: Per Cederqvist <cederp@opera.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
It's better to start the man page with a description of what
submodules actually are, instead of saying what they are not.
Reorder the paragraphs such that
- the first short paragraph introduces the submodule concept,
- the second paragraph highlights the usage of the submodule command,
- the third paragraph giving background information, and finally
- the fourth paragraph discusing alternatives such as subtrees and
remotes, which we don't want to be confused with.
This ordering deepens the knowledge on submodules with each paragraph.
First the basic questions like "How/what" will be answered, while the
underlying concepts will be taught at a later time.
Making sure it is not confused with subtrees and remotes is not really
enhancing knowledge of submodules itself, but rather painting the big
picture of git concepts, so you could also argue to have it as the second
paragraph. Personally I think this may confuse readers, specially
newcomers though.
Additionally to reordering the paragraphs, they have been slightly
reworded.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The documentation of 'git submodule update' has several problems:
1) It mentions that value 'none' of submodule.$name.update can be
overridden by --checkout, but other combinations of configuration
values and command line options are not mentioned.
2) The documentation of submodule.$name.update is scattered across three
places, which is confusing.
3) The documentation of submodule.$name.update in gitmodules.txt is
incorrect, because the code always uses the value from .git/config
and never from .gitmodules.
4) Documentation of --force was incomplete, because it is only effective
in case of checkout method of update.
Fix all these problems by documenting submodule.*.update in
git-submodule.txt and make everybody else refer to it.
Helped-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Helped-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Michal Sojka <sojkam1@fel.cvut.cz>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The "git submodule sync" command supports the --recursive flag, but
the documentation does not mention this. That flag is useful, for
example when a remote is changed in a submodule of a submodule.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Chen <charlesmchen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This reverts commit 23d25e48f5, as it is
broken for users who haven't opted into the new feature of checking
out submodule.*.branch with update mode set to checkout.
Ever since 941987a5 (git-submodule: give submodules proper names,
2007-06-11) introduced the ability to move a submodule from one path
to another inside its superproject tree without losing its identity,
we should have consistently used submodule.<name>.* to access
settings related to the named submodule.
Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Ever since 941987a5 (git-submodule: give submodules proper names,
2007-06-11) introduced the ability to move a submodule from one path
to another inside its superproject tree without losing its identity,
we should have consistently used submodule.<name>.* to access
settings related to the named submodule.
Reported-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Commit 322bb6e12f (add update 'none' flag to disable update of submodule
by default) added the '--checkout' option to "git submodule update" but
forgot to explicitly document it in synopsis, usage string and man page
(It is only mentioned implicitly in the man page). In 23d25e48 (submodule:
explicit local branch creation in module_clone) the synopsis of the man
page was updated, but the "OPTIONS" section of the man page and the usage
string of the git-submodule script still do not mention the '--checkout'
option.
Fix that by documenting this option in usage string and the "OPTIONS"
section of man page too. While at it group the update-mode options into
a single set in the usage string.
Reported-by: Matthijs Kooijman <matthijs@stdin.nl>
Signed-off-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Make it clear that there is no implicit floating going on; --remote
lets you explicitly integrate the upstream branch in your current
HEAD (just like running 'git pull' in the submodule). The only
distinction with the current 'git pull' is the config location and
setting used for the upstream branch, which is hopefully clear now.
Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The previous code only checked out branches in cmd_add. This commit
moves the branch-checkout logic into module_clone, where it can be
shared by cmd_add and cmd_update. I also update the initial checkout
command to use 'reset' to preserve branches setup during module_clone.
With this change, folks cloning submodules for the first time via:
$ git submodule update ...
will get a local branch instead of a detached HEAD, unless they are
using the default checkout-mode updates. This is a change from the
previous situation where cmd_update always used checkout-mode logic
(regardless of the requested update mode) for updates that triggered
an initial clone, which always resulted in a detached HEAD.
This commit does not change the logic for updates after the initial
clone, which will continue to create detached HEADs for checkout-mode
updates, and integrate remote work with the local HEAD (detached or
not) in other modes.
The motivation for the change is that developers doing local work
inside the submodule are likely to select a non-checkout-mode for
updates so their local work is integrated with upstream work.
Developers who are not doing local submodule work stick with
checkout-mode updates so any apparently local work is blown away
during updates. For example, if upstream rolls back the remote branch
or gitlinked commit to an earlier version, the checkout-mode developer
wants their old submodule checkout to be rolled back as well, instead
of getting a no-op merge/rebase with the rolled-back reference.
By using the update mode to distinguish submodule developers from
black-box submodule consumers, we can setup local branches for the
developers who will want local branches, and stick with detached HEADs
for the developers that don't care.
Testing
=======
In t7406, just-cloned checkouts now update to the gitlinked hash with
'reset', to preserve the local branch for situations where we're not
on a detached HEAD.
I also added explicit tests to t7406 for HEAD attachement after
cloning updates, showing that it depends on their update mode:
* Checkout-mode updates get detached HEADs
* Everyone else gets a local branch, matching the configured
submodule.<name>.branch and defaulting to master.
The 'initial-setup' tag makes it easy to reset the superproject to a
known state, as several earlier tests commit to submodules and commit
the changed gitlinks to the superproject, but don't push the new
submodule commits to the upstream subprojects. This makes it
impossible to checkout the current super master, because it references
submodule commits that don't exist in the upstream subprojects. For a
specific example, see the tests that currently generate the
'two_new_submodule_commits' commits.
Documentation
=============
I updated the docs to describe the 'submodule update' modes in detail.
The old documentation did not distinguish between cloning and
non-cloning updates and lacked clarity on which operations would lead
to detached HEADs, and which would not. The new documentation
addresses these issues while updating the docs to reflect the changes
introduced by this commit's explicit local branch creation in
module_clone.
I also add '--checkout' to the usage summary and group the update-mode
options into a single set.
Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
In addition to the choice from "rebase, merge, or checkout-detach",
allow a custom command to be used in "submodule update" to update
the working tree of submodules.
* cp/submodule-custom-update:
submodule update: allow custom command to update submodule working tree
Fix a typo ("remote remote-tracking") going back to the big cleanup
in 2010 (8b3f3f84 etc). Also, remove some more occurrences of
"tracking" and "remote tracking" in favor of "remote-tracking".
Signed-off-by: Michael Schubert <mschub@elegosoft.com>
Reviewed-by: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Add the --depth option to the add and update commands of "git submodule",
which is then passed on to the clone command. This is useful when the
submodule(s) are huge and you're not really interested in anything but
the latest commit.
Tests are added and some indention adjustments were made to conform to the
rest of the testfile on "submodule update can handle symbolic links in pwd".
Signed-off-by: Fredrik Gustafsson <iveqy@iveqy.com>
Acked-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Users can set submodule.$name.update to '!command' which will cause
'command' to be run instead of checkout/merge/rebase. This allows
the user finer-grained control over how the update is done.
The primary motivation for this was interoperability with stgit;
however being able to intercept the submodule update process may
prove useful for integrating with or extending other tools.
Signed-off-by: Chris Packham <judge.packham@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Describe how 'add' sets the submodule's logical name, which is used in
the configuration entry names.
Clarify that 'init' only sets up the configuration entries for
submodules that have already been added elsewhere. Describe that
<path> arguments limit the submodules that are configured.
Signed-off-by: Dale Worley <worley@ariadne.com>
Acked-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
There was no Porcelain way to say "I no longer am interested in
this submodule", once you express your interest in a submodule with
"submodule init". "submodule deinit" is the way to do so.
* jl/submodule-deinit:
submodule: add 'deinit' command
With "git submodule init" the user is able to tell git he cares about one
or more submodules and wants to have it populated on the next call to "git
submodule update". But currently there is no easy way he could tell git he
does not care about a submodule anymore and wants to get rid of his local
work tree (except he knows a lot about submodule internals and removes the
"submodule.$name.url" setting from .git/config together with the work tree
himself).
Help those users by providing a 'deinit' command. This removes the
whole submodule.<name> section from .git/config (either for the given
submodule(s) or for all those which have been initialized if '.' is used)
together with their work tree. Fail if the current work tree contains
modifications (unless forced), but don't complain when either the work
tree is already removed or no settings are found in .git/config.
Add tests and link the man pages of "git submodule deinit" and "git rm"
to assist the user in deciding whether removing or unregistering the
submodule is the right thing to do for him. Also add the deinit subcommand
to the completion list.
Signed-off-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
In commit 9db31bdf (submodule: Add --force option for git submodule
update, 2011-04-01) we added the option to the implementation's usage
synopsis but forgot to add it to the synopsis in the command
documentation. Add the option to the synopsis in the same location it
is reported in usage and re-wrap the options to avoid long lines.
Signed-off-by: Brad King <brad.king@kitware.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This allows you to easily record a submodule.<name>.branch option in
.gitmodules when you add a new submodule. With this patch,
$ git submodule add -b <branch> <repository> [<path>]
$ git config -f .gitmodules submodule.<path>.branch <branch>
reduces to
$ git submodule add -b <branch> <repository> [<path>]
This means that future calls to
$ git submodule update --remote ...
will get updates from the same branch that you used to initialize the
submodule, which is usually what you want.
Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The current `update` command incorporates the superproject's gitlinked
SHA-1 ($sha1) into the submodule HEAD ($subsha1). Depending on the
options you use, it may checkout $sha1, rebase the $subsha1 onto
$sha1, or merge $sha1 into $subsha1. This helps you keep up with
changes in the upstream superproject.
However, it's also useful to stay up to date with changes in the
upstream subproject. Previous workflows for incorporating such
changes include the ungainly:
$ git submodule foreach 'git checkout $(git config --file $toplevel/.gitmodules submodule.$name.branch) && git pull'
With this patch, all of the useful functionality for incorporating
superproject changes can be reused to incorporate upstream subproject
updates. When you specify --remote, the target $sha1 is replaced with
a $sha1 of the submodule's origin/master tracking branch. If you want
to merge a different tracking branch, you can configure the
`submodule.<name>.branch` option in `.gitmodules`. You can override
the `.gitmodules` configuration setting for a particular superproject
by configuring the option in that superproject's default configuration
(using the usual configuration hierarchy, e.g. `.git/config`,
`~/.gitconfig`, etc.).
Previous use of submodule.<name>.branch
=======================================
Because we're adding a new configuration option, it's a good idea to
check if anyone else is already using the option. The foreach-pull
example above was described by Ævar in
commit f030c96d86
Author: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Date: Fri May 21 16:10:10 2010 +0000
git-submodule foreach: Add $toplevel variable
Gerrit uses the same interpretation for the setting, but because
Gerrit has direct access to the subproject repositories, it updates
the superproject repositories automatically when a subproject changes.
Gerrit also accepts the special value '.', which it expands into the
superproject's branch name.
Although the --remote functionality is using `submodule.<name>.branch`
slightly differently, the effect is the same. The foreach-pull
example uses the option to record the name of the local branch to
checkout before pulls. The tracking branch to be pulled is recorded
in `.git/modules/<name>/config`, which was initialized by the module
clone during `submodule add` or `submodule init`. Because the branch
name stored in `submodule.<name>.branch` was likely the same as the
branch name used during the initial `submodule add`, the same branch
will be pulled in each workflow.
Implementation details
======================
In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
SHA-1. However, I didn't change the logic guarding the existing fetch:
if test -z "$nofetch"
then
# Run fetch only if $sha1 isn't present or it
# is not reachable from a ref.
(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" &&
( (rev=$(git rev-list -n 1 $sha1 --not --all 2>/dev/null) &&
test -z "$rev") || git-fetch)) ||
die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$path'")"
fi
There will not be a double-fetch, because the new $sha1 determined
after the `--remote` triggered fetch should always exist in the
repository. If it doesn't, it's because some racy process removed it
from the submodule's repository and we *should* be re-fetching.
Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
If you remove a submodule, in order to keep the repository so that
"git checkout" to an older commit in the superproject history can
resurrect the submodule, the real repository will stay in $GIT_DIR
of the superproject. A later "git submodule add $path" to add a
different submodule at the same path will fail. Diagnose this case
a bit better, and if the user really wants to add an unrelated
submodule at the same path, give the "--name" option to give it a
place in $GIT_DIR of the superproject that does not conflict with
the original submodule.
* jl/submodule-add-by-name:
submodule add: Fail when .git/modules/<name> already exists unless forced
Teach "git submodule add" the --name option
Use "-b <branch>" instead of "-b branch". This brings the usage
strings in line with other options, e.g. "--reference <repository>".
Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
"git submodule add" initializes the name of a submodule to its path. This
was ok as long as the .git directory lived inside the submodule's work
tree, but since 1.7.8 it is stored in the .git/modules/<name> directory of
the superproject, making the submodule name survive the removal of the
submodule's work tree. This leads to problems when the user tries to add a
different submodule at the same path - and thus the same name - later, as
that will happily try to restore the submodule from the old repository
instead of the one the user specified and will lead to a checkout of the
wrong repository.
Add the new "--name" option to let the user provide a name for the
submodule. This enables the user to solve this conflict without having to
remove .git/modules/<name> by hand (which is no viable solution as it
makes it impossible to checkout a commit that records the old submodule
and populate it, as that will still check out the new submodule for the
same reason).
To achieve that the submodule's name is added to the parameter list of
the module_clone() helper function. This makes it possible to remove the
call of module_name() there because both callers of module_clone() already
know the name and can provide it as argument number two.
Reported-by: Jonathan Johnson <me@jondavidjohn.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
