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Create a new manpage for the gitignore format, and reference it elsewhere
Only git-ls-files(1) describes the gitignore format in detail, and it does so with reference to git-ls-files options. Most users don't use the plumbing command git-ls-files directly, and shouldn't have to look in its manpage for information on the gitignore format. Create a new manpage gitignore(5) (Documentation/gitignore.txt), and factor out the gitignore documentation into that file, changing it to refer to .gitignore and $GIT_DIR/info/exclude as used by porcelain commands. Reference gitignore(5) from other relevant manpages and documentation. Remove now-redundant information on exclude patterns from git-ls-files(1), leaving only information on how git-ls-files options specify exclude patterns and what precedence they have. Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
This commit is contained in:
Josh Triplett
Junio C Hamano
parent
4159c57813
commit
cedb8d5d33
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ MAN1_TXT= \
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$(filter-out $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
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$(wildcard git-*.txt)) \
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gitk.txt
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MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt
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MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt
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MAN7_TXT=git.txt
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DOC_HTML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT))
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@ -266,7 +266,8 @@ Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
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core.excludeFile::
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In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and
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'.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns
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of files which are not meant to be tracked.
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of files which are not meant to be tracked. See
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gitlink:gitignore[5].
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alias.*::
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Command aliases for the gitlink:git[1] command wrapper - e.g.
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@ -139,46 +139,24 @@ Exclude Patterns
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'git-ls-files' can use a list of "exclude patterns" when
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traversing the directory tree and finding files to show when the
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flags --others or --ignored are specified.
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flags --others or --ignored are specified. gitlink:gitignore[5]
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specifies the format of exclude patterns.
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These exclude patterns come from these places:
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These exclude patterns come from these places, in order:
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1. command line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a single
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pattern.
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1. The command line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a
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single pattern. Patterns are ordered in the same order
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they appear in the command line.
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2. command line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a list of
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patterns stored in a file.
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2. The command line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a
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file containing a list of patterns. Patterns are ordered
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in the same order they appear in the file.
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3. command line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
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a name of the file in each directory 'git-ls-files'
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examines, and if exists, its contents are used as an
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additional list of patterns.
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An exclude pattern file used by (2) and (3) contains one pattern
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per line. A line that starts with a '#' can be used as comment
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for readability.
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There are three lists of patterns that are in effect at a given
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time. They are built and ordered in the following way:
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* --exclude=<pattern> from the command line; patterns are
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ordered in the same order as they appear on the command line.
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* lines read from --exclude-from=<file>; patterns are ordered
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in the same order as they appear in the file.
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* When --exclude-per-directory=<name> is specified, upon
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entering a directory that has such a file, its contents are
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appended at the end of the current "list of patterns". They
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are popped off when leaving the directory.
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Each pattern in the pattern list specifies "a match pattern" and
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optionally the fate; either a file that matches the pattern is
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considered excluded or included. A filename is matched against
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the patterns in the three lists; the --exclude-from list is
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checked first, then the --exclude-per-directory list, and then
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finally the --exclude list. The last match determines its fate.
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If there is no match in the three lists, the fate is "included".
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examines, normally `.gitignore`. Files in deeper
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directories take precedence. Patterns are ordered in the
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same order they appear in the files.
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A pattern specified on the command line with --exclude or read
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from the file specified with --exclude-from is relative to the
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@ -186,58 +164,9 @@ top of the directory tree. A pattern read from a file specified
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by --exclude-per-directory is relative to the directory that the
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pattern file appears in.
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An exclude pattern is of the following format:
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- an optional prefix '!' which means that the fate this pattern
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specifies is "include", not the usual "exclude"; the
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remainder of the pattern string is interpreted according to
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the following rules.
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- if it does not contain a slash '/', it is a shell glob
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pattern and used to match against the filename without
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leading directories.
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- otherwise, it is a shell glob pattern, suitable for
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consumption by fnmatch(3) with FNM_PATHNAME flag. I.e. a
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slash in the pattern must match a slash in the pathname.
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"Documentation/\*.html" matches "Documentation/git.html" but
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not "ppc/ppc.html". As a natural exception, "/*.c" matches
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"cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
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An example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ cat .git/info/exclude
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# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
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*.[oa]
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$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
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# ignore generated html files,
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*.html
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# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
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!foo.html
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$ git-ls-files --ignored \
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--exclude='Documentation/*.[0-9]' \
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--exclude-from=.git/info/exclude \
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--exclude-per-directory=.gitignore
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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Another example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ cat .gitignore
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vmlinux*
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$ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
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arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
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$ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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The second .gitignore keeps `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S` file
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from getting ignored.
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See Also
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--------
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gitlink:git-read-tree[1]
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gitlink:git-read-tree[1], gitlink:gitignore[5]
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Author
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@ -246,7 +175,7 @@ Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Documentation
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--------------
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Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
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Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Josh Triplett, and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
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GIT
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---
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@ -341,7 +341,8 @@ have finished your work-in-progress), attempt the merge again.
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See Also
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--------
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gitlink:git-write-tree[1]; gitlink:git-ls-files[1]
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gitlink:git-write-tree[1]; gitlink:git-ls-files[1];
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gitlink:gitignore[5]
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Author
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@ -42,11 +42,9 @@ mean the same thing and the latter is kept for backward
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compatibility) and `color.status.<slot>` configuration variables
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to colorize its output.
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As for gitlink:git-add[1], the configuration variable
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'core.excludesfile' can indicate a path to a file containing patterns
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of file names to exclude, in addition to patterns given in
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'info/exclude' and '.gitignore'.
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See Also
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--------
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gitlink:gitignore[5]
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Author
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------
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116
Documentation/gitignore.txt
Normal file
116
Documentation/gitignore.txt
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
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gitignore(5)
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============
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NAME
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----
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gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
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git should ignore. Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a
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pattern.
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When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
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`gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
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order of precedence:
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* Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
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variable 'core.excludesfile'.
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* Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
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* Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory
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as the path, or in any parent directory, ordered from the
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deepest such file to a file in the root of the repository.
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These patterns match relative to the location of the
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`.gitignore` file. A project normally includes such
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`.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for
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files generated as part of the project build.
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The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
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gitlink:git-ls-files[1] and gitlink:git-read-tree[1], read
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`gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
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files specified by command-line options. Higher-level git
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tools, such as gitlink:git-status[1] and gitlink:git-add[1],
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use patterns from the sources specified above.
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Patterns have the following format:
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- A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
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for readability.
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- A line starting with # serves as a comment.
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- An optional prefix '!' which negates the pattern; any
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matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
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included again.
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- If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
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a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
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pathname without leading directories.
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- Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
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for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
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wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
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For example, "Documentation/\*.html" matches
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"Documentation/git.html" but not
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"Documentation/ppc/ppc.html". A leading slash matches the
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beginning of the pathname; for example, "/*.c" matches
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"cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
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An example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ git-status
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[...]
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# Untracked files:
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[...]
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# Documentation/foo.html
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# Documentation/gitignore.html
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# file.o
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# lib.a
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# src/internal.o
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[...]
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$ cat .git/info/exclude
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# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
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*.[oa]
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$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
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# ignore generated html files,
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*.html
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# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
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!foo.html
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$ git-status
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[...]
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# Untracked files:
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[...]
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# Documentation/foo.html
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[...]
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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Another example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ cat .gitignore
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vmlinux*
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$ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
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arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
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$ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
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`arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
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Documentation
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-------------
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Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Josh Triplett,
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Frank Lichtenheld, and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
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GIT
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---
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Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
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@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ info/exclude::
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exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
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ignore file. `git status`, `git add`, `git rm` and `git
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clean` look at it but the core git commands do not look
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at it. See also: gitlink:git-ls-files[1] `--exclude-from`
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and `--exclude-per-directory`.
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at it. See also: gitlink:gitignore[5].
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remotes::
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Stores shorthands to be used to give URL and default
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@ -1103,12 +1103,12 @@ showing up in the output of "`git status`", etc.
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Git therefore provides "exclude patterns" for telling git which files to
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actively ignore. Exclude patterns are thoroughly explained in the
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"Exclude Patterns" section of the gitlink:git-ls-files[1] manual page,
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but the heart of the concept is simply a list of files which git should
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ignore. Entries in the list may contain globs to specify multiple files,
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or may be prefixed by "`!`" to explicitly include (un-ignore) a previously
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excluded (ignored) file (i.e. later exclude patterns override earlier ones).
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The following example should illustrate such patterns:
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gitlink:gitignore[5] manual page, but the heart of the concept is simply
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a list of files which git should ignore. Entries in the list may contain
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globs to specify multiple files, or may be prefixed by "`!`" to
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explicitly include (un-ignore) a previously excluded (ignored) file
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(i.e. later exclude patterns override earlier ones). The following
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example should illustrate such patterns:
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-------------------------------------------------
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# Lines starting with '#' are considered comments.
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