Merge branch 'en/ort-becomes-the-default'

Use `ort` instead of `recursive` as the default merge strategy.

* en/ort-becomes-the-default:
  Update docs for change of default merge backend
  Change default merge backend from recursive to ort

Documentation/git-rebase.txt

@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
 -s <strategy>::
 --strategy=<strategy>::
-	Use the given merge strategy, instead of the default
+	Use the given merge strategy, instead of the default `ort`.
-	`recursive`.  This implies `--merge`.
+	This implies `--merge`.
 +
 Because 'git rebase' replays each commit from the working branch
 on top of the <upstream> branch using the given strategy, using
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 --strategy-option=<strategy-option>::
 	Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy.
 	This implies `--merge` and, if no strategy has been
-	specified, `-s recursive`.  Note the reversal of 'ours' and
+	specified, `-s ort`.  Note the reversal of 'ours' and
 	'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ The `--rebase-merges` mode is similar in spirit to the deprecated
 where commits can be reordered, inserted and dropped at will.
 +
 It is currently only possible to recreate the merge commits using the
-`recursive` merge strategy; different merge strategies can be used only via
+`ort` merge strategy; different merge strategies can be used only via
 explicit `exec git merge -s <strategy> [...]` commands.
 +
 See also REBASING MERGES and INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
@@ -1216,16 +1216,16 @@ successful merge so that the user can edit the message.
 If a `merge` command fails for any reason other than merge conflicts (i.e.
 when the merge operation did not even start), it is rescheduled immediately.
 
-By default, the `merge` command will use the `recursive` merge
+By default, the `merge` command will use the `ort` merge strategy for
-strategy for regular merges, and `octopus` for octopus merges.  One
+regular merges, and `octopus` for octopus merges.  One can specify a
-can specify a default strategy for all merges using the `--strategy`
+default strategy for all merges using the `--strategy` argument when
-argument when invoking rebase, or can override specific merges in the
+invoking rebase, or can override specific merges in the interactive
-interactive list of commands by using an `exec` command to call `git
+list of commands by using an `exec` command to call `git merge`
-merge` explicitly with a `--strategy` argument.  Note that when
+explicitly with a `--strategy` argument.  Note that when calling `git
-calling `git merge` explicitly like this, you can make use of the fact
+merge` explicitly like this, you can make use of the fact that the
-that the labels are worktree-local refs (the ref `refs/rewritten/onto`
+labels are worktree-local refs (the ref `refs/rewritten/onto` would
-would correspond to the label `onto`, for example) in order to refer
+correspond to the label `onto`, for example) in order to refer to the
-to the branches you want to merge.
+branches you want to merge.
 
 Note: the first command (`label onto`) labels the revision onto which
 the commits are rebased; The name `onto` is just a convention, as a nod

Documentation/gitfaq.txt

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ best to always use a regular merge commit.
 
 [[merge-two-revert-one]]
 If I make a change on two branches but revert it on one, why does the merge of those branches include the change?::
-	By default, when Git does a merge, it uses a strategy called the recursive
+	By default, when Git does a merge, it uses a strategy called the `ort`
 	strategy, which does a fancy three-way merge.  In such a case, when Git
 	performs the merge, it considers exactly three points: the two heads and a
 	third point, called the _merge base_, which is usually the common ancestor of

Documentation/merge-options.txt

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ endif::git-pull[]
 	Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than
 	once to specify them in the order they should be tried.
 	If there is no `-s` option, a built-in list of strategies
-	is used instead (`recursive` when merging a single head,
+	is used instead (`ort` when merging a single head,
 	`octopus` otherwise).
 
 -X <option>::

Documentation/merge-strategies.txt

@@ -6,21 +6,23 @@ backend 'merge strategies' to be chosen with `-s` option.  Some strategies
 can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving `-X<option>`
 arguments to `git merge` and/or `git pull`.
 
-recursive::
+ort::
-	This can only resolve two heads using a 3-way merge
+	This is the default merge strategy when pulling or merging one
-	algorithm.  When there is more than one common
+	branch.  This strategy can only resolve two heads using a
-	ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a
+	3-way merge algorithm.  When there is more than one common
-	merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as
+	ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a merged
-	the reference tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been
+	tree of the common ancestors and uses that as the reference
-	reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without
+	tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been reported to result in
-	causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits
+	fewer merge conflicts without causing mismerges by tests done
-	taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history.
+	on actual merge commits taken from Linux 2.6 kernel
-	Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving
+	development history.  Additionally this strategy can detect
-	renames.  It does not make use of detected copies.  This
+	and handle merges involving renames.  It does not make use of
-	is the default merge strategy when pulling or merging one
+	detected copies.  The name for this algorithm is an acronym
-	branch.
+	("Ostensibly Recursive's Twin") and came from the fact that it
+	was written as a replacement for the previous default
+	algorithm, `recursive`.
 +
-The 'recursive' strategy can take the following options:
+The 'ort' strategy can take the following options:
 
 ours;;
 	This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by
@@ -36,16 +38,6 @@ theirs;;
 	This is the opposite of 'ours'; note that, unlike 'ours', there is
 	no 'theirs' merge strategy to confuse this merge option with.
 
-patience;;
-	Deprecated synonym for `diff-algorithm=patience`.
-
-diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
-	Use a different diff algorithm while merging, which can help
-	avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching lines
-	(such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
-	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.  Defaults to the
-	`diff.algorithm` config setting.
-
 ignore-space-change;;
 ignore-all-space;;
 ignore-space-at-eol;;
@@ -74,11 +66,6 @@ no-renormalize;;
 	Disables the `renormalize` option.  This overrides the
 	`merge.renormalize` configuration variable.
 
-no-renames;;
-	Turn off rename detection. This overrides the `merge.renames`
-	configuration variable.
-	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--no-renames`.
-
 find-renames[=<n>];;
 	Turn on rename detection, optionally setting the similarity
 	threshold.  This is the default. This overrides the
@@ -95,19 +82,39 @@ subtree[=<path>];;
 	is prefixed (or stripped from the beginning) to make the shape of
 	two trees to match.
 
-ort::
+recursive::
-	This is meant as a drop-in replacement for the `recursive`
+	This can only resolve two heads using a 3-way merge
-	algorithm (as reflected in its acronym -- "Ostensibly
+	algorithm.  When there is more than one common
-	Recursive's Twin"), and will likely replace it in the future.
+	ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a
-	It fixes corner cases that the `recursive` strategy handles
+	merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as
-	suboptimally, and is significantly faster in large
+	the reference tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been
-	repositories -- especially when many renames are involved.
+	reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without
+	causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits
+	taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history.
+	Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving
+	renames.  It does not make use of detected copies.  This was
+	the default strategy for resolving two heads from Git v0.99.9k
+	until v2.33.0.
 +
-The `ort` strategy takes all the same options as `recursive`.
+The 'recursive' strategy takes the same options as 'ort'.  However,
-However, it ignores three of those options: `no-renames`,
+there are three additional options that 'ort' ignores (not documented
-`patience` and `diff-algorithm`.  It always runs with rename
+above) that are potentially useful with the 'recursive' strategy:
-detection (it handles it much faster than `recursive` does), and
+
-it specifically uses `diff-algorithm=histogram`.
+patience;;
+	Deprecated synonym for `diff-algorithm=patience`.
+
+diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
+	Use a different diff algorithm while merging, which can help
+	avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching lines
+	(such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
+	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.  Note that `ort`
+	specifically uses `diff-algorithm=histogram`, while `recursive`
+	defaults to the `diff.algorithm` config setting.
+
+no-renames;;
+	Turn off rename detection. This overrides the `merge.renames`
+	configuration variable.
+	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--no-renames`.
 
 resolve::
 	This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch
@@ -131,13 +138,13 @@ ours::
 	the 'recursive' merge strategy.
 
 subtree::
-	This is a modified recursive strategy. When merging trees A and
+	This is a modified `ort` strategy. When merging trees A and
 	B, if B corresponds to a subtree of A, B is first adjusted to
 	match the tree structure of A, instead of reading the trees at
 	the same level. This adjustment is also done to the common
 	ancestor tree.
 
-With the strategies that use 3-way merge (including the default, 'recursive'),
+With the strategies that use 3-way merge (including the default, 'ort'),
 if a change is made on both branches, but later reverted on one of the
 branches, that change will be present in the merged result; some people find
 this behavior confusing.  It occurs because only the heads and the merge base

Documentation/user-manual.txt

@@ -3190,7 +3190,7 @@ that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
 not being pointed to by any commit or tree, so it's now a dangling blob
 object.
 
-Similarly, when the "recursive" merge strategy runs, and finds that
+Similarly, when the "ort" merge strategy runs, and finds that
 there are criss-cross merges and thus more than one merge base (which is
 fairly unusual, but it does happen), it will generate one temporary
 midway tree (or possibly even more, if you had lots of criss-crossing

builtin/merge.c

@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ static int autostash;
 static int no_verify;
 
 static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
-	{ "recursive",  DEFAULT_TWOHEAD | NO_TRIVIAL },
+	{ "recursive",  NO_TRIVIAL },
 	{ "octopus",    DEFAULT_OCTOPUS },
-	{ "ort",        NO_TRIVIAL },
+	{ "ort",        DEFAULT_TWOHEAD | NO_TRIVIAL },
 	{ "resolve",    0 },
 	{ "ours",       NO_FAST_FORWARD | NO_TRIVIAL },
 	{ "subtree",    NO_FAST_FORWARD | NO_TRIVIAL },
@@ -1485,6 +1485,12 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 	}
 
+	if (!use_strategies && !pull_twohead &&
+	    remoteheads && !remoteheads->next) {
+		char *default_strategy = getenv("GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM");
+		if (default_strategy)
+			append_strategy(get_strategy(default_strategy));
+	}
 	if (!use_strategies) {
 		if (!remoteheads)
 			; /* already up-to-date */

builtin/rebase.c

@@ -1713,7 +1713,7 @@ int cmd_rebase(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int i;
 
 		if (!options.strategy)
-			options.strategy = "recursive";
+			options.strategy = "ort";
 
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
 		for (i = 0; i < strategy_options.nr; i++)

sequencer.c

@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ static int do_recursive_merge(struct repository *r,
 	for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
 		parse_merge_opt(&o, opts->xopts[i]);
 
-	if (opts->strategy && !strcmp(opts->strategy, "ort")) {
+	if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "ort")) {
 		memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));
 		merge_incore_nonrecursive(&o, base_tree, head_tree, next_tree,
 					    &result);
@@ -3988,7 +3988,7 @@ static int do_merge(struct repository *r,
 	o.branch2 = ref_name.buf;
 	o.buffer_output = 2;
 
-	if (opts->strategy && !strcmp(opts->strategy, "ort")) {
+	if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "ort")) {
 		/*
 		 * TODO: Should use merge_incore_recursive() and
 		 * merge_switch_to_result(), skipping the call to