diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
index 27e267f532..016454749f 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ test_check_precond
test_expect_success 'creating page w/ >500 revisions' '
wiki_reset &&
- for i in `test_seq 501`
+ for i in $(test_seq 501)
do
echo "creating revision $i" &&
wiki_editpage foo "revision $i
" true
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
index d9a114995a..6546294f15 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ test_diff_directories () {
#
# Check that
contains exactly files
test_contains_N_files () {
- if test `ls -- "$1" | wc -l` -ne "$2"; then
+ if test $(ls -- "$1" | wc -l) -ne "$2"; then
echo "directory $1 should contain $2 files"
echo "it contains these files:"
ls "$1"
@@ -340,10 +340,10 @@ wiki_install () {
"http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/"\
"$MW_FILENAME. "\
"Please fix your connection and launch the script again."
- echo "$MW_FILENAME downloaded in `pwd`. "\
+ echo "$MW_FILENAME downloaded in $(pwd). "\
"You can delete it later if you want."
else
- echo "Reusing existing $MW_FILENAME downloaded in `pwd`."
+ echo "Reusing existing $MW_FILENAME downloaded in $(pwd)."
fi
archive_abs_path=$(pwd)/$MW_FILENAME
cd "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/" ||
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
index 66ce4b07c2..b22b710c26 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ test_expect_success 'add sub1' '
# Save this hash for testing later.
-subdir_hash=`git rev-parse HEAD`
+subdir_hash=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
create sub2 &&
diff --git a/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
index 5eb4a51643..8dc73ece15 100755
--- a/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
+++ b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ CONFFILE=~/.appprc
SEP="-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=# Don't remove this line #=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-"
if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] ; then
- LAST_DIR=`grep -m 1 "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}"|sed -e 's/^LAST_DIR=//'`
+ LAST_DIR=$(grep -m 1 "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}"|sed -e 's/^LAST_DIR=//')
cd "${LAST_DIR}"
else
cd > /dev/null
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ fi
cd - > /dev/null
-SUBJECT=`sed -n -e '/^Subject: /p' "${PATCH}"`
-HEADERS=`sed -e '/^'"${SEP}"'$/,$d' $1`
-BODY=`sed -e "1,/${SEP}/d" $1`
-CMT_MSG=`sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^---$/,$d' "${PATCH}"`
-DIFF=`sed -e '1,/^---$/d' "${PATCH}"`
+SUBJECT=$(sed -n -e '/^Subject: /p' "${PATCH}")
+HEADERS=$(sed -e '/^'"${SEP}"'$/,$d' $1)
+BODY=$(sed -e "1,/${SEP}/d" $1)
+CMT_MSG=$(sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^---$/,$d' "${PATCH}")
+DIFF=$(sed -e '1,/^---$/d' "${PATCH}")
CCS=`echo -e "$CMT_MSG\n$HEADERS" | sed -n -e 's/^Cc: \(.*\)$/\1,/gp' \
-e 's/^Signed-off-by: \(.*\)/\1,/gp'`
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ if [ "x${BODY}x" != "xx" ] ; then
fi
echo "$DIFF" >> $1
-LAST_DIR=`dirname "${PATCH}"`
+LAST_DIR=$(dirname "${PATCH}")
grep -v "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}" > "${CONFFILE}_"
echo "LAST_DIR=${LAST_DIR}" >> "${CONFFILE}_"
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
index 6cd8ebc534..cfc589dc15 100755
--- a/git-pull.sh
+++ b/git-pull.sh
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ do
-s|--s|--st|--str|--stra|--strat|--strate|--strateg|--strategy)
case "$#,$1" in
*,*=*)
- strategy=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'` ;;
+ strategy=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)') ;;
1,*)
usage ;;
*)
diff --git a/git-rebase--merge.sh b/git-rebase--merge.sh
index 71429fd743..6d77b3ca91 100644
--- a/git-rebase--merge.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--merge.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ continue_merge () {
die "$resolvemsg"
fi
- cmt=`cat "$state_dir/current"`
+ cmt=$(cat "$state_dir/current")
if ! git diff-index --quiet --ignore-submodules HEAD --
then
if ! git commit ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} --no-verify -C "$cmt"
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ echo "$onto_name" > "$state_dir/onto_name"
write_basic_state
msgnum=0
-for cmt in `git rev-list --reverse --no-merges "$revisions"`
+for cmt in $(git rev-list --reverse --no-merges "$revisions")
do
msgnum=$(($msgnum + 1))
echo "$cmt" > "$state_dir/cmt.$msgnum"
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index 4543815ffd..5c7a0a1a58 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -457,8 +457,8 @@ then
else
if test -z "$onto"
then
- empty_tree=`git hash-object -t tree /dev/null`
- onto=`git commit-tree $empty_tree ]
SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
OPTIONS_SPEC=
-START_DIR=`pwd`
+START_DIR=$(pwd)
. git-sh-setup
. git-sh-i18n
require_work_tree
diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh
index ebdfba6c94..ae152534f5 100755
--- a/git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ do
-b|--browser*|-t|--tool*)
case "$#,$1" in
*,*=*)
- browser=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+ browser=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
;;
1,*)
usage ;;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ do
-c|--config*)
case "$#,$1" in
*,*=*)
- conf=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+ conf=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
;;
1,*)
usage ;;
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ then
for opt in "$conf" "web.browser"
do
test -z "$opt" && continue
- browser="`git config $opt`"
+ browser="$(git config $opt)"
test -z "$browser" || break
done
if test -n "$browser" && ! valid_tool "$browser"; then
diff --git a/t/lib-credential.sh b/t/lib-credential.sh
index 957ae936e8..9e7d7962b0 100755
--- a/t/lib-credential.sh
+++ b/t/lib-credential.sh
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ helper_test_timeout() {
cat >askpass <<\EOF
#!/bin/sh
echo >&2 askpass: $*
-what=`echo $1 | cut -d" " -f1 | tr A-Z a-z | tr -cd a-z`
+what=$(echo $1 | cut -d" " -f1 | tr A-Z a-z | tr -cd a-z)
echo "askpass-$what"
EOF
chmod +x askpass
diff --git a/t/lib-cvs.sh b/t/lib-cvs.sh
index 5076718916..9b2bcfb1b0 100644
--- a/t/lib-cvs.sh
+++ b/t/lib-cvs.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fi
CVS="cvs -f"
export CVS
-cvsps_version=`cvsps -h 2>&1 | sed -ne 's/cvsps version //p'`
+cvsps_version=$(cvsps -h 2>&1 | sed -ne 's/cvsps version //p')
case "$cvsps_version" in
2.1 | 2.2*)
;;
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg.sh b/t/lib-gpg.sh
index 05824fa8e4..fd499e7c49 100755
--- a/t/lib-gpg.sh
+++ b/t/lib-gpg.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
#!/bin/sh
-gpg_version=`gpg --version 2>&1`
+gpg_version=$(gpg --version 2>&1)
if test $? = 127; then
say "You do not seem to have gpg installed"
else
diff --git a/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh b/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
index 6cb5b0d55b..5ee9211f98 100755
--- a/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ test_perf_large_repo
test_expect_success 'repack' '
git repack -ad &&
- PACK=`ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack | head -n1` &&
+ PACK=$(ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack | head -n1) &&
test -f "$PACK" &&
export PACK
'
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index bbc9cb60dd..2f3020342a 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ test_expect_success 'init --bare/--shared overrides system/global config' '
git init --bare --shared=0666 init-bare-shared-override &&
check_config init-bare-shared-override true unset &&
test x0666 = \
- x`git config -f init-bare-shared-override/config core.sharedRepository`
+ x$(git config -f init-bare-shared-override/config core.sharedRepository)
'
test_expect_success 'init honors global core.sharedRepository' '
test_config_global core.sharedRepository 0666 &&
git init shared-honor-global &&
test x0666 = \
- x`git config -f shared-honor-global/.git/config core.sharedRepository`
+ x$(git config -f shared-honor-global/.git/config core.sharedRepository)
'
test_expect_success 'init rejects insanely long --template' '
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ test_expect_success 'init prefers command line to GIT_DIR' '
test_expect_success 'init with separate gitdir' '
rm -rf newdir &&
git init --separate-git-dir realgitdir newdir &&
- echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+ echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
'
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
cd newdir &&
git init --separate-git-dir ../surrealgitdir
) &&
- echo "gitdir: `pwd`/surrealgitdir" >expected &&
+ echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/surrealgitdir" >expected &&
test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
test_path_is_dir surrealgitdir/refs &&
test_path_is_missing realgitdir/refs
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ test_expect_success 're-init to move gitdir' '
cd newdir &&
git init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir
) &&
- echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+ echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
'
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 're-init to move gitdir symlink' '
ln -s here .git &&
git init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir
) &&
- echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+ echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
test_cmp expected newdir/here &&
test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
diff --git a/t/t0010-racy-git.sh b/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
index e45a9e40e4..5657c5a87b 100755
--- a/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
+++ b/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ do
git update-index --add infocom
echo xyzzy >infocom
- files=`git diff-files -p`
+ files=$(git diff-files -p)
test_expect_success \
"Racy GIT trial #$trial part A" \
'test "" != "$files"'
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ do
echo xyzzy >cornerstone
git update-index --add cornerstone
- files=`git diff-files -p`
+ files=$(git diff-files -p)
test_expect_success \
"Racy GIT trial #$trial part B" \
'test "" != "$files"'
diff --git a/t/t0020-crlf.sh b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
index e526184a0b..d2e51a81bc 100755
--- a/t/t0020-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ test_expect_success setup '
git commit -m initial &&
- one=`git rev-parse HEAD:one` &&
- dir=`git rev-parse HEAD:dir` &&
- two=`git rev-parse HEAD:dir/two` &&
- three=`git rev-parse HEAD:three` &&
+ one=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one) &&
+ dir=$(git rev-parse HEAD:dir) &&
+ two=$(git rev-parse HEAD:dir/two) &&
+ three=$(git rev-parse HEAD:three) &&
for w in Some extra lines here; do echo $w; done >>one &&
git diff >patch.file &&
- patched=`git hash-object --stdin dump <<-\EOF &&
- whoami=`echo $0 | sed s/.*git-credential-//`
+ whoami=$(echo $0 | sed s/.*git-credential-//)
echo >&2 "$whoami: $*"
OIFS=$IFS
IFS==
diff --git a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
index babcdd2343..a0b79b4839 100755
--- a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
+++ b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
@@ -519,10 +519,10 @@ test_expect_success \
'rm -f .git/index F16 &&
echo F16 >F16 &&
git update-index --add F16 &&
- tree0=`git write-tree` &&
+ tree0=$(git write-tree) &&
echo E16 >F16 &&
git update-index F16 &&
- tree1=`git write-tree` &&
+ tree1=$(git write-tree) &&
read_tree_must_succeed -m $tree0 $tree1 $tree1 $tree0 &&
git ls-files --stage'
diff --git a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
index 3a24abf549..db1b6f5cf4 100755
--- a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ compare_change () {
}
check_cache_at () {
- clean_if_empty=`git diff-files -- "$1"`
+ clean_if_empty=$(git diff-files -- "$1")
case "$clean_if_empty" in
'') echo "$1: clean" ;;
?*) echo "$1: dirty" ;;
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ test_expect_success \
echo rezrov >rezrov &&
echo yomin >yomin &&
git update-index --add nitfol bozbar rezrov &&
- treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeH $treeH &&
git ls-tree $treeH &&
cat bozbar-new >bozbar &&
git update-index --add frotz bozbar --force-remove rezrov &&
git ls-files --stage >M.out &&
- treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeM $treeM &&
git ls-tree $treeM &&
git diff-tree $treeH $treeM'
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success \
'rm -f .git/index &&
echo DF >DF &&
git update-index --add DF &&
- treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeDF=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeDF $treeDF &&
git ls-tree $treeDF &&
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ test_expect_success \
mkdir DF &&
echo DF/DF >DF/DF &&
git update-index --add --remove DF DF/DF &&
- treeDFDF=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeDFDF=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeDFDF $treeDFDF &&
git ls-tree $treeDFDF &&
git ls-files --stage >DFDF.out'
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ test_expect_success \
'rm -f .git/index &&
: >a &&
git update-index --add a &&
- treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeM $treeM &&
git ls-tree $treeM &&
git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ test_expect_success \
git update-index --remove a &&
mkdir a &&
: >a/b &&
- treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeH $treeH &&
git ls-tree $treeH'
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ test_expect_success \
mkdir c &&
: >c/d &&
git update-index --add a c/d &&
- treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeM $treeM &&
git ls-tree $treeM &&
git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ test_expect_success \
mkdir a &&
: >a/b &&
git update-index --add --remove a a/b &&
- treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeH $treeH &&
git ls-tree $treeH'
diff --git a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
index a847709a13..fed877b20f 100755
--- a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ compare_change () {
}
check_cache_at () {
- clean_if_empty=`git diff-files -- "$1"`
+ clean_if_empty=$(git diff-files -- "$1")
case "$clean_if_empty" in
'') echo "$1: clean" ;;
?*) echo "$1: dirty" ;;
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ test_expect_success \
echo bozbar >bozbar &&
echo rezrov >rezrov &&
git update-index --add nitfol bozbar rezrov &&
- treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeH $treeH &&
git ls-tree $treeH &&
echo gnusto >bozbar &&
git update-index --add frotz bozbar --force-remove rezrov &&
git ls-files --stage >M.out &&
- treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeM $treeM &&
git ls-tree $treeM &&
sum bozbar frotz nitfol >M.sum &&
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ test_expect_success \
'rm -f .git/index &&
echo DF >DF &&
git update-index --add DF &&
- treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeDF=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeDF $treeDF &&
git ls-tree $treeDF &&
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ test_expect_success \
mkdir DF &&
echo DF/DF >DF/DF &&
git update-index --add --remove DF DF/DF &&
- treeDFDF=`git write-tree` &&
+ treeDFDF=$(git write-tree) &&
echo treeDFDF $treeDFDF &&
git ls-tree $treeDFDF &&
git ls-files --stage >DFDF.out'
diff --git a/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh b/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
index 8c6d67edda..b6111cd150 100755
--- a/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
+++ b/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='git read-tree --prefix test.
test_expect_success setup '
echo hello >one &&
git update-index --add one &&
- tree=`git write-tree` &&
+ tree=$(git write-tree) &&
echo tree is $tree
'
diff --git a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
index 3e72aff470..c70cf42300 100755
--- a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
+++ b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ test_expect_success 'two-way not clobbering' '
echo >file2 master creates untracked file2 &&
echo >subdir/file2 master creates untracked subdir/file2 &&
- if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u master side 2>&1`
+ if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u master side 2>&1)
then
echo should have complained
false
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ echo file2 >.gitignore
test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (1)' '
- if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1`
+ if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1)
then
echo should have complained
false
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (1)' '
test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (2)' '
- if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u --exclude-per-directory=foo --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1`
+ if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u --exclude-per-directory=foo --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1)
then
echo should have complained
false
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test_expect_success 'three-way not clobbering a working tree file' '
git checkout master &&
echo >file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
echo >subdir/file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
- if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u branch-point master side 2>&1`
+ if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u branch-point master side 2>&1)
then
echo should have complained
false
diff --git a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
index 6902320e81..62c0d25af4 100755
--- a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
+++ b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
@@ -20,27 +20,27 @@ test_expect_success setup '
test_expect_success 'update-index and ls-files' '
git update-index --add one &&
- case "`git ls-files`" in
+ case "$(git ls-files)" in
one) echo pass one ;;
*) echo bad one; exit 1 ;;
esac &&
(
cd dir &&
git update-index --add two &&
- case "`git ls-files`" in
+ case "$(git ls-files)" in
two) echo pass two ;;
*) echo bad two; exit 1 ;;
esac
) &&
- case "`git ls-files`" in
+ case "$(git ls-files)" in
dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass both ;;
*) echo bad; exit 1 ;;
esac
'
test_expect_success 'cat-file' '
- two=`git ls-files -s dir/two` &&
- two=`expr "$two" : "[0-7]* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)"` &&
+ two=$(git ls-files -s dir/two) &&
+ two=$(expr "$two" : "[0-7]* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)") &&
echo "$two" &&
git cat-file -p "$two" >actual &&
cmp dir/two actual &&
@@ -55,18 +55,18 @@ rm -f actual dir/actual
test_expect_success 'diff-files' '
echo a >>one &&
echo d >>dir/two &&
- case "`git diff-files --name-only`" in
+ case "$(git diff-files --name-only)" in
dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass top ;;
*) echo bad top; exit 1 ;;
esac &&
# diff should not omit leading paths
(
cd dir &&
- case "`git diff-files --name-only`" in
+ case "$(git diff-files --name-only)" in
dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass subdir ;;
*) echo bad subdir; exit 1 ;;
esac &&
- case "`git diff-files --name-only .`" in
+ case "$(git diff-files --name-only .)" in
dir/two) echo pass subdir limited ;;
*) echo bad subdir limited; exit 1 ;;
esac
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-files' '
'
test_expect_success 'write-tree' '
- top=`git write-tree` &&
+ top=$(git write-tree) &&
echo $top &&
(
cd dir &&
- sub=`git write-tree` &&
+ sub=$(git write-tree) &&
echo $sub &&
test "z$top" = "z$sub"
)
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout-index' '
test_expect_success 'read-tree' '
rm -f one dir/two &&
- tree=`git write-tree` &&
+ tree=$(git write-tree) &&
read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u "$tree" &&
cmp one original.one &&
cmp dir/two original.two &&
diff --git a/t/t1050-large.sh b/t/t1050-large.sh
index fd10528009..aea493646e 100755
--- a/t/t1050-large.sh
+++ b/t/t1050-large.sh
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git-show a large file' '
'
test_expect_success 'index-pack' '
- git clone file://"`pwd`"/.git foo &&
+ git clone file://"$(pwd)"/.git foo &&
GIT_DIR=non-existent git index-pack --strict --verify foo/.git/objects/pack/*.pack
'
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ test_expect_success 'repack' '
'
test_expect_success 'pack-objects with large loose object' '
- SHA1=`git hash-object huge` &&
+ SHA1=$(git hash-object huge) &&
test_create_repo loose &&
echo $SHA1 | git pack-objects --stdout |
GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT=0 GIT_DIR=loose/.git git unpack-objects &&
diff --git a/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh b/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
index a5e7e6b2ba..f372fc8ca8 100755
--- a/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
+++ b/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ test_expect_success 'stash pop after save --include-untracked leaves files untra
git stash pop &&
git status --porcelain >actual &&
test_cmp expect actual &&
- test "1" = "`cat file2`" &&
- test untracked = "`cat untracked/untracked`"
+ test "1" = "$(cat file2)" &&
+ test untracked = "$(cat untracked/untracked)"
'
git clean --force --quiet -d
diff --git a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
index e4ba6013e4..96941e94cc 100755
--- a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
+++ b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ then
fi
# create utf-8 variables
-Adiarnfc=`printf '\303\204'`
-Adiarnfd=`printf 'A\314\210'`
+Adiarnfc=$(printf '\303\204')
+Adiarnfd=$(printf 'A\314\210')
-Odiarnfc=`printf '\303\226'`
-Odiarnfd=`printf 'O\314\210'`
-AEligatu=`printf '\303\206'`
-Invalidu=`printf '\303\377'`
+Odiarnfc=$(printf '\303\226')
+Odiarnfd=$(printf 'O\314\210')
+AEligatu=$(printf '\303\206')
+Invalidu=$(printf '\303\377')
#Create a string with 255 bytes (decomposed)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Alongc=$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc #250 Byte
Alongc=$Alongc$AEligatu$AEligatu #254 Byte
test_expect_success "detect if nfd needed" '
- precomposeunicode=`git config core.precomposeunicode` &&
+ precomposeunicode=$(git config core.precomposeunicode) &&
test "$precomposeunicode" = true &&
git config core.precomposeunicode true
'
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ test_expect_success "respect git config --global core.precomposeunicode" '
git config --global core.precomposeunicode true &&
rm -rf .git &&
git init &&
- precomposeunicode=`git config core.precomposeunicode` &&
+ precomposeunicode=$(git config core.precomposeunicode) &&
test "$precomposeunicode" = "true"
'
diff --git a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
index 05911492ca..76f643b2c2 100755
--- a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
+++ b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ sed_script='s/\(:100644 100755\) \('"$_x40"'\) \2 /\1 X X /'
test_expect_success 'setup' '
echo frotz >rezrov &&
git update-index --add rezrov &&
- tree=`git write-tree` &&
+ tree=$(git write-tree) &&
echo $tree
'
diff --git a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
index 2bb973655b..bf07841866 100755
--- a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success \
mkdir path1 &&
echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
git update-index --add file0 path1/file1 &&
- tree=`git write-tree` &&
+ tree=$(git write-tree) &&
echo "$tree" &&
echo nitfol >file0 &&
echo yomin >path1/file1 &&
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff multiple wildcard pathspecs' '
mkdir path2 &&
echo rezrov >path2/file1 &&
git update-index --add path2/file1 &&
- tree3=`git write-tree` &&
+ tree3=$(git write-tree) &&
git diff --name-only $tree $tree3 -- "path2*1" "path1*1" >actual &&
cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
path1/file1
diff --git a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
index 1215ae544b..643d729157 100755
--- a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
@@ -67,18 +67,18 @@ test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' '
git diff >output &&
sed -e "s/-CIT/xCIT/"