Merge branch 'master' into np/index-pack

* master: (90 commits) gitweb: Better support for non-CSS aware web browsers gitweb: Output also empty patches in "commitdiff" view gitweb: Use git-for-each-ref to generate list of heads and/or tags for-each-ref: "creator" and "creatordate" fields Add --global option to git-repo-config. pack-refs: Store the full name of the ref even when packing only tags. git-clone documentation didn't mention --origin as equivalent of -o Minor grammar fixes for git-diff-index.txt link_temp_to_file: call adjust_shared_perm() only when we created the directory Remove uneccessarily similar printf() from print_ref_list() in builtin-branch pack-objects doesn't create random pack names branch: work in subdirectories. gitweb: Use 's' regexp modifier to secure against filenames with LF gitweb: Secure against commit-ish/tree-ish with the same name as path gitweb: esc_html() author in blame git-svnimport: support for partial imports link_temp_to_file: don't leave the path truncated on adjust_shared_perm failure Move deny_non_fast_forwards handling completely into receive-pack. revision traversal: --unpacked does not limit commit list anymore. Continue traversal when rev-list --unpacked finds a packed commit. ...
2024-08-24 10:15:51 +00:00 · 2006-11-03 00:23:52 -08:00 · 2006-11-03 00:23:52 -08:00 · 407e1d6e12
parent aac91b7eea 6255ef08ae
commit 407e1d6e12
64 changed files with 1898 additions and 727 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ git-name-rev
 git-mv
 git-pack-redundant
 git-pack-objects
+git-pack-refs
 git-parse-remote
 git-patch-id
 git-peek-remote
@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ git-shortlog
 git-show
 git-show-branch
 git-show-index
+git-show-ref
 git-ssh-fetch
 git-ssh-pull
 git-ssh-push
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@ -71,12 +71,16 @@ core.preferSymlinkRefs::
 	expect HEAD to be a symbolic link.

 core.logAllRefUpdates::
-	If true, `git-update-ref` will append a line to
-	"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" listing the new SHA1 and the date/time
-	of the update.	If the file does not exist it will be
-	created automatically.	This information can be used to
-	determine what commit was the tip of a branch "2 days ago".
-	This value is false by default (no logging).
+	Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
+	"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>", by appending the new and old
+	SHA1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
+	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
+	variable is set to true, missing "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>"
+	file is automatically created for branch heads.
+
+	This information can be used to determine what commit
+	was the tip of a branch "2 days ago".  This value is
+	false by default (no automated creation of log files).

 core.repositoryFormatVersion::
 	Internal variable identifying the repository format and layout
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	this option is used, neither the `origin` branch nor the
 	default `remotes/origin` file is created.

+--origin <name>::
 -o <name>::
 	Instead of using the branch name 'origin' to keep track
 	of the upstream repository, use <name> instead.  Note
--- a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ If '--cached' is specified, it allows you to ask:

 For example, let's say that you have worked on your working directory, updated
 some files in the index and are ready to commit. You want to see exactly
-*what* you are going to commit is without having to write a new tree
+*what* you are going to commit, without having to write a new tree
 object and compare it that way, and to do that, you just do

 	git-diff-index --cached HEAD
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ matches my working directory. But doing a "git-diff-index" does:
  -100644 blob    4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74        commit.c
  +100644 blob    4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74        git-commit.c

-You can trivially see that the above is a rename.
+You can see easily that the above is a rename.

 In fact, "git-diff-index --cached" *should* always be entirely equivalent to
 actually doing a "git-write-tree" and comparing that. Except this one is much
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@ -47,9 +47,8 @@ base-name::
 	<base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
 	When this option is used, the two files are written in
 	<base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA1> is a hash
-	of object names (currently in random order so it does
-	not have any useful meaning) to make the resulting
-	filename reasonably unique, and written to the standard
+	of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
+	based on the pack content, and written to the standard
 	output of the command.

 --stdout::
--- a/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt
@ -3,19 +3,19 @@ git-repo-config(1)

 NAME
 ----
-git-repo-config - Get and set options in .git/config
+git-repo-config - Get and set repository or global options.


 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git-repo-config' [type] name [value [value_regex]]
-'git-repo-config' [type] --replace-all name [value [value_regex]]
-'git-repo-config' [type] --get name [value_regex]
-'git-repo-config' [type] --get-all name [value_regex]
-'git-repo-config' [type] --unset name [value_regex]
-'git-repo-config' [type] --unset-all name [value_regex]
-'git-repo-config' -l | --list
+'git-repo-config' [--global] [type] name [value [value_regex]]
+'git-repo-config' [--global] [type] --replace-all name [value [value_regex]]
+'git-repo-config' [--global] [type] --get name [value_regex]
+'git-repo-config' [--global] [type] --get-all name [value_regex]
+'git-repo-config' [--global] [type] --unset name [value_regex]
+'git-repo-config' [--global] [type] --unset-all name [value_regex]
+'git-repo-config' [--global] -l | --list

 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@ -41,8 +41,9 @@ This command will fail if:
 . Can not write to .git/config,
 . no section was provided,
 . the section or key is invalid,
-. you try to unset an option which does not exist, or
-. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match.
+. you try to unset an option which does not exist,
+. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match, or
+. you use --global option without $HOME being properly set.


 OPTIONS
@ -64,14 +65,17 @@ OPTIONS
 --get-regexp::
 	Like --get-all, but interprets the name as a regular expression.

+--global::
+	Use global ~/.gitconfig file rather than the repository .git/config.
+
 --unset::
-	Remove the line matching the key from .git/config.
+	Remove the line matching the key from config file.

 --unset-all::
-	Remove all matching lines from .git/config.
+	Remove all matching lines from config file.

 -l, --list::
-	List all variables set in .git/config.
+	List all variables set in config file.


 ENVIRONMENT
@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ ENVIRONMENT

 GIT_CONFIG::
 	Take the configuration from the given file instead of .git/config.
+	Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig.

 GIT_CONFIG_LOCAL::
 	Currently the same as $GIT_CONFIG; when Git will support global
--- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+git-show-ref(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-show-ref - List references in a local repository
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git-show-ref' [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [-h|--head] [-d|--dereference]
+	     [-s|--hash] [--abbrev] [--tags] [--heads] [--] <pattern>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Displays references available in a local repository along with the associated
+commit IDs. Results can be filtered using a pattern and tags can be
+dereferenced into object IDs. Additionally, it can be used to test whether a
+particular ref exists.
+
+Use of this utility is encouraged in favor of directly accessing files under
+in the `.git` directory.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-h, --head::
+
+	Show the HEAD reference.
+
+--tags, --heads::
+
+	Limit to only "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These
+	options are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored
+	in "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
+
+-d, --dereference::
+
+	Dereference tags into object IDs as well. They will be shown with "^{}"
+	appended.
+
+-s, --hash::
+
+	Only show the SHA1 hash, not the reference name. When also using
+	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA1.
+
+--verify::
+
+	Enable stricter reference checking by requiring an exact ref path.
+	Aside from returning an error code of 1, it will also print an error
+	message if '--quiet' was not specified.
+
+--abbrev, --abbrev=len::
+
+	Abbreviate the object name.  When using `--hash`, you do
+	not have to say `--hash --abbrev`; `--hash=len` would do.
+
+-q, --quiet::
+
+	Do not print any results to stdout. When combined with '--verify' this
+	can be used to silently check if a reference exists.
+
+<pattern>::
+
+	Show references matching one or more patterns.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+The output is in the format: '<SHA-1 ID>' '<space>' '<reference name>'.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-ref --head --dereference
+832e76a9899f560a90ffd62ae2ce83bbeff58f54 HEAD
+832e76a9899f560a90ffd62ae2ce83bbeff58f54 refs/heads/master
+832e76a9899f560a90ffd62ae2ce83bbeff58f54 refs/heads/origin
+3521017556c5de4159da4615a39fa4d5d2c279b5 refs/tags/v0.99.9c
+6ddc0964034342519a87fe013781abf31c6db6ad refs/tags/v0.99.9c^{}
+055e4ae3ae6eb344cbabf2a5256a49ea66040131 refs/tags/v1.0rc4
+423325a2d24638ddcc82ce47be5e40be550f4507 refs/tags/v1.0rc4^{}
+...
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+When using --hash (and not --dereference) the output format is: '<SHA-1 ID>'
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-ref --heads --hash
+2e3ba0114a1f52b47df29743d6915d056be13278
+185008ae97960c8d551adcd9e23565194651b5d1
+03adf42c988195b50e1a1935ba5fcbc39b2b029b
+...
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+To show all references called "master", whether tags or heads or anything
+else, and regardless of how deep in the reference naming hierarchy they are,
+use:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	git show-ref master
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This will show "refs/heads/master" but also "refs/remote/other-repo/master",
+if such references exists.
+
+When using the '--verify' flag, the command requires an exact path:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	git show-ref --verify refs/heads/master
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+will only match the exact branch called "master".
+
+If nothing matches, gitlink:git-show-ref[1] will return an error code of 1,
+and in the case of verification, it will show an error message.
+
+For scripting, you can ask it to be quiet with the "--quiet" flag, which
+allows you to do things like
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	git-show-ref --quiet --verify -- "refs/heads/$headname" ||
+		echo "$headname is not a valid branch"
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+to check whether a particular branch exists or not (notice how we don't
+actually want to show any results, and we want to use the full refname for it
+in order to not trigger the problem with ambiguous partial matches).
+
+To show only tags, or only proper branch heads, use "--tags" and/or "--heads"
+respectively (using both means that it shows tags and heads, but not other
+random references under the refs/ subdirectory).
+
+To do automatic tag object dereferencing, use the "-d" or "--dereference"
+flag, so you can do
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	git show-ref --tags --dereference
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+to get a listing of all tags together with what they dereference.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+gitlink:git-ls-remote[1], gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]
+
+AUTHORS
+-------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
+Man page by Jonas Fonseca <fonseca@diku.dk>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
--- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ git-update-ref - update the object name stored in a ref safely

 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'git-update-ref' [-m <reason>] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>]
+'git-update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> <oldvalue> | <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>])

 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ possibly dereferencing the symbolic refs, after verifying that
 the current value of the <ref> matches <oldvalue>.
 E.g. `git-update-ref refs/heads/master <newvalue> <oldvalue>`
 updates the master branch head to <newvalue> only if its current
-value is <oldvalue>.
+value is <oldvalue>.  You can specify 40 "0" or an empty string
+as <oldvalue> to make sure that the ref you are creating does
+not exist.

 It also allows a "ref" file to be a symbolic pointer to another
 ref file by starting with the four-byte header sequence of
@ -49,6 +51,10 @@ for reading but not for writing (so we'll never write through a
 ref symlink to some other tree, if you have copied a whole
 archive by creating a symlink tree).

+With `-d` flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it
+still contains <oldvalue>.
+
+
 Logging Updates
 ---------------
 If config parameter "core.logAllRefUpdates" is true or the file
--- a/11
+++ b/11
@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ BASIC_CFLAGS =
 BASIC_LDFLAGS =

 SCRIPT_SH = \
-	git-bisect.sh git-branch.sh git-checkout.sh \
-	git-cherry.sh git-clean.sh git-clone.sh git-commit.sh \
+	git-bisect.sh git-checkout.sh \
+	git-clean.sh git-clone.sh git-commit.sh \
 	git-fetch.sh \
 	git-ls-remote.sh \
 	git-merge-one-file.sh git-parse-remote.sh \
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ PROGRAMS = \
 EXTRA_PROGRAMS =

 BUILT_INS = \
-	git-format-patch$X git-show$X git-whatchanged$X \
+	git-format-patch$X git-show$X git-whatchanged$X git-cherry$X \
 	git-get-tar-commit-id$X \
 	$(patsubst builtin-%.o,git-%$X,$(BUILTIN_OBJS))

@ -270,6 +270,7 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS = \
 	builtin-annotate.o \
 	builtin-apply.o \
 	builtin-archive.o \
+	builtin-branch.o \
 	builtin-cat-file.o \
 	builtin-checkout-index.o \
 	builtin-check-ref-format.o \
@ -310,7 +311,9 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS = \
 	builtin-update-ref.o \
 	builtin-upload-archive.o \
 	builtin-verify-pack.o \
-	builtin-write-tree.o
+	builtin-write-tree.o \
+	builtin-show-ref.o \
+	builtin-pack-refs.o

 GITLIBS = $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB)
 EXTLIBS = -lz
--- a/blame.c
+++ b/blame.c
@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "quote.h"

+#ifndef DEBUG
 #define DEBUG 0
+#endif

 static const char blame_usage[] =
 "git-blame [-c] [-l] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-p] [-S <revs-file>] [--] file [commit]\n"
@ -232,6 +234,9 @@ static void print_map(struct commit *cmit, struct commit *other)
 	    util2->num_lines ? util->num_lines : util2->num_lines;
 	int num;

+	if (print_map == NULL)
+		; /* to avoid "unused function" warning */
+
 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
 		printf("i: %d ", i);
 		num = -1;
--- a/builtin-branch.c
+++ b/builtin-branch.c
@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git branch"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ * Based on git-branch.sh by Junio C Hamano.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static const char builtin_branch_usage[] =
+"git-branch (-d | -D) <branchname> | [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>] | [-r]";
+
+
+static const char *head;
+static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+
+static int in_merge_bases(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			  struct commit *rev1,
+			  struct commit *rev2)
+{
+	struct commit_list *bases, *b;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	bases = get_merge_bases(rev1, rev2, 1);
+	for (b = bases; b; b = b->next) {
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, b->item->object.sha1)) {
+			ret = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	free_commit_list(bases);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force)
+{
+	struct commit *rev, *head_rev;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *name;
+	int i;
+
+	head_rev = lookup_commit_reference(head_sha1);
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(head, argv[i]))
+			die("Cannot delete the branch you are currently on.");
+
+		name = xstrdup(mkpath("refs/heads/%s", argv[i]));
+		if (!resolve_ref(name, sha1, 1, NULL))
+			die("Branch '%s' not found.", argv[i]);
+
+		rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (!rev || !head_rev)
+			die("Couldn't look up commit objects.");
+
+		/* This checks whether the merge bases of branch and
+		 * HEAD contains branch -- which means that the HEAD
+		 * contains everything in both.
+		 */
+
+		if (!force &&
+		    !in_merge_bases(sha1, rev, head_rev)) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"The branch '%s' is not a strict subset of your current HEAD.\n"
+				"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'.\n",
+				argv[i], argv[i]);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (delete_ref(name, sha1))
+			printf("Error deleting branch '%s'\n", argv[i]);
+		else
+			printf("Deleted branch %s.\n", argv[i]);
+
+		free(name);
+	}
+}
+
+static int ref_index, ref_alloc;
+static char **ref_list;
+
+static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags,
+		void *cb_data)
+{
+	if (ref_index >= ref_alloc) {
+		ref_alloc = alloc_nr(ref_alloc);
+		ref_list = xrealloc(ref_list, ref_alloc * sizeof(char *));
+	}
+
+	ref_list[ref_index++] = xstrdup(refname);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ref_cmp(const void *r1, const void *r2)
+{
+	return strcmp(*(char **)r1, *(char **)r2);
+}
+
+static void print_ref_list(int remote_only)
+{
+	int i;
+	char c;
+
+	if (remote_only)
+		for_each_remote_ref(append_ref, NULL);
+	else
+		for_each_branch_ref(append_ref, NULL);
+
+	qsort(ref_list, ref_index, sizeof(char *), ref_cmp);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ref_index; i++) {
+		c = ' ';
+		if (!strcmp(ref_list[i], head))
+			c = '*';
+
+		printf("%c %s\n", c, ref_list[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+static void create_branch(const char *name, const char *start,
+			  int force, int reflog)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char ref[PATH_MAX], msg[PATH_MAX + 20];
+
+	snprintf(ref, sizeof ref, "refs/heads/%s", name);
+	if (check_ref_format(ref))
+		die("'%s' is not a valid branch name.", name);
+
+	if (resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, NULL)) {
+		if (!force)
+			die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", name);
+		else if (!strcmp(head, name))
+			die("Cannot force update the current branch.");
+	}
+
+	if (get_sha1(start, sha1) ||
+	    (commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) == NULL)
+		die("Not a valid branch point: '%s'.", start);
+	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, NULL);
+	if (!lock)
+		die("Failed to lock ref for update: %s.", strerror(errno));
+
+	if (reflog) {
+		log_all_ref_updates = 1;
+		snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, "branch: Created from %s", start);
+	}
+
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg) < 0)
+		die("Failed to write ref: %s.", strerror(errno));
+}
+
+int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int delete = 0, force_delete = 0, force_create = 0, remote_only = 0;
+	int reflog = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (arg[0] != '-')
+			break;
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-d")) {
+			delete = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-D")) {
+			delete = 1;
+			force_delete = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-f")) {
+			force_create = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-r")) {
+			remote_only = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-l")) {
+			reflog = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		usage(builtin_branch_usage);
+	}
+
+	head = xstrdup(resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL));
+	if (!head)
+		die("Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref.");
+	if (strncmp(head, "refs/heads/", 11))
+		die("HEAD not found below refs/heads!");
+	head += 11;
+
+	if (delete)
+		delete_branches(argc - i, argv + i, force_delete);
+	else if (i == argc)
+		print_ref_list(remote_only);
+	else if (i == argc - 1)
+		create_branch(argv[i], head, force_create, reflog);
+	else if (i == argc - 2)
+		create_branch(argv[i], argv[i + 1], force_create, reflog);
+	else
+		usage(builtin_branch_usage);
+
+	return 0;
+}
--- a/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	FILE *in = stdin;
 	const char *sep = "";
 	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
-	const char *head, *current_branch;
+	const char *current_branch;

 	git_config(fmt_merge_msg_config);

@ -277,10 +277,7 @@ int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage(fmt_merge_msg_usage);

 	/* get current branch */
-	head = xstrdup(git_path("HEAD"));
-	current_branch = resolve_ref(head, head_sha1, 1);
-	current_branch += strlen(head) - 4;
-	free((char *)head);
+	current_branch = resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL);
 	if (!strncmp(current_branch, "refs/heads/", 11))
 		current_branch += 11;

--- a/builtin-for-each-ref.c
+++ b/builtin-for-each-ref.c
@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ static struct {
 	{ "taggername" },
 	{ "taggeremail" },
 	{ "taggerdate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "creator" },
+	{ "creatordate", FIELD_TIME },
 	{ "subject" },
 	{ "body" },
 	{ "contents" },
@ -401,6 +403,29 @@ static void grab_person(const char *who, struct atom_value *val, int deref, stru
 		else if (!strcmp(name + wholen, "date"))
 			grab_date(wholine, v);
 	}
+
+	/* For a tag or a commit object, if "creator" or "creatordate" is
+	 * requested, do something special.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(who, "tagger") && strcmp(who, "committer"))
+		return; /* "author" for commit object is not wanted */
+	if (!wholine)
+		wholine = find_wholine(who, wholen, buf, sz);
+	if (!wholine)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i];
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+
+		if (!strcmp(name, "creatordate"))
+			grab_date(wholine, v);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "creator"))
+			v->s = copy_line(wholine);
+	}
 }

 static void find_subpos(const char *buf, unsigned long sz, const char **sub, const char **body)
@ -585,24 +610,27 @@ static void get_value(struct refinfo *ref, int atom, struct atom_value **v)
 	*v = &ref->value[atom];
 }

-static struct refinfo **grab_array;
-static const char **grab_pattern;
-static int *grab_cnt;
+struct grab_ref_cbdata {
+	struct refinfo **grab_array;
+	const char **grab_pattern;
+	int grab_cnt;
+};

 /*
 * A call-back given to for_each_ref().  It is unfortunate that we
 * need to use global variables to pass extra information to this
 * function.
 */
-static int grab_single_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int grab_single_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
+	struct grab_ref_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
 	struct refinfo *ref;
 	int cnt;

-	if (*grab_pattern) {
+	if (*cb->grab_pattern) {
 		const char **pattern;
 		int namelen = strlen(refname);
-		for (pattern = grab_pattern; *pattern; pattern++) {
+		for (pattern = cb->grab_pattern; *pattern; pattern++) {
 			const char *p = *pattern;
 			int plen = strlen(p);

@ -626,25 +654,14 @@ static int grab_single_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	ref->refname = xstrdup(refname);
 	hashcpy(ref->objectname, sha1);

-	cnt = *grab_cnt;
-	grab_array = xrealloc(grab_array, sizeof(*grab_array) * (cnt + 1));
-	grab_array[cnt++] = ref;
-	*grab_cnt = cnt;
+	cnt = cb->grab_cnt;
+	cb->grab_array = xrealloc(cb->grab_array,
+				  sizeof(*cb->grab_array) * (cnt + 1));
+	cb->grab_array[cnt++] = ref;
+	cb->grab_cnt = cnt;
 	return 0;
 }

-static struct refinfo **grab_refs(const char **pattern, int *cnt)
-{
-	/* Sheesh, we really should make for-each-ref to take
-	 * callback data.
-	 */
-	*cnt = 0;
-	grab_pattern = pattern;
-	grab_cnt = cnt;
-	for_each_ref(grab_single_ref);
-	return grab_array;
-}
-
 static int cmp_ref_sort(struct ref_sort *s, struct refinfo *a, struct refinfo *b)
 {
 	struct atom_value *va, *vb;
@ -784,6 +801,7 @@ int cmd_for_each_ref(int ac, const char **av, char *prefix)
 	int maxcount = 0;
 	int quote_style = -1; /* unspecified yet */
 	struct refinfo **refs;
+	struct grab_ref_cbdata cbdata;

 	for (i = 1; i < ac; i++) {
 		const char *arg = av[i];
@ -855,7 +873,11 @@ int cmd_for_each_ref(int ac, const char **av, char *prefix)

 	verify_format(format);

-	refs = grab_refs(av + i, &num_refs);
+	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+	cbdata.grab_pattern = av + i;
+	for_each_ref(grab_single_ref, &cbdata);
+	refs = cbdata.grab_array;
+	num_refs = cbdata.grab_cnt;

 	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
 		if (used_atom[i][0] == '*') {
--- a/builtin-init-db.c
+++ b/builtin-init-db.c
@ -218,8 +218,8 @@ static void create_default_files(const char *git_dir, const char *template_path)
 	 * branch, if it does not exist yet.
 	 */
 	strcpy(path + len, "HEAD");
-	if (read_ref(path, sha1) < 0) {
-		if (create_symref(path, "refs/heads/master") < 0)
+	if (read_ref("HEAD", sha1) < 0) {
+		if (create_symref("HEAD", "refs/heads/master") < 0)
 			exit(1);
 	}

--- a/builtin-log.c
+++ b/builtin-log.c
@ -171,8 +171,11 @@ static void reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, int nr, int keep_subject)
 static int get_patch_id(struct commit *commit, struct diff_options *options,
 		unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->object.sha1, commit->object.sha1,
-			"", options);
+	if (commit->parents)
+		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->object.sha1,
+		               commit->object.sha1, "", options);
+	else
+		diff_root_tree_sha1(commit->object.sha1, "", options);
 	diffcore_std(options);
 	return diff_flush_patch_id(options, sha1);
 }
@ -437,3 +440,109 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	return 0;
 }

+static int add_pending_commit(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) == 0) {
+		struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (commit) {
+			commit->object.flags |= flags;
+			add_pending_object(revs, &commit->object, arg);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char cherry_usage[] =
+"git-cherry [-v] <upstream> [<head>] [<limit>]";
+int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct diff_options patch_id_opts;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+	const char *upstream;
+	const char *head = "HEAD";
+	const char *limit = NULL;
+	int verbose = 0;
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-v")) {
+		verbose = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	}
+
+	switch (argc) {
+	case 4:
+		limit = argv[3];
+		/* FALLTHROUGH */
+	case 3:
+		head = argv[2];
+		/* FALLTHROUGH */
+	case 2:
+		upstream = argv[1];
+		break;
+	default:
+		usage(cherry_usage);
+	}
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
+	revs.diff = 1;
+	revs.combine_merges = 0;
+	revs.ignore_merges = 1;
+	revs.diffopt.recursive = 1;
+
+	if (add_pending_commit(head, &revs, 0))
+		die("Unknown commit %s", head);
+	if (add_pending_commit(upstream, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
+		die("Unknown commit %s", upstream);
+
+	/* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
+	if (revs.pending.nr == 2) {
+		struct object_array_entry *o = revs.pending.objects;
+		if (hashcmp(o[0].item->sha1, o[1].item->sha1) == 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	get_patch_ids(&revs, &patch_id_opts, prefix);
+
+	if (limit && add_pending_commit(limit, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
+		die("Unknown commit %s", limit);
+
+	/* reverse the list of commits */
+	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
+		/* ignore merges */
+		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
+			continue;
+
+		commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
+	}
+
+	while (list) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		char sign = '+';
+
+		commit = list->item;
+		if (!get_patch_id(commit, &patch_id_opts, sha1) &&
+		    lookup_object(sha1))
+			sign = '-';
+
+		if (verbose) {
+			static char buf[16384];
+			pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, ~0,
+			                    buf, sizeof(buf), 0, NULL, NULL, 0);
+			printf("%c %s %s\n", sign,
+			       sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), buf);
+		}
+		else {
+			printf("%c %s\n", sign,
+			       sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		}
+
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
--- a/builtin-name-rev.c
+++ b/builtin-name-rev.c
@ -75,11 +75,10 @@ static void name_rev(struct commit *commit,
 	}
 }

-static int tags_only;
-
-static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	int tags_only = *(int*)cb_data;
 	int deref = 0;

 	if (tags_only && strncmp(path, "refs/tags/", 10))
@ -131,6 +130,7 @@ int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct object_array revs = { 0, 0, NULL };
 	int as_is = 0, all = 0, transform_stdin = 0;
+	int tags_only = 0;

 	git_config(git_default_config);

@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		add_object_array((struct object *)commit, *argv, &revs);
 	}

-	for_each_ref(name_ref);
+	for_each_ref(name_ref, &tags_only);

 	if (transform_stdin) {
 		char buffer[2048];
--- a/builtin-pack-refs.c
+++ b/builtin-pack-refs.c
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+static const char builtin_pack_refs_usage[] =
+"git-pack-refs [--all] [--prune]";
+
+struct ref_to_prune {
+	struct ref_to_prune *next;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct pack_refs_cb_data {
+	int prune;
+	int all;
+	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
+	FILE *refs_file;
+};
+
+static int do_not_prune(int flags)
+{
+	/* If it is already packed or if it is a symref,
+	 * do not prune it.
+	 */
+	return (flags & (REF_ISSYMREF|REF_ISPACKED));
+}
+
+static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			  int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
+
+	if (!cb->all && strncmp(path, "refs/tags/", 10))
+		return 0;
+	/* Do not pack the symbolic refs */
+	if (!(flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		fprintf(cb->refs_file, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
+	if (cb->prune && !do_not_prune(flags)) {
+		int namelen = strlen(path) + 1;
+		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
+		hashcpy(n->sha1, sha1);
+		strcpy(n->name, path);
+		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
+		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
+static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
+
+	if (lock) {
+		unlink(git_path("%s", r->name));
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+	}
+}
+
+static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		prune_ref(r);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct lock_file packed;
+
+int cmd_pack_refs(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int fd, i;
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
+
+	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--prune")) {
+			cbdata.prune = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
+			cbdata.all = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* perhaps other parameters later... */
+		break;
+	}
+	if (i != argc)
+		usage(builtin_pack_refs_usage);
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packed, git_path("packed-refs"), 1);
+	cbdata.refs_file = fdopen(fd, "w");
+	if (!cbdata.refs_file)
+		die("unable to create ref-pack file structure (%s)",
+		    strerror(errno));
+	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &cbdata);
+	fflush(cbdata.refs_file);
+	fsync(fd);
+	fclose(cbdata.refs_file);
+	if (commit_lock_file(&packed) < 0)
+		die("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file (%s)", strerror(errno));
+	if (cbdata.prune)
+		prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
+	return 0;
+}
--- a/builtin-prune.c
+++ b/builtin-prune.c
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static void walk_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 	}
 }

-static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!object)
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	revs.tree_objects = 1;

 	/* Add all external refs */
-	for_each_ref(add_one_ref);
+	for_each_ref(add_one_ref, NULL);

 	/* Add all refs from the index file */
 	add_cache_refs();
--- a/builtin-push.c
+++ b/builtin-push.c
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ static void add_refspec(const char *ref)
 	refspec_nr = nr;
 }

-static int expand_one_ref(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int expand_one_ref(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	/* Ignore the "refs/" at the beginning of the refname */
 	ref += 5;
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ static void expand_refspecs(void)
 	}
 	if (!tags)
 		return;
-	for_each_ref(expand_one_ref);
+	for_each_ref(expand_one_ref, NULL);
 }

 static void set_refspecs(const char **refs, int nr)
--- a/builtin-repo-config.c
+++ b/builtin-repo-config.c
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <regex.h>

 static const char git_config_set_usage[] =
-"git-repo-config [ --bool | --int ] [--get | --get-all | --get-regexp | --replace-all | --unset | --unset-all] name [value [value_regex]] | --list";
+"git-repo-config [ --global ] [ --bool | --int ] [--get | --get-all | --get-regexp | --replace-all | --unset | --unset-all] name [value [value_regex]] | --list";

 static char *key;
 static regex_t *key_regexp;
@ -139,7 +139,16 @@ int cmd_repo_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			type = T_BOOL;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--list") || !strcmp(argv[1], "-l"))
 			return git_config(show_all_config);
-		else
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--global")) {
+			char *home = getenv("HOME");
+			if (home) {
+				char *user_config = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
+				setenv("GIT_CONFIG", user_config, 1);
+				free(user_config);
+			} else {
+				die("$HOME not set");
+			}
+		} else
 			break;
 		argc--;
 		argv++;
--- a/builtin-rev-parse.c
+++ b/builtin-rev-parse.c
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static void show_default(void)
 	}
 }

-static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, refname);
 	return 0;
@ -299,19 +299,19 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
-				for_each_ref(show_reference);
+				for_each_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
-				for_each_branch_ref(show_reference);
+				for_each_branch_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
-				for_each_tag_ref(show_reference);
+				for_each_tag_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
-				for_each_remote_ref(show_reference);
+				for_each_remote_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-prefix")) {
--- a/builtin-show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin-show-branch.c
@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ static void sort_ref_range(int bottom, int top)
 	      compare_ref_name);
 }

-static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
 	int i;
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }

-static int append_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int append_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	unsigned char tmp[20];
 	int ofs = 11;
@ -380,14 +380,14 @@ static int append_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	 */
 	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp) || hashcmp(tmp, sha1))
 		ofs = 5;
-	return append_ref(refname + ofs, sha1);
+	return append_ref(refname + ofs, sha1, flag, cb_data);
 }

-static int append_tag_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int append_tag_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	if (strncmp(refname, "refs/tags/", 10))
 		return 0;
-	return append_ref(refname + 5, sha1);
+	return append_ref(refname + 5, sha1, flag, cb_data);
 }

 static const char *match_ref_pattern = NULL;
@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ static int count_slash(const char *s)
 	return cnt;
 }

-static int append_matching_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int append_matching_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	/* we want to allow pattern hold/<asterisk> to show all
 	 * branches under refs/heads/hold/, and v0.99.9? to show
@ -417,41 +417,39 @@ static int append_matching_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (fnmatch(match_ref_pattern, tail, 0))
 		return 0;
 	if (!strncmp("refs/heads/", refname, 11))
-		return append_head_ref(refname, sha1);
+		return append_head_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
 	if (!strncmp("refs/tags/", refname, 10))
-		return append_tag_ref(refname, sha1);
-	return append_ref(refname, sha1);
+		return append_tag_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
+	return append_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
 }

 static void snarf_refs(int head, int tag)
 {
 	if (head) {
 		int orig_cnt = ref_name_cnt;
-		for_each_ref(append_head_ref);
+		for_each_ref(append_head_ref, NULL);
 		sort_ref_range(orig_cnt, ref_name_cnt);
 	}
 	if (tag) {
 		int orig_cnt = ref_name_cnt;
-		for_each_ref(append_tag_ref);
+		for_each_ref(append_tag_ref, NULL);
 		sort_ref_range(orig_cnt, ref_name_cnt);
 	}
 }

-static int rev_is_head(char *head_path, int headlen, char *name,
+static int rev_is_head(char *head, int headlen, char *name,
 		       unsigned char *head_sha1, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int namelen;
-	if ((!head_path[0]) ||
+	if ((!head[0]) ||
 	    (head_sha1 && sha1 && hashcmp(head_sha1, sha1)))
 		return 0;
-	namelen = strlen(name);
-	if ((headlen < namelen) ||
-	    memcmp(head_path + headlen - namelen, name, namelen))
-		return 0;
-	if (headlen == namelen ||
-	    head_path[headlen - namelen - 1] == '/')
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
+	if (!strncmp(head, "refs/heads/", 11))
+		head += 11;
+	if (!strncmp(name, "refs/heads/", 11))
+		name += 11;
+	else if (!strncmp(name, "heads/", 6))
+		name += 6;
+	return !strcmp(head, name);
 }

 static int show_merge_base(struct commit_list *seen, int num_rev)
@ -495,7 +493,7 @@ static void append_one_rev(const char *av)
 {
 	unsigned char revkey[20];
 	if (!get_sha1(av, revkey)) {
-		append_ref(av, revkey);
+		append_ref(av, revkey, 0, NULL);
 		return;
 	}
 	if (strchr(av, '*') || strchr(av, '?') || strchr(av, '[')) {
@ -503,7 +501,7 @@ static void append_one_rev(const char *av)
 		int saved_matches = ref_name_cnt;
 		match_ref_pattern = av;
 		match_ref_slash = count_slash(av);
-		for_each_ref(append_matching_ref);
+		for_each_ref(append_matching_ref, NULL);
 		if (saved_matches == ref_name_cnt &&
 		    ref_name_cnt < MAX_REVS)
 			error("no matching refs with %s", av);
@ -559,9 +557,9 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	int all_heads = 0, all_tags = 0;
 	int all_mask, all_revs;
 	int lifo = 1;
-	char head_path[128];
-	const char *head_path_p;
-	int head_path_len;
+	char head[128];
+	const char *head_p;
+	int head_len;
 	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 	int merge_base = 0;
 	int independent = 0;
@ -638,31 +636,31 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 		ac--; av++;
 	}

-	head_path_p = resolve_ref(git_path("HEAD"), head_sha1, 1);
-	if (head_path_p) {
-		head_path_len = strlen(head_path_p);
-		memcpy(head_path, head_path_p, head_path_len + 1);
+	head_p = resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL);
+	if (head_p) {
+		head_len = strlen(head_p);
+		memcpy(head, head_p, head_len + 1);
 	}
 	else {
-		head_path_len = 0;
-		head_path[0] = 0;
+		head_len = 0;
+		head[0] = 0;
 	}

-	if (with_current_branch && head_path_p) {
+	if (with_current_branch && head_p) {
 		int has_head = 0;
 		for (i = 0; !has_head && i < ref_name_cnt; i++) {
 			/* We are only interested in adding the branch
 			 * HEAD points at.
 			 */
-			if (rev_is_head(head_path,
-					head_path_len,
+			if (rev_is_head(head,
+					head_len,
 					ref_name[i],
 					head_sha1, NULL))
 				has_head++;
 		}
 		if (!has_head) {
-			int pfxlen = strlen(git_path("refs/heads/"));
-			append_one_rev(head_path + pfxlen);
+			int pfxlen = strlen("refs/heads/");
+			append_one_rev(head + pfxlen);
 		}
 	}

@ -713,8 +711,8 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	if (1 < num_rev || extra < 0) {
 		for (i = 0; i < num_rev; i++) {
 			int j;
-			int is_head = rev_is_head(head_path,
-						  head_path_len,
+			int is_head = rev_is_head(head,
+						  head_len,
 						  ref_name[i],
 						  head_sha1,
 						  rev[i]->object.sha1);
--- a/builtin-show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin-show-ref.c
@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+
+static const char show_ref_usage[] = "git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [-h|--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash[=<length>]] [--abbrev[=<length>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*]";
+
+static int deref_tags = 0, show_head = 0, tags_only = 0, heads_only = 0,
+	found_match = 0, verify = 0, quiet = 0, hash_only = 0, abbrev = 0;
+static const char **pattern;
+
+static int show_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	const char *hex;
+
+	if (tags_only || heads_only) {
+		int match;
+
+		match = heads_only && !strncmp(refname, "refs/heads/", 11);
+		match |= tags_only && !strncmp(refname, "refs/tags/", 10);
+		if (!match)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (pattern) {
+		int reflen = strlen(refname);
+		const char **p = pattern, *m;
+		while ((m = *p++) != NULL) {
+			int len = strlen(m);
+			if (len > reflen)
+				continue;
+			if (memcmp(m, refname + reflen - len, len))
+				continue;
+			if (len == reflen)
+				goto match;
+			/* "--verify" requires an exact match */
+			if (verify)
+				continue;
+			if (refname[reflen - len - 1] == '/')
+				goto match;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+match:
+	found_match++;
+	obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj) {
+		if (quiet)
+			return 0;
+		die("git-show-ref: bad ref %s (%s)", refname, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	if (quiet)
+		return 0;
+
+	hex = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev);
+	if (hash_only)
+		printf("%s\n", hex);
+	else
+		printf("%s %s\n", hex, refname);
+	if (deref_tags && obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		obj = deref_tag(obj, refname, 0);
+		hex = find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1, abbrev);
+		printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_show_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (*arg != '-') {
+			pattern = argv + i;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			pattern = argv + i + 1;
+			if (!*pattern)
+				pattern = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-q") || !strcmp(arg, "--quiet")) {
+			quiet = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-h") || !strcmp(arg, "--head")) {
+			show_head = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-d") || !strcmp(arg, "--dereference")) {
+			deref_tags = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-s") || !strcmp(arg, "--hash")) {
+			hash_only = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strncmp(arg, "--hash=", 7) ||
+		    (!strncmp(arg, "--abbrev", 8) &&
+		     (arg[8] == '=' || arg[8] == '\0'))) {
+			if (arg[3] != 'h' && !arg[8])
+				/* --abbrev only */
+				abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+			else {
+				/* --hash= or --abbrev= */
+				char *end;
+				if (arg[3] == 'h') {
+					hash_only = 1;
+					arg += 7;
+				}
+				else
+					arg += 9;
+				abbrev = strtoul(arg, &end, 10);
+				if (*end || abbrev > 40)
+					usage(show_ref_usage);
+				if (abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
+					abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify")) {
+			verify = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
+			tags_only = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--heads")) {
+			heads_only = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		usage(show_ref_usage);
+	}
+	if (show_head)
+		head_ref(show_ref, NULL);
+	for_each_ref(show_ref, NULL);
+	if (!found_match) {
+		if (verify && !quiet)
+			die("No match");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
--- a/builtin-symbolic-ref.c
+++ b/builtin-symbolic-ref.c
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"

 static const char git_symbolic_ref_usage[] =
 "git-symbolic-ref name [ref]";
@ -7,15 +8,14 @@ static const char git_symbolic_ref_usage[] =
 static void check_symref(const char *HEAD)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *git_HEAD = xstrdup(git_path("%s", HEAD));
-	const char *git_refs_heads_master = resolve_ref(git_HEAD, sha1, 0);
-	if (git_refs_heads_master) {
-		/* we want to strip the .git/ part */
-		int pfxlen = strlen(git_HEAD) - strlen(HEAD);
-		puts(git_refs_heads_master + pfxlen);
-	}
-	else
+	int flag;
+	const char *refs_heads_master = resolve_ref(HEAD, sha1, 0, &flag);
+
+	if (!refs_heads_master)
 		die("No such ref: %s", HEAD);
+	else if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		die("ref %s is not a symbolic ref", HEAD);
+	puts(refs_heads_master);
 }

 int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		check_symref(argv[1]);
 		break;
 	case 3:
-		create_symref(xstrdup(git_path("%s", argv[1])), argv[2]);
+		create_symref(argv[1], argv[2]);
 		break;
 	default:
 		usage(git_symbolic_ref_usage);
--- a/builtin-unpack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin-unpack-objects.c
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ static SHA_CTX ctx;
 * Make sure at least "min" bytes are available in the buffer, and
 * return the pointer to the buffer.
 */
-static void * fill(int min)
+static void *fill(int min)
 {
 	if (min <= len)
 		return buffer + offset;
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ static void * fill(int min)
 		die("cannot fill %d bytes", min);
 	if (offset) {
 		SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, offset);
-		memcpy(buffer, buffer + offset, len);
+		memmove(buffer, buffer + offset, len);
 		offset = 0;
 	}
 	do {
--- a/builtin-update-index.c
+++ b/builtin-update-index.c
@ -406,9 +406,9 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)

 static void read_head_pointers(void)
 {
-	if (read_ref(git_path("HEAD"), head_sha1))
+	if (read_ref("HEAD", head_sha1))
 		die("No HEAD -- no initial commit yet?\n");
-	if (read_ref(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), merge_head_sha1)) {
+	if (read_ref("MERGE_HEAD", merge_head_sha1)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Not in the middle of a merge.\n");
 		exit(0);
 	}
@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 	int has_head = 1;
 	const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, av + 1);

-	if (read_ref(git_path("HEAD"), head_sha1))
+	if (read_ref("HEAD", head_sha1))
 		/* If there is no HEAD, that means it is an initial
 		 * commit.  Update everything in the index.
 		 */
--- a/builtin-update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin-update-ref.c
@ -3,15 +3,16 @@
 #include "builtin.h"

 static const char git_update_ref_usage[] =
-"git-update-ref <refname> <value> [<oldval>] [-m <reason>]";
+"git-update-ref [-m <reason>] (-d <refname> <value> | <refname> <value> [<oldval>])";

 int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char *refname=NULL, *value=NULL, *oldval=NULL, *msg=NULL;
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], oldsha1[20];
-	int i;
+	int i, delete;

+	delete = 0;
 	setup_ident();
 	git_config(git_default_config);

@ -26,6 +27,10 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				die("Refusing to perform update with \\n in message.");
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!strcmp("-d", argv[i])) {
+			delete = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 		if (!refname) {
 			refname = argv[i];
 			continue;
@ -44,11 +49,18 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)

 	if (get_sha1(value, sha1))
 		die("%s: not a valid SHA1", value);
+
+	if (delete) {
+		if (oldval)
+			usage(git_update_ref_usage);
+		return delete_ref(refname, sha1);
+	}
+
 	hashclr(oldsha1);
-	if (oldval && get_sha1(oldval, oldsha1))
+	if (oldval && *oldval && get_sha1(oldval, oldsha1))
 		die("%s: not a valid old SHA1", oldval);

-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval ? oldsha1 : NULL, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval ? oldsha1 : NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		return 1;
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg) < 0)
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@ -65,5 +67,7 @@ extern int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_verify_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_show_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_pack_refs(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);

 #endif
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"

+#ifndef DEBUG
 #define DEBUG 0
+#endif

 struct cache_tree *cache_tree(void)
 {
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ struct lock_file {
 extern int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
 extern int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
 extern void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+extern int delete_ref(const char *, unsigned char *sha1);

 /* Environment bits from configuration mechanism */
 extern int use_legacy_headers;
@ -188,7 +189,6 @@ extern int prefer_symlink_refs;
 extern int log_all_ref_updates;
 extern int warn_ambiguous_refs;
 extern int shared_repository;
-extern int deny_non_fast_forwards;
 extern const char *apply_default_whitespace;
 extern int zlib_compression_level;

@ -289,9 +289,9 @@ extern int get_sha1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1);
 extern char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1);	/* static buffer result! */
 extern int read_ref(const char *filename, unsigned char *sha1);
-extern const char *resolve_ref(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, int);
-extern int create_symref(const char *git_HEAD, const char *refs_heads_master);
-extern int validate_symref(const char *git_HEAD);
+extern const char *resolve_ref(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, int, int *);
+extern int create_symref(const char *ref, const char *refs_heads_master);
+extern int validate_symref(const char *ref);

 extern int base_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
 extern int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2);
--- a/describe.c
+++ b/describe.c
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void add_to_known_names(const char *path,
 	names = ++idx;
 }

-static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
 	struct object *object;
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)

 	if (!initialized) {
 		initialized = 1;
-		for_each_ref(get_name);
+		for_each_ref(get_name, NULL);
 		qsort(name_array, names, sizeof(*name_array), compare_names);
 	}

--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ extern int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
 		     const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 extern int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
 			  const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+extern int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base,
+                               struct diff_options *opt);

 struct combine_diff_path {
 	struct combine_diff_path *next;
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ int warn_ambiguous_refs = 1;
 int repository_format_version;
 char git_commit_encoding[MAX_ENCODING_LENGTH] = "utf-8";
 int shared_repository = PERM_UMASK;
-int deny_non_fast_forwards = 0;
 const char *apply_default_whitespace;
 int zlib_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 int pager_in_use;
--- a/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
 	}
 }

-static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), path, 0);

@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ static int find_common(int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
 	unsigned in_vain = 0;
 	int got_continue = 0;

-	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref);
+	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);

 	fetching = 0;
 	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ static int find_common(int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,

 static struct commit_list *complete;

-static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);

@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ static int everything_local(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
 		}
 	}

-	for_each_ref(mark_complete);
+	for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
 	if (cutoff)
 		mark_recent_complete_commits(cutoff);

--- a/fetch.c
+++ b/fetch.c
@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ static int interpret_target(char *target, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return -1;
 }

-static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
 	if (commit) {
@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ int pull(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref,
 		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
 			continue;

-		lock[i] = lock_ref_sha1(write_ref[i], NULL, 0);
+		lock[i] = lock_ref_sha1(write_ref[i], NULL);
 		if (!lock[i]) {
 			error("Can't lock ref %s", write_ref[i]);
 			goto unlock_and_fail;
@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ int pull(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref,
 	}

 	if (!get_recover)
-		for_each_ref(mark_complete);
+		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);

 	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
 		if (interpret_target(target[i], &sha1[20 * i])) {
--- a/fsck-objects.c
+++ b/fsck-objects.c
@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ static void fsck_dir(int i, char *path)

 static int default_refs;

-static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *obj;

@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)

 static void get_default_heads(void)
 {
-	for_each_ref(fsck_handle_ref);
+	for_each_ref(fsck_handle_ref, NULL);

 	/*
 	 * Not having any default heads isn't really fatal, but
@ -458,15 +458,14 @@ static void fsck_object_dir(const char *path)
 static int fsck_head_link(void)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *git_HEAD = xstrdup(git_path("HEAD"));
-	const char *git_refs_heads_master = resolve_ref(git_HEAD, sha1, 1);
-	int pfxlen = strlen(git_HEAD) - 4; /* strip .../.git/ part */
+	int flag;
+	const char *head_points_at = resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 1, &flag);

-	if (!git_refs_heads_master)
+	if (!head_points_at || !(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
 		return error("HEAD is not a symbolic ref");
-	if (strncmp(git_refs_heads_master + pfxlen, "refs/heads/", 11))
+	if (strncmp(head_points_at, "refs/heads/", 11))
 		return error("HEAD points to something strange (%s)",
-			     git_refs_heads_master + pfxlen);
+			     head_points_at);
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return error("HEAD: not a valid git pointer");
 	return 0;
--- a/git-branch.sh
+++ b/git-branch.sh
@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-USAGE='[-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>] | (-d | -D) <branchname> | [-r]'
-LONG_USAGE='If no arguments, show available branches and mark current branch with a star.
-If one argument, create a new branch <branchname> based off of current HEAD.
-If two arguments, create a new branch <branchname> based off of <start-point>.'
-
-SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
-. git-sh-setup
-
-headref=$(git-symbolic-ref HEAD | sed -e 's|^refs/heads/||')
-
-delete_branch () {
-    option="$1"
-    shift
-    for branch_name
-    do
-	case ",$headref," in
-	",$branch_name,")
-	    die "Cannot delete the branch you are on." ;;
-	,,)
-	    die "What branch are you on anyway?" ;;
-	esac
-	branch=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/$branch_name") &&
-	    branch=$(git-rev-parse --verify "$branch^0") ||
-		die "Seriously, what branch are you talking about?"
-	case "$option" in
-	-D)
-	    ;;
-	*)
-	    mbs=$(git-merge-base -a "$branch" HEAD | tr '\012' ' ')
-	    case " $mbs " in
-	    *' '$branch' '*)
-		# the merge base of branch and HEAD contains branch --
-		# which means that the HEAD contains everything in both.
-		;;
-	    *)
-		echo >&2 "The branch '$branch_name' is not a strict subset of your current HEAD.
-If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D $branch_name'."
-		exit 1
-		;;
-	    esac
-	    ;;
-	esac
-	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/logs/refs/heads/$branch_name"
-	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/$branch_name"
-	echo "Deleted branch $branch_name."
-    done
-    exit 0
-}
-
-ls_remote_branches () {
-    git-rev-parse --symbolic --all |
-    sed -ne 's|^refs/\(remotes/\)|\1|p' |
-    sort
-}
-
-force=
-create_log=
-while case "$#,$1" in 0,*) break ;; *,-*) ;; *) break ;; esac
-do
-	case "$1" in
-	-d | -D)
-		delete_branch "$@"
-		exit
-		;;
-	-r)
-		ls_remote_branches
-		exit
-		;;
-	-f)
-		force="$1"
-		;;
-	-l)
-		create_log="yes"
-		;;
-	--)
-		shift
-		break
-		;;
-	-*)
-		usage
-		;;
-	esac
-	shift
-done
-
-case "$#" in
-0)
-	git-rev-parse --symbolic --branches |
-	sort |
-	while read ref
-	do
-		if test "$headref" = "$ref"
-		then
-			pfx='*'
-		else
-			pfx=' '
-		fi
-		echo "$pfx $ref"
-	done
-	exit 0 ;;
-1)
-	head=HEAD ;;
-2)
-	head="$2^0" ;;
-esac
-branchname="$1"
-
-rev=$(git-rev-parse --verify "$head") || exit
-
-git-check-ref-format "heads/$branchname" ||
-	die "we do not like '$branchname' as a branch name."
-
-if [ -d "$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/$branchname" ]
-then
-	for refdir in `cd "$GIT_DIR" && \
-		find "refs/heads/$branchname" -type d | sort -r`
-	do
-		rmdir "$GIT_DIR/$refdir" || \
-		    die "Could not delete '$refdir', there may still be a ref there."
-	done
-fi
-
-if [ -e "$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/$branchname" ]
-then
-	if test '' = "$force"
-	then
-		die "$branchname already exists."
-	elif test "$branchname" = "$headref"
-	then
-		die "cannot force-update the current branch."
-	fi
-fi
-if test "$create_log" = 'yes'
-then
-	mkdir -p $(dirname "$GIT_DIR/logs/refs/heads/$branchname")
-	touch "$GIT_DIR/logs/refs/heads/$branchname"
-fi
-git update-ref -m "branch: Created from $head" "refs/heads/$branchname" $rev
--- a/git-checkout.sh
+++ b/git-checkout.sh
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ while [ "$#" != "0" ]; do
 		shift
 		[ -z "$newbranch" ] &&
 			die "git checkout: -b needs a branch name"
-		[ -e "$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/$newbranch" ] &&
+		git-show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/heads/$newbranch" &&
 			die "git checkout: branch $newbranch already exists"
 		git-check-ref-format "heads/$newbranch" ||
 			die "git checkout: we do not like '$newbranch' as a branch name."
@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ while [ "$#" != "0" ]; do
 			fi
 			new="$rev"
 			new_name="$arg^0"
-			if [ -f "$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/$arg" ]; then
+			if git-show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/heads/$arg"
+			then
 				branch="$arg"
 			fi
 		elif rev=$(git-rev-parse --verify "$arg^{tree}" 2>/dev/null)
--- a/git-commit.sh
+++ b/git-commit.sh
@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ then
 elif test "$use_commit" != ""
 then
 	git-cat-file commit "$use_commit" | sed -e '1,/^$/d'
-elif test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+elif test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
 then
 	cat "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
 elif test -f "$GIT_DIR/SQUASH_MSG"
@ -522,15 +522,15 @@ then
 		PARENTS=$(git-cat-file commit HEAD |
 			sed -n -e '/^$/q' -e 's/^parent /-p /p')
 	fi
-	current=$(git-rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	current="$(git-rev-parse --verify HEAD)"
 else
 	if [ -z "$(git-ls-files)" ]; then
 		echo >&2 Nothing to commit
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	PARENTS=""
-	current=
 	rloga='commit (initial)'
+	current=''
 fi

 if test -z "$no_edit"
@ -606,8 +606,8 @@ then
 	fi &&
 	commit=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_MSG | git-commit-tree $tree $PARENTS) &&
 	rlogm=$(sed -e 1q "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_MSG) &&
-	git-update-ref -m "$rloga: $rlogm" HEAD $commit $current &&
-	rm -f -- "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" &&
+	git-update-ref -m "$rloga: $rlogm" HEAD $commit "$current" &&
+	rm -f -- "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG" &&
 	if test -f "$NEXT_INDEX"
 	then
 		mv "$NEXT_INDEX" "$THIS_INDEX"
--- a/git-fetch.sh
+++ b/git-fetch.sh
@ -147,15 +147,15 @@ update_local_ref () {
 	[ "$verbose" ] && echo >&2 "  $label_: $newshort_"
 	return 0
    fi
-    oldshort_=$(git-rev-parse --short "$1" 2>/dev/null)
-    mkdir -p "$(dirname "$GIT_DIR/$1")"
+    oldshort_=$(git show-ref --hash --abbrev "$1" 2>/dev/null)
+
    case "$1" in
    refs/tags/*)
 	# Tags need not be pointing at commits so there
 	# is no way to guarantee "fast-forward" anyway.
-	if test -f "$GIT_DIR/$1"
+	if test -n "$oldshort_"
 	then
-		if now_=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/$1") && test "$now_" = "$2"
+		if now_=$(git show-ref --hash "$1") && test "$now_" = "$2"
 		then
 			[ "$verbose" ] && echo >&2 "* $1: same as $3"
 			[ "$verbose" ] && echo >&2 "  $label_: $newshort_" ||:
@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ case "$no_tags$tags" in
 		sed -ne 's|^\([0-9a-f]*\)[ 	]\(refs/tags/.*\)^{}$|\1 \2|p' |
 		while read sha1 name
 		do
-			test -f "$GIT_DIR/$name" && continue
+			git-show-ref --verify --quiet -- $name && continue
 			git-check-ref-format "$name" || {
 				echo >&2 "warning: tag ${name} ignored"
 				continue
--- a/git-revert.sh
+++ b/git-revert.sh
@ -145,9 +145,18 @@ git-read-tree -m -u --aggressive $base $head $next &&
 result=$(git-write-tree 2>/dev/null) || {
    echo >&2 "Simple $me fails; trying Automatic $me."
    git-merge-index -o git-merge-one-file -a || {
+	    mv -f .msg "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+	    {
+		echo '
+Conflicts:
+'
+		git ls-files --unmerged |
+		sed -e 's/^[^	]*	/	/' |
+		uniq
+	    } >>"$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
 	    echo >&2 "Automatic $me failed.  After resolving the conflicts,"
 	    echo >&2 "mark the corrected paths with 'git-update-index <paths>'"
-	    echo >&2 "and commit with 'git commit -F .msg'"
+	    echo >&2 "and commit the result."
 	    case "$me" in
 	    cherry-pick)
 		echo >&2 "You may choose to use the following when making"
--- a/git-svnimport.perl
+++ b/git-svnimport.perl
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 $ENV{'TZ'}="UTC";

 our($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_u,$opt_C,$opt_i,$opt_m,$opt_M,$opt_t,$opt_T,
-    $opt_b,$opt_r,$opt_I,$opt_A,$opt_s,$opt_l,$opt_d,$opt_D,$opt_S,$opt_F);
+    $opt_b,$opt_r,$opt_I,$opt_A,$opt_s,$opt_l,$opt_d,$opt_D,$opt_S,$opt_F,$opt_P);

 sub usage() {
 	print STDERR <<END;
@ -39,17 +39,19 @@ ()
       [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-l max_rev]
       [-C GIT_repository] [-t tagname] [-T trunkname] [-b branchname]
       [-d|-D] [-i] [-u] [-r] [-I ignorefilename] [-s start_chg]
-       [-m] [-M regex] [-A author_file] [-S] [-F] [SVN_URL]
+       [-m] [-M regex] [-A author_file] [-S] [-F] [-P project_name] [SVN_URL]
 END
 	exit(1);
 }

-getopts("A:b:C:dDFhiI:l:mM:o:rs:t:T:Suv") or usage();
+getopts("A:b:C:dDFhiI:l:mM:o:rs:t:T:SP:uv") or usage();
 usage if $opt_h;

 my $tag_name = $opt_t || "tags";
 my $trunk_name = $opt_T || "trunk";
 my $branch_name = $opt_b || "branches";
+my $project_name = $opt_P || "";
+$project_name = "/" . $project_name if ($project_name);

@ARGV == 1 or @ARGV == 2 or usage();

@ -427,6 +429,20 @@ ($$$$$)
 	}
 }

+sub project_path($$)
+{
+	my ($path, $project) = @_;
+
+	$path = "/".$path unless ($path =~ m#^\/#) ;
+	return $1 if ($path =~ m#^$project\/(.*)$#);
+
+	$path =~ s#\.#\\\.#g;
+	$path =~ s#\+#\\\+#g;
+	return "/" if ($project =~ m#^$path.*$#);
+
+	return undef;
+}
+
 sub split_path($$) {
 	my($rev,$path) = @_;
 	my $branch;
@ -446,7 +462,11 @@ ($$)
 		print STDERR "$rev: Unrecognized path: $path\n" unless (defined $no_error{$path});
 		return ()
 	}
-	$path = "/" if $path eq "";
+	if ($path eq "") {
+		$path = "/";
+	} elsif ($project_name) {
+		$path = project_path($path, $project_name);
+	}
 	return ($branch,$path);
 }

@ -898,6 +918,7 @@ sub commit_all {
 	while(my($path,$action) = each %$changed_paths) {
 		($branch,$path) = split_path($revision,$path);
 		next if not defined $branch;
+		next if not defined $path;
 		$done{$branch}{$path} = $action;
 	}
 	while(($branch,$changed_paths) = each %done) {
--- a/git-tag.sh
+++ b/git-tag.sh
@ -47,8 +47,10 @@ do
    -d)
    	shift
 	tag_name="$1"
-	rm "$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/$tag_name" && \
-	        echo "Deleted tag $tag_name."
+	tag=$(git-show-ref --verify --hash -- "refs/tags/$tag_name") ||
+		die "Seriously, what tag are you talking about?"
+	git-update-ref -m 'tag: delete' -d "refs/tags/$tag_name" "$tag" &&
+		echo "Deleted tag $tag_name."
 	exit $?
 	;;
    -*)
@ -63,8 +65,11 @@ done

 name="$1"
 [ "$name" ] || usage
-if [ -e "$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/$name" -a -z "$force" ]; then
-    die "tag '$name' already exists"
+prev=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+if git-show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/tags/$name"
+then
+    test -n "$force" || die "tag '$name' already exists"
+    prev=`git rev-parse "refs/tags/$name"`
 fi
 shift
 git-check-ref-format "tags/$name" ||
@ -107,6 +112,5 @@ if [ "$annotate" ]; then
    object=$(git-mktag < "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP)
 fi

-leading=`expr "refs/tags/$name" : '\(.*\)/'` &&
-mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR/$leading" &&
-echo $object > "$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/$name"
+git update-ref "refs/tags/$name" "$object" "$prev"
+
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@ -222,9 +222,11 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 		{ "annotate", cmd_annotate, },
 		{ "apply", cmd_apply },
 		{ "archive", cmd_archive },
+		{ "branch", cmd_branch, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
+		{ "cherry", cmd_cherry, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "diff", cmd_diff, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
@ -269,6 +271,8 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 		{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
 		{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "verify-pack", cmd_verify_pack },
+		{ "show-ref", cmd_show_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "pack-refs", cmd_pack_refs, RUN_SETUP },
 	};
 	int i;

--- a/gitweb/gitweb.perl
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@ -554,12 +554,17 @@ sub esc_url {
 }

 # replace invalid utf8 character with SUBSTITUTION sequence
-sub esc_html {
+sub esc_html ($;%) {
 	my $str = shift;
+	my %opts = @_;
+
 	$str = to_utf8($str);
 	$str = escapeHTML($str);
 	$str =~ s/\014/^L/g; # escape FORM FEED (FF) character (e.g. in COPYING file)
 	$str =~ s/\033/^[/g; # "escape" ESCAPE (\e) character (e.g. commit 20a3847d8a5032ce41f90dcc68abfb36e6fee9b1)
+	if ($opts{'-nbsp'}) {
+		$str =~ s/ /&nbsp;/g;
+	}
 	return $str;
 }

@ -784,7 +789,7 @@ sub format_diff_line {
 		$diff_class = " incomplete";
 	}
 	$line = untabify($line);
-	return "<div class=\"diff$diff_class\">" . esc_html($line) . "</div>\n";
+	return "<div class=\"diff$diff_class\">" . esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1) . "</div>\n";
 }

 ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -860,7 +865,7 @@ sub git_get_hash_by_path {
 	close $fd or return undef;

 	#'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa	panic.c'
-	$line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t(.+)$/;
+	$line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t/;
 	if (defined $type && $type ne $2) {
 		# type doesn't match
 		return undef;
@ -1111,7 +1116,9 @@ sub parse_commit {
 		@commit_lines = @$commit_text;
 	} else {
 		local $/ = "\0";
-		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", "--header", "--parents", "--max-count=1", $commit_id
+		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list",
+			"--header", "--parents", "--max-count=1",
+			$commit_id, "--"
 			or return;
 		@commit_lines = split '\n', <$fd>;
 		close $fd or return;
@ -1275,7 +1282,7 @@ ($;%)
 	my %res;

 	#'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa	panic.c'
-	$line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t(.+)$/;
+	$line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t(.+)$/s;

 	$res{'mode'} = $1;
 	$res{'type'} = $2;
@ -1292,47 +1299,88 @@ ($;%)
 ## ......................................................................
 ## parse to array of hashes functions

-sub git_get_refs_list {
-	my $type = shift || "";
-	my %refs;
-	my @reflist;
+sub git_get_heads_list {
+	my $limit = shift;
+	my @headslist;

-	my @refs;
-	open my $fd, "-|", $GIT, "peek-remote", "$projectroot/$project/"
+	open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
+		($limit ? '--count='.($limit+1) : ()), '--sort=-committerdate',
+		'--format=%(objectname) %(refname) %(subject)%00%(committer)',
+		'refs/heads'
 		or return;
 	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
-		chomp $line;
-		if ($line =~ m/^([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\trefs\/($type\/?([^\^]+))(\^\{\})?$/) {
-			if (defined $refs{$1}) {
-				push @{$refs{$1}}, $2;
-			} else {
-				$refs{$1} = [ $2 ];
-			}
+		my %ref_item;

-			if (! $4) { # unpeeled, direct reference
-				push @refs, { hash => $1, name => $3 }; # without type
-			} elsif ($3 eq $refs[-1]{'name'}) {
-				# most likely a tag is followed by its peeled
-				# (deref) one, and when that happens we know the
-				# previous one was of type 'tag'.
-				$refs[-1]{'type'} = "tag";
-			}
+		chomp $line;
+		my ($refinfo, $committerinfo) = split(/\0/, $line);
+		my ($hash, $name, $title) = split(' ', $refinfo, 3);
+		my ($committer, $epoch, $tz) =
+			($committerinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
+		$name =~ s!^refs/heads/!!;
+
+		$ref_item{'name'}  = $name;
+		$ref_item{'id'}    = $hash;
+		$ref_item{'title'} = $title || '(no commit message)';
+		$ref_item{'epoch'} = $epoch;
+		if ($epoch) {
+			$ref_item{'age'} = age_string(time - $ref_item{'epoch'});
+		} else {
+			$ref_item{'age'} = "unknown";
 		}
+
+		push @headslist, \%ref_item;
 	}
 	close $fd;

-	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
-		my $ref_file = $ref->{'name'};
-		my $ref_id   = $ref->{'hash'};
+	return wantarray ? @headslist : \@headslist;
+}

-		my $type = $ref->{'type'} || git_get_type($ref_id) || next;
-		my %ref_item = parse_ref($ref_file, $ref_id, $type);
+sub git_get_tags_list {
+	my $limit = shift;
+	my @tagslist;

-		push @reflist, \%ref_item;
+	open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
+		($limit ? '--count='.($limit+1) : ()), '--sort=-creatordate',
+		'--format=%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(refname) '.
+		'%(*objectname) %(*objecttype) %(subject)%00%(creator)',
+		'refs/tags'
+		or return;
+	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+		my %ref_item;
+
+		chomp $line;
+		my ($refinfo, $creatorinfo) = split(/\0/, $line);
+		my ($id, $type, $name, $refid, $reftype, $title) = split(' ', $refinfo, 6);
+		my ($creator, $epoch, $tz) =
+			($creatorinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
+		$name =~ s!^refs/tags/!!;
+
+		$ref_item{'type'} = $type;
+		$ref_item{'id'} = $id;
+		$ref_item{'name'} = $name;
+		if ($type eq "tag") {
+			$ref_item{'subject'} = $title;
+			$ref_item{'reftype'} = $reftype;
+			$ref_item{'refid'}   = $refid;
+		} else {
+			$ref_item{'reftype'} = $type;
+			$ref_item{'refid'}   = $id;
+		}
+
+		if ($type eq "tag" || $type eq "commit") {
+			$ref_item{'epoch'} = $epoch;
+			if ($epoch) {
+				$ref_item{'age'} = age_string(time - $ref_item{'epoch'});
+			} else {
+				$ref_item{'age'} = "unknown";
+			}
+		}
+
+		push @tagslist, \%ref_item;
 	}
-	# sort refs by age
-	@reflist = sort {$b->{'epoch'} <=> $a->{'epoch'}} @reflist;
-	return (\@reflist, \%refs);
+	close $fd;
+
+	return wantarray ? @tagslist : \@tagslist;
 }

 ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -1943,19 +1991,19 @@ sub git_difftree_body {
 			print "</td>\n";
 			print "<td>$mode_chnge</td>\n";
 			print "<td class=\"link\">";
-			if ($diff{'to_id'} ne $diff{'from_id'}) { # modified
-				if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
-					# link to patch
-					$patchno++;
-					print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch");
-				} else {
-					print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
-					                             hash=>$diff{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$diff{'from_id'},
-					                             hash_base=>$hash, hash_parent_base=>$parent,
-					                             file_name=>$diff{'file'})},
-					              "diff");
-				}
-				print " | ";
+			if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
+				# link to patch
+				$patchno++;
+				print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch") .
+				      " | ";
+			} elsif ($diff{'to_id'} ne $diff{'from_id'}) {
+				# "commit" view and modified file (not onlu mode changed)
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
+				                             hash=>$diff{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$diff{'from_id'},
+				                             hash_base=>$hash, hash_parent_base=>$parent,
+				                             file_name=>$diff{'file'})},
+				              "diff") .
+				      " | ";
 			}
 			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff{'to_id'},
 						     hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff{'file'})},
@ -1986,19 +2034,19 @@ sub git_difftree_body {
 			              -class => "list"}, esc_html($diff{'from_file'})) .
 			      " with " . (int $diff{'similarity'}) . "% similarity$mode_chng]</span></td>\n" .
 			      "<td class=\"link\">";
-			if ($diff{'to_id'} ne $diff{'from_id'}) {
-				if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
-					# link to patch
-					$patchno++;
-					print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch");
-				} else {
-					print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
-					                             hash=>$diff{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$diff{'from_id'},
-					                             hash_base=>$hash, hash_parent_base=>$parent,
-					                             file_name=>$diff{'to_file'}, file_parent=>$diff{'from_file'})},
-					              "diff");
-				}
-				print " | ";
+			if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
+				# link to patch
+				$patchno++;
+				print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch") .
+				      " | ";
+			} elsif ($diff{'to_id'} ne $diff{'from_id'}) {
+				# "commit" view and modified file (not only pure rename or copy)
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
+				                             hash=>$diff{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$diff{'from_id'},
+				                             hash_base=>$hash, hash_parent_base=>$parent,
+				                             file_name=>$diff{'to_file'}, file_parent=>$diff{'from_file'})},
+				              "diff") .
+				      " | ";
 			}
 			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff{'from_id'},
 						     hash_base=>$parent, file_name=>$diff{'from_file'})},
@ -2049,13 +2097,6 @@ sub git_patchset_body {
 			}
 			$patch_idx++;

-			# for now, no extended header, hence we skip empty patches
-			# companion to	next LINE if $in_header;
-			if ($diffinfo->{'from_id'} eq $diffinfo->{'to_id'}) { # no change
-				$in_header = 1;
-				next LINE;
-			}
-
 			if ($diffinfo->{'status'} eq "A") { # added
 				print "<div class=\"diff_info\">" . file_type($diffinfo->{'to_mode'}) . ":" .
 				      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$hash,
@ -2262,8 +2303,7 @@ sub git_tags_body {
 	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
 		my $entry = $taglist->[$i];
 		my %tag = %$entry;
-		my $comment_lines = $tag{'comment'};
-		my $comment = shift @$comment_lines;
+		my $comment = $tag{'subject'};
 		my $comment_short;
 		if (defined $comment) {
 			$comment_short = chop_str($comment, 30, 5);
@ -2296,7 +2336,7 @@ sub git_tags_body {
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$tag{'reftype'}, hash=>$tag{'refid'})}, $tag{'reftype'});
 		if ($tag{'reftype'} eq "commit") {
 			print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$tag{'name'})}, "shortlog") .
-			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$tag{'refid'})}, "log");
+			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$tag{'name'})}, "log");
 		} elsif ($tag{'reftype'} eq "blob") {
 			print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", hash=>$tag{'refid'})}, "raw");
 		}
@ -2321,23 +2361,23 @@ sub git_heads_body {
 	my $alternate = 1;
 	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
 		my $entry = $headlist->[$i];
-		my %tag = %$entry;
-		my $curr = $tag{'id'} eq $head;
+		my %ref = %$entry;
+		my $curr = $ref{'id'} eq $head;
 		if ($alternate) {
 			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
 		} else {
 			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
 		}
 		$alternate ^= 1;
-		print "<td><i>$tag{'age'}</i></td>\n" .
-		      ($tag{'id'} eq $head ? "<td class=\"current_head\">" : "<td>") .
-		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$tag{'name'}),
-		               -class => "list name"},esc_html($tag{'name'})) .
+		print "<td><i>$ref{'age'}</i></td>\n" .
+		      ($curr ? "<td class=\"current_head\">" : "<td>") .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$ref{'name'}),
+		               -class => "list name"},esc_html($ref{'name'})) .
 		      "</td>\n" .
 		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
-		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$tag{'name'})}, "shortlog") . " | " .
-		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$tag{'name'})}, "log") . " | " .
-		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$tag{'name'}, hash_base=>$tag{'name'})}, "tree") .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$ref{'name'})}, "shortlog") . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$ref{'name'})}, "log") . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$ref{'name'}, hash_base=>$ref{'name'})}, "tree") .
 		      "</td>\n" .
 		      "</tr>";
 	}
@ -2487,18 +2527,9 @@ sub git_summary {

 	my $owner = git_get_project_owner($project);

-	my ($reflist, $refs) = git_get_refs_list();
-
-	my @taglist;
-	my @headlist;
-	foreach my $ref (@$reflist) {
-		if ($ref->{'name'} =~ s!^heads/!!) {
-			push @headlist, $ref;
-		} else {
-			$ref->{'name'} =~ s!^tags/!!;
-			push @taglist, $ref;
-		}
-	}
+	my $refs = git_get_references();
+	my @taglist  = git_get_tags_list(15);
+	my @headlist = git_get_heads_list(15);

 	git_header_html();
 	git_print_page_nav('summary','', $head);
@ -2529,7 +2560,7 @@ sub git_summary {
 	}

 	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", "--max-count=17",
-		git_get_head_hash($project)
+		git_get_head_hash($project), "--"
 		or die_error(undef, "Open git-rev-list failed");
 	my @revlist = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
 	close $fd;
@ -2659,7 +2690,7 @@ sub git_blame2 {
 		print "<tr class=\"$rev_color[$current_color]\">\n";
 		if ($group_size) {
 			print "<td class=\"sha1\"";
-			print " title=\"$author, $date\"";
+			print " title=\"". esc_html($author) . ", $date\"";
 			print " rowspan=\"$group_size\"" if ($group_size > 1);
 			print ">";
 			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit",
@ -2790,9 +2821,9 @@ sub git_tags {
 	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
 	git_print_header_div('summary', $project);

-	my ($taglist) = git_get_refs_list("tags");
-	if (@$taglist) {
-		git_tags_body($taglist);
+	my @tagslist = git_get_tags_list();
+	if (@tagslist) {
+		git_tags_body(\@tagslist);
 	}
 	git_footer_html();
 }
@ -2803,9 +2834,9 @@ sub git_heads {
 	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
 	git_print_header_div('summary', $project);

-	my ($headlist) = git_get_refs_list("heads");
-	if (@$headlist) {
-		git_heads_body($headlist, $head);
+	my @headslist = git_get_heads_list();
+	if (@headslist) {
+		git_heads_body(\@headslist, $head);
 	}
 	git_footer_html();
 }
@ -2918,7 +2949,7 @@ sub git_blob {
 		$nr++;
 		$line = untabify($line);
 		printf "<div class=\"pre\"><a id=\"l%i\" href=\"#l%i\" class=\"linenr\">%4i</a> %s</div>\n",
-		       $nr, $nr, $nr, esc_html($line);
+		       $nr, $nr, $nr, esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
 	}
 	close $fd
 		or print "Reading blob failed.\n";
@ -3072,7 +3103,7 @@ sub git_log {
 	my $refs = git_get_references();

 	my $limit = sprintf("--max-count=%i", (100 * ($page+1)));
-	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", $limit, $hash
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", $limit, $hash, "--"
 		or die_error(undef, "Open git-rev-list failed");
 	my @revlist = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
 	close $fd;
@ -3130,7 +3161,7 @@ sub git_commit {
 		$parent = "--root";
 	}
 	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', "--no-commit-id",
-		@diff_opts, $parent, $hash
+		@diff_opts, $parent, $hash, "--"
 		or die_error(undef, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
 	my @difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
 	close $fd or die_error(undef, "Reading git-diff-tree failed");
@ -3235,7 +3266,8 @@ sub git_blobdiff {
 	if (defined $hash_base && defined $hash_parent_base) {
 		if (defined $file_name) {
 			# read raw output
-			open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts, $hash_parent_base, $hash_base,
+			open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
+				$hash_parent_base, $hash_base,
 				"--", $file_name
 				or die_error(undef, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
 			@difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
@ -3249,7 +3281,8 @@ sub git_blobdiff {
 			# try to find filename from $hash

 			# read filtered raw output
-			open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts, $hash_parent_base, $hash_base
+			open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
+				$hash_parent_base, $hash_base, "--"
 				or die_error(undef, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
 			@difftree =
 				# ':100644 100644 03b21826... 3b93d5e7... M	ls-files.c'
@ -3319,7 +3352,8 @@ sub git_blobdiff {
 		}

 		# open patch output
-		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff", '-p', @diff_opts, $hash_parent, $hash
+		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff", '-p', @diff_opts,
+			$hash_parent, $hash, "--"
 			or die_error(undef, "Open git-diff failed");
 	} else  {
 		die_error('404 Not Found', "Missing one of the blob diff parameters")
@ -3450,8 +3484,8 @@ sub git_commitdiff {
 	my @difftree;
 	if ($format eq 'html') {
 		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
-			"--no-commit-id",
-			"--patch-with-raw", "--full-index", $hash_parent, $hash
+			"--no-commit-id", "--patch-with-raw", "--full-index",
+			$hash_parent, $hash, "--"
 			or die_error(undef, "Open git-diff-tree failed");

 		while (chomp(my $line = <$fd>)) {
@ -3462,7 +3496,7 @@ sub git_commitdiff {

 	} elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
 		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
-			'-p', $hash_parent, $hash
+			'-p', $hash_parent, $hash, "--"
 			or die_error(undef, "Open git-diff-tree failed");

 	} else {
@ -3639,7 +3673,9 @@ sub git_search {
 	my $alternate = 1;
 	if ($searchtype eq 'commit' or $searchtype eq 'author' or $searchtype eq 'committer') {
 		$/ = "\0";
-		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", "--header", "--parents", $hash or next;
+		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list",
+			"--header", "--parents", $hash, "--"
+			or next;
 		while (my $commit_text = <$fd>) {
 			if (!grep m/$searchtext/i, $commit_text) {
 				next;
@ -3785,7 +3821,7 @@ sub git_shortlog {
 	my $refs = git_get_references();

 	my $limit = sprintf("--max-count=%i", (100 * ($page+1)));
-	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", $limit, $hash
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", $limit, $hash, "--"
 		or die_error(undef, "Open git-rev-list failed");
 	my @revlist = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
 	close $fd;
@ -3813,7 +3849,8 @@ sub git_shortlog {

 sub git_rss {
 	# http://www.notestips.com/80256B3A007F2692/1/NAMO5P9UPQ
-	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", "--max-count=150", git_get_head_hash($project)
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list", "--max-count=150",
+		git_get_head_hash($project), "--"
 		or die_error(undef, "Open git-rev-list failed");
 	my @revlist = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
 	close $fd or die_error(undef, "Reading git-rev-list failed");
@ -3837,7 +3874,7 @@ sub git_rss {
 		}
 		my %cd = parse_date($co{'committer_epoch'});
 		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
-			$co{'parent'}, $co{'id'}
+			$co{'parent'}, $co{'id'}, "--"
 			or next;
 		my @difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
 		close $fd
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@ -1864,7 +1864,7 @@ static int update_remote(unsigned char *sha1, struct remote_lock *lock)
 static struct ref *local_refs, **local_tail;
 static struct ref *remote_refs, **remote_tail;

-static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int len = strlen(refname) + 1;
@ -1913,7 +1913,7 @@ static void one_remote_ref(char *refname)
 static void get_local_heads(void)
 {
 	local_tail = &local_refs;
-	for_each_ref(one_local_ref);
+	for_each_ref(one_local_ref, NULL);
 }

 static void get_dav_remote_heads(void)
--- a/imap-send.c
+++ b/imap-send.c
@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ buffer_gets( buffer_t * b, char **s )
 				n = b->bytes - start;

 				if (n)
-					memcpy( b->buf, b->buf + start, n );
+					memmove(b->buf, b->buf + start, n);
 				b->offset -= start;
 				b->bytes = n;
 				start = 0;
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@ -252,26 +252,6 @@ int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 	return 1;
 }

-static int diff_root_tree(struct rev_info *opt,
-			  const unsigned char *new, const char *base)
-{
-	int retval;
-	void *tree;
-	struct tree_desc empty, real;
-
-	tree = read_object_with_reference(new, tree_type, &real.size, NULL);
-	if (!tree)
-		die("unable to read root tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(new));
-	real.buf = tree;
-
-	empty.buf = "";
-	empty.size = 0;
-	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, base, &opt->diffopt);
-	free(tree);
-	log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
-	return retval;
-}
-
 static int do_diff_combined(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
@ -297,8 +277,10 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 	/* Root commit? */
 	parents = commit->parents;
 	if (!parents) {
-		if (opt->show_root_diff)
-			diff_root_tree(opt, sha1, "");
+		if (opt->show_root_diff) {
+			diff_root_tree_sha1(sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+			log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
+		}
 		return !opt->loginfo;
 	}

--- a/quote.c
+++ b/quote.c
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ static int quote_c_style_counted(const char *name, int namelen,
 		if (!ch)
 			break;
 		if ((ch < ' ') || (ch == '"') || (ch == '\\') ||
-		    (ch == 0177)) {
+		    (ch >= 0177)) {
 			needquote = 1;
 			switch (ch) {
 			case '\a': EMITQ(); ch = 'a'; break;
--- a/receive-pack.c
+++ b/receive-pack.c
@ -9,12 +9,26 @@ static const char receive_pack_usage[] = "git-receive-pack <git-dir>";

 static const char *unpacker[] = { "unpack-objects", NULL };

+static int deny_non_fast_forwards = 0;
 static int report_status;

 static char capabilities[] = "report-status";
 static int capabilities_sent;

-static int show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	git_default_config(var, value);
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denynonfastforwards") == 0)
+	{
+		deny_non_fast_forwards = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	if (capabilities_sent)
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
@ -27,9 +41,9 @@ static int show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)

 static void write_head_info(void)
 {
-	for_each_ref(show_ref);
+	for_each_ref(show_ref, NULL);
 	if (!capabilities_sent)
-		show_ref("capabilities^{}", null_sha1);
+		show_ref("capabilities^{}", null_sha1, 0, NULL);

 }

@ -43,34 +57,6 @@ struct command {

 static struct command *commands;

-static int is_all_zeroes(const char *hex)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < 40; i++)
-		if (*hex++ != '0')
-			return 0;
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int verify_old_ref(const char *name, char *hex_contents)
-{
-	int fd, ret;
-	char buffer[60];
-
-	if (is_all_zeroes(hex_contents))
-		return 0;
-	fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		return -1;
-	ret = read(fd, buffer, 40);
-	close(fd);
-	if (ret != 40)
-		return -1;
-	if (memcmp(buffer, hex_contents, 40))
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static char update_hook[] = "hooks/update";

 static int run_update_hook(const char *refname,
@ -107,8 +93,8 @@ static int update(struct command *cmd)
 	const char *name = cmd->ref_name;
 	unsigned char *old_sha1 = cmd->old_sha1;
 	unsigned char *new_sha1 = cmd->new_sha1;
-	char new_hex[60], *old_hex, *lock_name;
-	int newfd, namelen, written;
+	char new_hex[41], old_hex[41];
+	struct ref_lock *lock;

 	cmd->error_string = NULL;
 	if (!strncmp(name, "refs/", 5) && check_ref_format(name + 5)) {
@ -117,13 +103,8 @@ static int update(struct command *cmd)
 			     name);
 	}

-	namelen = strlen(name);
-	lock_name = xmalloc(namelen + 10);
-	memcpy(lock_name, name, namelen);
-	memcpy(lock_name + namelen, ".lock", 6);
-
 	strcpy(new_hex, sha1_to_hex(new_sha1));
-	old_hex = sha1_to_hex(old_sha1);
+	strcpy(old_hex, sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
 	if (!has_sha1_file(new_sha1)) {
 		cmd->error_string = "bad pack";
 		return error("unpack should have generated %s, "
@ -144,47 +125,20 @@ static int update(struct command *cmd)
 			return error("denying non-fast forward;"
 				     " you should pull first");
 	}
-	safe_create_leading_directories(lock_name);
-
-	newfd = open(lock_name, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
-	if (newfd < 0) {
-		cmd->error_string = "can't lock";
-		return error("unable to create %s (%s)",
-			     lock_name, strerror(errno));
-	}
-
-	/* Write the ref with an ending '\n' */
-	new_hex[40] = '\n';
-	new_hex[41] = 0;
-	written = write(newfd, new_hex, 41);
-	/* Remove the '\n' again */
-	new_hex[40] = 0;
-
-	close(newfd);
-	if (written != 41) {
-		unlink(lock_name);
-		cmd->error_string = "can't write";
-		return error("unable to write %s", lock_name);
-	}
-	if (verify_old_ref(name, old_hex) < 0) {
-		unlink(lock_name);
-		cmd->error_string = "raced";
-		return error("%s changed during push", name);
-	}
 	if (run_update_hook(name, old_hex, new_hex)) {
-		unlink(lock_name);
 		cmd->error_string = "hook declined";
 		return error("hook declined to update %s", name);
 	}
-	else if (rename(lock_name, name) < 0) {
-		unlink(lock_name);
-		cmd->error_string = "can't rename";
-		return error("unable to replace %s", name);
-	}
-	else {
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s -> %s\n", name, old_hex, new_hex);
-		return 0;
+
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(name, old_sha1);
+	if (!lock) {
+		cmd->error_string = "failed to lock";
+		return error("failed to lock %s", name);
 	}
+	write_ref_sha1(lock, new_sha1, "push");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s -> %s\n", name, old_hex, new_hex);
+	return 0;
 }

 static char update_post_hook[] = "hooks/post-update";
@ -333,9 +287,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (!dir)
 		usage(receive_pack_usage);

-	if(!enter_repo(dir, 0))
+	if (!enter_repo(dir, 0))
 		die("'%s': unable to chdir or not a git archive", dir);

+	setup_ident();
+	git_config(receive_pack_config);
+
 	write_head_info();

 	/* EOF */
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@ -3,15 +3,193 @@

 #include <errno.h>

+struct ref_list {
+	struct ref_list *next;
+	unsigned char flag; /* ISSYMREF? ISPACKED? */
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static const char *parse_ref_line(char *line, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	/*
+	 * 42: the answer to everything.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, it happens to be the answer to
+	 *  40 (length of sha1 hex representation)
+	 *  +1 (space in between hex and name)
+	 *  +1 (newline at the end of the line)
+	 */
+	int len = strlen(line) - 42;
+
+	if (len <= 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!isspace(line[40]))
+		return NULL;
+	line += 41;
+	if (isspace(*line))
+		return NULL;
+	if (line[len] != '\n')
+		return NULL;
+	line[len] = 0;
+	return line;
+}
+
+static struct ref_list *add_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+				int flag, struct ref_list *list)
+{
+	int len;
+	struct ref_list **p = &list, *entry;
+
+	/* Find the place to insert the ref into.. */
+	while ((entry = *p) != NULL) {
+		int cmp = strcmp(entry->name, name);
+		if (cmp > 0)
+			break;
+
+		/* Same as existing entry? */
+		if (!cmp)
+			return list;
+		p = &entry->next;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate it and add it in.. */
+	len = strlen(name) + 1;
+	entry = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref_list) + len);
+	hashcpy(entry->sha1, sha1);
+	memcpy(entry->name, name, len);
+	entry->flag = flag;
+	entry->next = *p;
+	*p = entry;
+	return list;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Future: need to be in "struct repository"
+ * when doing a full libification.
+ */
+struct cached_refs {
+	char did_loose;
+	char did_packed;
+	struct ref_list *loose;
+	struct ref_list *packed;
+} cached_refs;
+
+static void free_ref_list(struct ref_list *list)
+{
+	struct ref_list *next;
+	for ( ; list; list = next) {
+		next = list->next;
+		free(list);
+	}
+}
+
+static void invalidate_cached_refs(void)
+{
+	struct cached_refs *ca = &cached_refs;
+
+	if (ca->did_loose && ca->loose)
+		free_ref_list(ca->loose);
+	if (ca->did_packed && ca->packed)
+		free_ref_list(ca->packed);
+	ca->loose = ca->packed = NULL;
+	ca->did_loose = ca->did_packed = 0;
+}
+
+static struct ref_list *get_packed_refs(void)
+{
+	if (!cached_refs.did_packed) {
+		struct ref_list *refs = NULL;
+		FILE *f = fopen(git_path("packed-refs"), "r");
+		if (f) {
+			struct ref_list *list = NULL;
+			char refline[PATH_MAX];
+			while (fgets(refline, sizeof(refline), f)) {
+				unsigned char sha1[20];
+				const char *name = parse_ref_line(refline, sha1);
+				if (!name)
+					continue;
+				list = add_ref(name, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, list);
+			}
+			fclose(f);
+			refs = list;
+		}
+		cached_refs.packed = refs;
+		cached_refs.did_packed = 1;
+	}
+	return cached_refs.packed;
+}
+
+static struct ref_list *get_ref_dir(const char *base, struct ref_list *list)
+{
+	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("%s", base));
+
+	if (dir) {
+		struct dirent *de;
+		int baselen = strlen(base);
+		char *ref = xmalloc(baselen + 257);
+
+		memcpy(ref, base, baselen);
+		if (baselen && base[baselen-1] != '/')
+			ref[baselen++] = '/';
+
+		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			struct stat st;
+			int flag;
+			int namelen;
+
+			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+				continue;
+			namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
+			if (namelen > 255)
+				continue;
+			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
+				continue;
+			memcpy(ref + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
+			if (stat(git_path("%s", ref), &st) < 0)
+				continue;
+			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+				list = get_ref_dir(ref, list);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, &flag)) {
+				error("%s points nowhere!", ref);
+				continue;
+			}
+			list = add_ref(ref, sha1, flag, list);
+		}
+		free(ref);
+		closedir(dir);
+	}
+	return list;
+}
+
+static struct ref_list *get_loose_refs(void)
+{
+	if (!cached_refs.did_loose) {
+		cached_refs.loose = get_ref_dir("refs", NULL);
+		cached_refs.did_loose = 1;
+	}
+	return cached_refs.loose;
+}
+
 /* We allow "recursive" symbolic refs. Only within reason, though */
 #define MAXDEPTH 5

-const char *resolve_ref(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, int reading)
+const char *resolve_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
 {
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH, len;
 	char buffer[256];
+	static char ref_buffer[256];
+
+	if (flag)
+		*flag = 0;

 	for (;;) {
+		const char *path = git_path("%s", ref);
 		struct stat st;
 		char *buf;
 		int fd;
@ -27,17 +205,31 @@ const char *resolve_ref(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, int reading)
 		 * reading.
 		 */
 		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
+			struct ref_list *list = get_packed_refs();
+			while (list) {
+				if (!strcmp(ref, list->name)) {
+					hashcpy(sha1, list->sha1);
+					if (flag)
+						*flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
+					return ref;
+				}
+				list = list->next;
+			}
 			if (reading || errno != ENOENT)
 				return NULL;
 			hashclr(sha1);
-			return path;
+			return ref;
 		}

 		/* Follow "normalized" - ie "refs/.." symlinks by hand */
 		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
 			len = readlink(path, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
 			if (len >= 5 && !memcmp("refs/", buffer, 5)) {
-				path = git_path("%.*s", len, buffer);
+				buffer[len] = 0;
+				strcpy(ref_buffer, buffer);
+				ref = ref_buffer;
+				if (flag)
+					*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
@ -68,19 +260,24 @@ const char *resolve_ref(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, int reading)
 		while (len && isspace(*buf))
 			buf++, len--;
 		while (len && isspace(buf[len-1]))
-			buf[--len] = 0;
-		path = git_path("%.*s", len, buf);
+			len--;
+		buf[len] = 0;
+		memcpy(ref_buffer, buf, len + 1);
+		ref = ref_buffer;
+		if (flag)
+			*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
 	}
 	if (len < 40 || get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1))
 		return NULL;
-	return path;
+	return ref;
 }

-int create_symref(const char *git_HEAD, const char *refs_heads_master)
+int create_symref(const char *ref_target, const char *refs_heads_master)
 {
 	const char *lockpath;
 	char ref[1000];
 	int fd, len, written;
+	const char *git_HEAD = git_path("%s", ref_target);

 #ifndef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
 	if (prefer_symlink_refs) {
@ -118,104 +315,101 @@ int create_symref(const char *git_HEAD, const char *refs_heads_master)
 	return 0;
 }

-int read_ref(const char *filename, unsigned char *sha1)
+int read_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	if (resolve_ref(filename, sha1, 1))
+	if (resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, NULL))
 		return 0;
 	return -1;
 }

-static int do_for_each_ref(const char *base, int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1), int trim)
+static int do_for_each_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
+			   void *cb_data)
 {
-	int retval = 0;
-	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("%s", base));
+	int retval;
+	struct ref_list *packed = get_packed_refs();
+	struct ref_list *loose = get_loose_refs();

-	if (dir) {
-		struct dirent *de;
-		int baselen = strlen(base);
-		char *path = xmalloc(baselen + 257);
-
-		if (!strncmp(base, "./", 2)) {
-			base += 2;
-			baselen -= 2;
+	while (packed && loose) {
+		struct ref_list *entry;
+		int cmp = strcmp(packed->name, loose->name);
+		if (!cmp) {
+			packed = packed->next;
+			continue;
 		}
-		memcpy(path, base, baselen);
-		if (baselen && base[baselen-1] != '/')
-			path[baselen++] = '/';
-
-		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			struct stat st;
-			int namelen;
-
-			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
-				continue;
-			namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
-			if (namelen > 255)
-				continue;
-			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
-				continue;
-			memcpy(path + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
-			if (stat(git_path("%s", path), &st) < 0)
-				continue;
-			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-				retval = do_for_each_ref(path, fn, trim);
-				if (retval)
-					break;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (read_ref(git_path("%s", path), sha1) < 0) {
-				error("%s points nowhere!", path);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
-				error("%s does not point to a valid "
-				      "commit object!", path);
-				continue;
-			}
-			retval = fn(path + trim, sha1);
-			if (retval)
-				break;
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			entry = loose;
+			loose = loose->next;
+		} else {
+			entry = packed;
+			packed = packed->next;
 		}
-		free(path);
-		closedir(dir);
+		if (strncmp(base, entry->name, trim))
+			continue;
+		if (is_null_sha1(entry->sha1))
+			continue;
+		if (!has_sha1_file(entry->sha1)) {
+			error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		retval = fn(entry->name + trim, entry->sha1,
+			    entry->flag, cb_data);
+		if (retval)
+			return retval;
 	}
-	return retval;
-}

-int head_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1))
-{
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	if (!read_ref(git_path("HEAD"), sha1))
-		return fn("HEAD", sha1);
+	packed = packed ? packed : loose;
+	while (packed) {
+		if (!strncmp(base, packed->name, trim)) {
+			retval = fn(packed->name + trim, packed->sha1,
+				    packed->flag, cb_data);
+			if (retval)
+				return retval;
+		}
+		packed = packed->next;
+	}
 	return 0;
 }

-int for_each_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1))
+int head_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref("refs", fn, 0);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flag;
+
+	if (resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 1, &flag))
+		return fn("HEAD", sha1, flag, cb_data);
+	return 0;
 }

-int for_each_tag_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1))
+int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref("refs/tags", fn, 10);
+	return do_for_each_ref("refs/", fn, 0, cb_data);
 }

-int for_each_branch_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1))
+int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref("refs/heads", fn, 11);
+	return do_for_each_ref("refs/tags/", fn, 10, cb_data);
 }

-int for_each_remote_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1))
+int for_each_branch_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref("refs/remotes", fn, 13);
+	return do_for_each_ref("refs/heads/", fn, 11, cb_data);
 }

+int for_each_remote_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref("refs/remotes/", fn, 13, cb_data);
+}
+
+/* NEEDSWORK: This is only used by ssh-upload and it should go; the
+ * caller should do resolve_ref or read_ref like everybody else.  Or
+ * maybe everybody else should use get_ref_sha1() instead of doing
+ * read_ref().
+ */
 int get_ref_sha1(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	if (check_ref_format(ref))
 		return -1;
-	return read_ref(git_path("refs/%s", ref), sha1);
+	return read_ref(mkpath("refs/%s", ref), sha1);
 }

 /*
@ -273,22 +467,13 @@ int check_ref_format(const char *ref)
 static struct ref_lock *verify_lock(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist)
 {
-	char buf[40];
-	int nr, fd = open(lock->ref_file, O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0 && (mustexist || errno != ENOENT)) {
-		error("Can't verify ref %s", lock->ref_file);
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	nr = read(fd, buf, 40);
-	close(fd);
-	if (nr != 40 || get_sha1_hex(buf, lock->old_sha1) < 0) {
-		error("Can't verify ref %s", lock->ref_file);
+	if (!resolve_ref(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, NULL)) {
+		error("Can't verify ref %s", lock->ref_name);
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	if (hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, old_sha1)) {
-		error("Ref %s is at %s but expected %s", lock->ref_file,
+		error("Ref %s is at %s but expected %s", lock->ref_name,
 			sha1_to_hex(lock->old_sha1), sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return NULL;
@ -296,54 +481,223 @@ static struct ref_lock *verify_lock(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	return lock;
 }

-static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *path,
-	int plen,
-	const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist)
+static int remove_empty_dir_recursive(char *path, int len)
 {
-	const char *orig_path = path;
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+	if (path[len-1] != '/')
+		path[len++] = '/';
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+		int namlen;
+		if ((e->d_name[0] == '.') &&
+		    ((e->d_name[1] == 0) ||
+		     ((e->d_name[1] == '.') && e->d_name[2] == 0)))
+			continue; /* "." and ".." */
+
+		namlen = strlen(e->d_name);
+		if ((len + namlen < PATH_MAX) &&
+		    strcpy(path + len, e->d_name) &&
+		    !lstat(path, &st) &&
+		    S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) &&
+		    !remove_empty_dir_recursive(path, len + namlen))
+			continue; /* happy */
+
+		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
+		ret = -1;
+		break;
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+	if (!ret) {
+		path[len] = 0;
+		ret = rmdir(path);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int remove_empty_directories(char *file)
+{
+	/* we want to create a file but there is a directory there;
+	 * if that is an empty directory (or a directory that contains
+	 * only empty directories), remove them.
+	 */
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	int len = strlen(file);
+
+	if (len >= PATH_MAX) /* path too long ;-) */
+		return -1;
+	strcpy(path, file);
+	return remove_empty_dir_recursive(path, len);
+}
+
+static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1, int *flag)
+{
+	char *ref_file;
+	const char *orig_ref = ref;
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
 	struct stat st;
+	int last_errno = 0;
+	int mustexist = (old_sha1 && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1));

 	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_lock));
 	lock->lock_fd = -1;

-	plen = strlen(path) - plen;
-	path = resolve_ref(path, lock->old_sha1, mustexist);
-	if (!path) {
-		int last_errno = errno;
-		error("unable to resolve reference %s: %s",
-			orig_path, strerror(errno));
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		errno = last_errno;
-		return NULL;
+	ref = resolve_ref(ref, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, flag);
+	if (!ref && errno == EISDIR) {
+		/* we are trying to lock foo but we used to
+		 * have foo/bar which now does not exist;
+		 * it is normal for the empty directory 'foo'
+		 * to remain.
+		 */
+		ref_file = git_path("%s", orig_ref);
+		if (remove_empty_directories(ref_file)) {
+			last_errno = errno;
+			error("there are still refs under '%s'", orig_ref);
+			goto error_return;
+		}
+		ref = resolve_ref(orig_ref, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, flag);
 	}
+	if (!ref) {
+		last_errno = errno;
+		error("unable to resolve reference %s: %s",
+			orig_ref, strerror(errno));
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+	if (is_null_sha1(lock->old_sha1)) {
+		/* The ref did not exist and we are creating it.
+		 * Make sure there is no existing ref that is packed
+		 * whose name begins with our refname, nor a ref whose
+		 * name is a proper prefix of our refname.
+		 */
+		int namlen = strlen(ref); /* e.g. 'foo/bar' */
+		struct ref_list *list = get_packed_refs();
+		while (list) {
+			/* list->name could be 'foo' or 'foo/bar/baz' */
+			int len = strlen(list->name);
+			int cmplen = (namlen < len) ? namlen : len;
+			const char *lead = (namlen < len) ? list->name : ref;
+
+			if (!strncmp(ref, list->name, cmplen) &&
+			    lead[cmplen] == '/') {
+				error("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
+				      list->name, ref);
+				goto error_return;
+			}
+			list = list->next;
+		}
+	}
+
 	lock->lk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));

-	lock->ref_file = xstrdup(path);
-	lock->log_file = xstrdup(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_file + plen));
-	lock->force_write = lstat(lock->ref_file, &st) && errno == ENOENT;
+	lock->ref_name = xstrdup(ref);
+	lock->log_file = xstrdup(git_path("logs/%s", ref));
+	ref_file = git_path("%s", ref);
+	lock->force_write = lstat(ref_file, &st) && errno == ENOENT;

-	if (safe_create_leading_directories(lock->ref_file))
-		die("unable to create directory for %s", lock->ref_file);
-	lock->lock_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock->lk, lock->ref_file, 1);
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories(ref_file)) {
+		last_errno = errno;
+		error("unable to create directory for %s", ref_file);
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+	lock->lock_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock->lk, ref_file, 1);

 	return old_sha1 ? verify_lock(lock, old_sha1, mustexist) : lock;
+
+ error_return:
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	errno = last_errno;
+	return NULL;
 }

-struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *ref,
-	const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist)
+struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 {
+	char refpath[PATH_MAX];
 	if (check_ref_format(ref))
 		return NULL;
-	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(git_path("refs/%s", ref),
-		5 + strlen(ref), old_sha1, mustexist);
+	strcpy(refpath, mkpath("refs/%s", ref));
+	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refpath, old_sha1, NULL);
 }

-struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *ref,
-	const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist)
+struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 {
-	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(git_path("%s", ref),
-		strlen(ref), old_sha1, mustexist);
+	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(ref, old_sha1, NULL);
+}
+
+static struct lock_file packlock;
+
+static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct ref_list *list, *packed_ref_list;
+	int fd;
+	int found = 0;
+
+	packed_ref_list = get_packed_refs();
+	for (list = packed_ref_list; list; list = list->next) {
+		if (!strcmp(refname, list->name)) {
+			found = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!found)
+		return 0;
+	memset(&packlock, 0, sizeof(packlock));
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), 0);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refname);
+
+	for (list = packed_ref_list; list; list = list->next) {
+		char line[PATH_MAX + 100];
+		int len;
+
+		if (!strcmp(refname, list->name))
+			continue;
+		len = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "%s %s\n",
+			       sha1_to_hex(list->sha1), list->name);
+		/* this should not happen but just being defensive */
+		if (len > sizeof(line))
+			die("too long a refname '%s'", list->name);
+		write_or_die(fd, line, len);
+	}
+	return commit_lock_file(&packlock);
+}
+
+int delete_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	int err, i, ret = 0, flag = 0;
+
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, &flag);
+	if (!lock)
+		return 1;
+	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED)) {
+		/* loose */
+		i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
+		lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
+		err = unlink(lock->lk->filename);
+		if (err) {
+			ret = 1;
+			error("unlink(%s) failed: %s",
+			      lock->lk->filename, strerror(errno));
+		}
+		lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
+	}
+	/* removing the loose one could have resurrected an earlier
+	 * packed one.  Also, if it was not loose we need to repack
+	 * without it.
+	 */
+	ret |= repack_without_ref(refname);
+
+	err = unlink(lock->log_file);
+	if (err && errno != ENOENT)
+		fprintf(stderr, "warning: unlink(%s) failed: %s",
+			lock->log_file, strerror(errno));
+	invalidate_cached_refs();
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return ret;
 }

 void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
@ -354,7 +708,7 @@ void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
 		if (lock->lk)
 			rollback_lock_file(lock->lk);
 	}
-	free(lock->ref_file);
+	free(lock->ref_name);
 	free(lock->log_file);
 	free(lock);
 }
@ -367,7 +721,8 @@ static int log_ref_write(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	char *logrec;
 	const char *committer;

-	if (log_all_ref_updates) {
+	if (log_all_ref_updates &&
+	    !strncmp(lock->ref_name, "refs/heads/", 11)) {
 		if (safe_create_leading_directories(lock->log_file) < 0)
 			return error("unable to create directory for %s",
 				lock->log_file);
@ -376,10 +731,20 @@ static int log_ref_write(struct ref_lock *lock,

 	logfd = open(lock->log_file, oflags, 0666);
 	if (logfd < 0) {
-		if (!log_all_ref_updates && errno == ENOENT)
+		if (!(oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == ENOENT)
 			return 0;
-		return error("Unable to append to %s: %s",
-			lock->log_file, strerror(errno));
+
+		if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EISDIR) {
+			if (remove_empty_directories(lock->log_file)) {
+				return error("There are still logs under '%s'",
+					     lock->log_file);
+			}
+			logfd = open(lock->log_file, oflags, 0666);
+		}
+
+		if (logfd < 0)
+			return error("Unable to append to %s: %s",
+				     lock->log_file, strerror(errno));
 	}

 	committer = git_committer_info(1);
@ -426,12 +791,13 @@ int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return -1;
 	}
+	invalidate_cached_refs();
 	if (log_ref_write(lock, sha1, logmsg) < 0) {
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (commit_lock_file(lock->lk)) {
-		error("Couldn't set %s", lock->ref_file);
+		error("Couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return -1;
 	}
@ -440,7 +806,7 @@ int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	return 0;
 }

-int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, unsigned char *sha1)
+int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, int cnt, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	const char *logfile, *logdata, *logend, *rec, *lastgt, *lastrec;
 	char *tz_c;
@ -473,7 +839,7 @@ int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, unsigned char *sha1)
 		if (!lastgt)
 			die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
 		date = strtoul(lastgt + 1, &tz_c, 10);
-		if (date <= at_time) {
+		if (date <= at_time || cnt == 0) {
 			if (lastrec) {
 				if (get_sha1_hex(lastrec, logged_sha1))
 					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
@ -504,6 +870,8 @@ int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, unsigned char *sha1)
 			return 0;
 		}
 		lastrec = rec;
+		if (cnt > 0)
+			cnt--;
 	}

 	rec = logdata;
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define REFS_H

 struct ref_lock {
-	char *ref_file;
+	char *ref_name;
 	char *log_file;
 	struct lock_file *lk;
 	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
@ -14,20 +14,23 @@ struct ref_lock {
 * Calls the specified function for each ref file until it returns nonzero,
 * and returns the value
 */
-extern int head_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1));
-extern int for_each_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1));
-extern int for_each_tag_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1));
-extern int for_each_branch_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1));
-extern int for_each_remote_ref(int (*fn)(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1));
+#define REF_ISSYMREF 01
+#define REF_ISPACKED 02
+typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
+extern int head_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_branch_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_remote_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);

 /** Reads the refs file specified into sha1 **/
 extern int get_ref_sha1(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1);

 /** Locks a "refs/" ref returning the lock on success and NULL on failure. **/
-extern struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist);
+extern struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1);

 /** Locks any ref (for 'HEAD' type refs). */
-extern struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist);
+extern struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1);

 /** Release any lock taken but not written. **/
 extern void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ extern void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
 extern int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *msg);

 /** Reads log for the value of ref during at_time. **/
-extern int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, int cnt, unsigned char *sha1);

 /** Returns 0 if target has the right format for a ref. **/
 extern int check_ref_format(const char *target);
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@ -418,9 +418,6 @@ static void limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)

 		if (revs->max_age != -1 && (commit->date < revs->max_age))
 			obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-		if (revs->unpacked &&
-		    has_sha1_pack(obj->sha1, revs->ignore_packed))
-			obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 		add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &list);
 		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
@ -468,7 +465,7 @@ static void limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 static int all_flags;
 static struct rev_info *all_revs;

-static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *object = get_reference(all_revs, path, sha1, all_flags);
 	add_pending_object(all_revs, object, "");
@ -479,7 +476,7 @@ static void handle_all(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
 {
 	all_revs = revs;
 	all_flags = flags;
-	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref);
+	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, NULL);
 }

 static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg, int flags)
@ -1015,7 +1012,7 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, const ch
 		add_pending_object(revs, object, def);
 	}

-	if (revs->topo_order || revs->unpacked)
+	if (revs->topo_order)
 		revs->limited = 1;

 	if (revs->prune_data) {
@ -1149,17 +1146,18 @@ struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs)
 		 * that we'd otherwise have done in limit_list().
 		 */
 		if (!revs->limited) {
-			if ((revs->unpacked &&
-			     has_sha1_pack(commit->object.sha1,
-					   revs->ignore_packed)) ||
-			    (revs->max_age != -1 &&
-			     (commit->date < revs->max_age)))
+			if (revs->max_age != -1 &&
+			    (commit->date < revs->max_age))
 				continue;
 			add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &revs->commits);
 		}
 		if (commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
 			continue;

+		if (revs->unpacked && has_sha1_pack(commit->object.sha1,
+						    revs->ignore_packed))
+		    continue;
+
 		/* We want to show boundary commits only when their
 		 * children are shown.  When path-limiter is in effect,
 		 * rewrite_parents() drops some commits from getting shown,
--- a/send-pack.c
+++ b/send-pack.c
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ static int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1,
 static struct ref *local_refs, **local_tail;
 static struct ref *remote_refs, **remote_tail;

-static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int len = strlen(refname) + 1;
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 static void get_local_heads(void)
 {
 	local_tail = &local_refs;
-	for_each_ref(one_local_ref);
+	for_each_ref(one_local_ref, NULL);
 }

 static int receive_status(int in)
--- a/server-info.c
+++ b/server-info.c
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 /* refs */
 static FILE *info_ref_fp;

-static int add_info_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int add_info_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ static int update_info_refs(int force)
 	info_ref_fp = fopen(path1, "w");
 	if (!info_ref_fp)
 		return error("unable to update %s", path0);
-	for_each_ref(add_info_ref);
+	for_each_ref(add_info_ref, NULL);
 	fclose(info_ref_fp);
 	rename(path1, path0);
 	free(path0);
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@ -244,8 +244,6 @@ int check_repository_format_version(const char *var, const char *value)
               repository_format_version = git_config_int(var, value);
 	else if (strcmp(var, "core.sharedrepository") == 0)
 		shared_repository = git_config_perm(var, value);
-	else if (strcmp(var, "receive.denynonfastforwards") == 0)
-		deny_non_fast_forwards = git_config_bool(var, value);
       return 0;
 }

--- a/sha1_file.c
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@ -1417,9 +1417,10 @@ static int link_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
 	dir = strrchr(filename, '/');
 	if (dir) {
 		*dir = 0;
-		mkdir(filename, 0777);
-		if (adjust_shared_perm(filename))
+		if (!mkdir(filename, 0777) && adjust_shared_perm(filename)) {
+			*dir = '/';
 			return -2;
+		}
 		*dir = '/';
 		if (!link(tmpfile, filename))
 			return 0;
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@ -247,26 +247,25 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		NULL
 	};
 	static const char *warning = "warning: refname '%.*s' is ambiguous.\n";
-	const char **p, *pathname;
-	char *real_path = NULL;
-	int refs_found = 0, am;
-	unsigned long at_time = (unsigned long)-1;
+	const char **p, *ref;
+	char *real_ref = NULL;
+	int refs_found = 0;
+	int at, reflog_len;
 	unsigned char *this_result;
 	unsigned char sha1_from_ref[20];

 	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1))
 		return 0;

-	/* At a given period of time? "@{2 hours ago}" */
-	for (am = 1; am < len - 1; am++) {
-		if (str[am] == '@' && str[am+1] == '{' && str[len-1] == '}') {
-			int date_len = len - am - 3;
-			char *date_spec = xmalloc(date_len + 1);
-			strlcpy(date_spec, str + am + 2, date_len + 1);
-			at_time = approxidate(date_spec);
-			free(date_spec);
-			len = am;
-			break;
+	/* basic@{time or number} format to query ref-log */
+	reflog_len = at = 0;
+	if (str[len-1] == '}') {
+		for (at = 1; at < len - 1; at++) {
+			if (str[at] == '@' && str[at+1] == '{') {
+				reflog_len = (len-1) - (at+2);
+				len = at;
+				break;
+			}
 		}
 	}

@ -276,10 +275,10 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)

 	for (p = fmt; *p; p++) {
 		this_result = refs_found ? sha1_from_ref : sha1;
-		pathname = resolve_ref(git_path(*p, len, str), this_result, 1);
-		if (pathname) {
+		ref = resolve_ref(mkpath(*p, len, str), this_result, 1, NULL);
+		if (ref) {
 			if (!refs_found++)
-				real_path = xstrdup(pathname);
+				real_ref = xstrdup(ref);
 			if (!warn_ambiguous_refs)
 				break;
 		}
@ -291,14 +290,25 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (warn_ambiguous_refs && refs_found > 1)
 		fprintf(stderr, warning, len, str);

-	if (at_time != (unsigned long)-1) {
-		read_ref_at(
-			real_path + strlen(git_path(".")) - 1,
-			at_time,
-			sha1);
+	if (reflog_len) {
+		/* Is it asking for N-th entry, or approxidate? */
+		int nth, i;
+		unsigned long at_time;
+		for (i = nth = 0; 0 <= nth && i < reflog_len; i++) {
+			char ch = str[at+2+i];
+			if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
+				nth = nth * 10 + ch - '0';
+			else
+				nth = -1;
+		}
+		if (0 <= nth)
+			at_time = 0;
+		else
+			at_time = approxidate(str + at + 2);
+		read_ref_at(real_ref, at_time, nth, sha1);
 	}

-	free(real_path);
+	free(real_ref);
 	return 0;
 }

--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@ -30,11 +30,8 @@ rm -f .git/$m
 test_expect_success \
 	"fail to create $n" \
 	"touch .git/$n_dir
-	 git-update-ref $n $A >out 2>err
-	 test "'$? = 1 &&
-	 test "" = "$(cat out)" &&
-	 grep "error: unable to resolve reference" err &&
-	 grep '"$n err"
+	 git-update-ref $n $A >out 2>err"'
+	 test $? != 0'
 rm -f .git/$n_dir out err

 test_expect_success \
--- a/t/t3200-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@ -17,13 +17,10 @@ test_expect_success \
     git-commit -m "Initial commit." &&
     HEAD=$(git-rev-parse --verify HEAD)'

-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch --help should return success now.' \
-    'git-branch --help'
-
 test_expect_failure \
    'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' \
-    'test -f .git/refs/heads/--help'
+    'git-branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null || :
+     test -f .git/refs/heads/--help'

 test_expect_success \
    'git branch abc should create a branch' \
@ -34,7 +31,7 @@ test_expect_success \
    'git-branch a/b/c && test -f .git/refs/heads/a/b/c'

 cat >expect <<EOF
-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from HEAD
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
 test_expect_success \
    'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' \
--- a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Amos Waterland
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Christian Couder
+#
+
+test_description='git pack-refs should not change the branch semantic
+
+This test runs git pack-refs and git show-ref and checks that the branch
+semantic is still the same.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+echo '[core] logallrefupdates = true' >>.git/config
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare a trivial repository' \
+    'echo Hello > A &&
+     git-update-index --add A &&
+     git-commit -m "Initial commit." &&
+     HEAD=$(git-rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
+
+SHA1=
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'see if git show-ref works as expected' \
+    'git-branch a &&
+     SHA1=`cat .git/refs/heads/a` &&
+     echo "$SHA1 refs/heads/a" >expect &&
+     git-show-ref a >result &&
+     diff expect result'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'see if a branch still exists when packed' \
+    'git-branch b &&
+     git-pack-refs --all &&
+     rm .git/refs/heads/b &&
+     echo "$SHA1 refs/heads/b" >expect &&
+     git-show-ref b >result &&
+     diff expect result'
+
+test_expect_failure \
+    'git branch c/d should barf if branch c exists' \
+    'git-branch c &&
+     git-pack-refs --all &&
+     rm .git/refs/heads/c &&
+     git-branch c/d'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'see if a branch still exists after git pack-refs --prune' \
+    'git-branch e &&
+     git-pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     echo "$SHA1 refs/heads/e" >expect &&
+     git-show-ref e >result &&
+     diff expect result'
+
+test_expect_failure \
+    'see if git pack-refs --prune remove ref files' \
+    'git-branch f &&
+     git-pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     ls .git/refs/heads/f'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch g should work when git branch g/h has been deleted' \
+    'git-branch g/h &&
+     git-pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     git-branch -d g/h &&
+     git-branch g &&
+     git-pack-refs --all &&
+     git-branch -d g'
+
+test_expect_failure \
+    'git branch i/j/k should barf if branch i exists' \
+    'git-branch i &&
+     git-pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     git-branch i/j/k'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'test git branch k after branch k/l/m and k/lm have been deleted' \
+    'git-branch k/l &&
+     git-branch k/lm &&
+     git-branch -d k/l &&
+     git-branch k/l/m &&
+     git-branch -d k/l/m &&
+     git-branch -d k/lm &&
+     git-branch k'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'test git branch n after some branch deletion and pruning' \
+    'git-branch n/o &&
+     git-branch n/op &&
+     git-branch -d n/o &&
+     git-branch n/o/p &&
+     git-branch -d n/op &&
+     git-pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     git-branch -d n/o/p &&
+     git-branch n'
+
+test_done
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@ -215,6 +215,24 @@ int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, const cha
 	return retval;
 }

+int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int retval;
+	void *tree;
+	struct tree_desc empty, real;
+
+	tree = read_object_with_reference(new, tree_type, &real.size, NULL);
+	if (!tree)
+		die("unable to read root tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(new));
+	real.buf = tree;
+
+	empty.size = 0;
+	empty.buf = "";
+	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, base, opt);
+	free(tree);
+	return retval;
+}
+
 static int count_paths(const char **paths)
 {
 	int i = 0;
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 	}
 }

-static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	static const char *capabilities = "multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta";
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
@ -448,8 +448,8 @@ static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 static void upload_pack(void)
 {
 	reset_timeout();
-	head_ref(send_ref);
-	for_each_ref(send_ref);
+	head_ref(send_ref, NULL);
+	for_each_ref(send_ref, NULL);
 	packet_flush(1);
 	receive_needs();
 	if (want_obj.nr) {
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@ -41,10 +41,8 @@ void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s)

 	s->is_initial = get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) ? 1 : 0;

-	head = resolve_ref(git_path("HEAD"), sha1, 0);
-	s->branch = head ?
-		    strdup(head + strlen(get_git_dir()) + 1) :
-		    NULL;
+	head = resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+	s->branch = head ? xstrdup(head) : NULL;

 	s->reference = "HEAD";
 	s->amend = 0;