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cat-file: support "unordered" output for --batch-all-objects
If you're going to access the contents of every object in a packfile, it's generally much more efficient to do so in pack order, rather than in hash order. That increases the locality of access within the packfile, which in turn is friendlier to the delta base cache, since the packfile puts related deltas next to each other. By contrast, hash order is effectively random, since the sha1 has no discernible relationship to the content. This patch introduces an "--unordered" option to cat-file which iterates over packs in pack-order under the hood. You can see the results when dumping all of the file content: $ time ./git cat-file --batch-all-objects --buffer --batch | wc -c 6883195596 real 0m44.491s user 0m42.902s sys 0m5.230s $ time ./git cat-file --unordered \ --batch-all-objects --buffer --batch | wc -c 6883195596 real 0m6.075s user 0m4.774s sys 0m3.548s Same output, different order, way faster. The same speed-up applies even if you end up accessing the object content in a different process, like: git cat-file --batch-all-objects --buffer --batch-check | grep blob | git cat-file --batch='%(objectname) %(rest)' | wc -c Adding "--unordered" to the first command drops the runtime in git.git from 24s to 3.5s. Side note: there are actually further speedups available for doing it all in-process now. Since we are outputting the object content during the actual pack iteration, we know where to find the object and could skip the extra lookup done by oid_object_info(). This patch stops short of that optimization since the underlying API isn't ready for us to make those sorts of direct requests. So if --unordered is so much better, why not make it the default? Two reasons: 1. We've promised in the documentation that --batch-all-objects outputs in hash order. Since cat-file is plumbing, people may be relying on that default, and we can't change it. 2. It's actually _slower_ for some cases. We have to compute the pack revindex to walk in pack order. And our de-duplication step uses an oidset, rather than a sort-and-dedup, which can end up being more expensive. If we're just accessing the type and size of each object, for example, like: git cat-file --batch-all-objects --buffer --batch-check my best-of-five warm cache timings go from 900ms to 1100ms using --unordered. Though it's possible in a cold-cache or under memory pressure that we could do better, since we'd have better locality within the packfile. And one final question: why is it "--unordered" and not "--pack-order"? The answer is again two-fold: 1. "pack order" isn't a well-defined thing across the whole set of objects. We're hitting loose objects, as well as objects in multiple packs, and the only ordering we're promising is _within_ a single pack. The rest is apparently random. 2. The point here is optimization. So we don't want to promise any particular ordering, but only to say that we will choose an ordering which is likely to be efficient for accessing the object content. That leaves the door open for further changes in the future without having to add another compatibility option. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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@ -104,6 +104,16 @@ OPTIONS
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buffering; this is much more efficient when invoking
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`--batch-check` on a large number of objects.
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--unordered::
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When `--batch-all-objects` is in use, visit objects in an
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order which may be more efficient for accessing the object
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contents than hash order. The exact details of the order are
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unspecified, but if you do not require a specific order, this
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should generally result in faster output, especially with
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`--batch`. Note that `cat-file` will still show each object
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only once, even if it is stored multiple times in the
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repository.
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--allow-unknown-type::
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Allow -s or -t to query broken/corrupt objects of unknown type.
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@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ struct batch_options {
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int print_contents;
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int buffer_output;
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int all_objects;
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int unordered;
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int cmdmode; /* may be 'w' or 'c' for --filters or --textconv */
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const char *format;
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};
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@ -410,6 +411,7 @@ static void batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, struct batch_options *opt,
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struct object_cb_data {
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struct batch_options *opt;
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struct expand_data *expand;
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struct oidset *seen;
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};
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static int batch_object_cb(const struct object_id *oid, void *vdata)
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@ -437,6 +439,32 @@ static int collect_packed_object(const struct object_id *oid,
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return 0;
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}
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static int batch_unordered_object(const struct object_id *oid, void *vdata)
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{
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struct object_cb_data *data = vdata;
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if (oidset_contains(data->seen, oid))
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return 0;
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oidset_insert(data->seen, oid);
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return batch_object_cb(oid, data);
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}
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static int batch_unordered_loose(const struct object_id *oid,
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const char *path,
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void *data)
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{
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return batch_unordered_object(oid, data);
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}
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static int batch_unordered_packed(const struct object_id *oid,
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struct packed_git *pack,
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uint32_t pos,
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void *data)
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{
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return batch_unordered_object(oid, data);
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}
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static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
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{
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struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
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@ -473,19 +501,35 @@ static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
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data.info.typep = &data.type;
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if (opt->all_objects) {
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struct oid_array sa = OID_ARRAY_INIT;
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struct object_cb_data cb;
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for_each_loose_object(collect_loose_object, &sa, 0);
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for_each_packed_object(collect_packed_object, &sa, 0);
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if (repository_format_partial_clone)
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warning("This repository has extensions.partialClone set. Some objects may not be loaded.");
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cb.opt = opt;
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cb.expand = &data;
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oid_array_for_each_unique(&sa, batch_object_cb, &cb);
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oid_array_clear(&sa);
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if (opt->unordered) {
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struct oidset seen = OIDSET_INIT;
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cb.seen = &seen;
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for_each_loose_object(batch_unordered_loose, &cb, 0);
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for_each_packed_object(batch_unordered_packed, &cb,
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FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
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oidset_clear(&seen);
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} else {
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struct oid_array sa = OID_ARRAY_INIT;
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for_each_loose_object(collect_loose_object, &sa, 0);
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for_each_packed_object(collect_packed_object, &sa, 0);
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oid_array_for_each_unique(&sa, batch_object_cb, &cb);
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oid_array_clear(&sa);
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}
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return 0;
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}
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@ -586,6 +630,8 @@ int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
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N_("follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)")),
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OPT_BOOL(0, "batch-all-objects", &batch.all_objects,
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N_("show all objects with --batch or --batch-check")),
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OPT_BOOL(0, "unordered", &batch.unordered,
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N_("do not order --batch-all-objects output")),
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OPT_END()
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};
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@ -575,4 +575,15 @@ test_expect_success 'cat-file --batch-all-objects shows all objects' '
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test_cmp expect actual
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'
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# The only user-visible difference is that the objects are no longer sorted,
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# and the resulting sort order is undefined. So we can only check that it
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# produces the same objects as the ordered case, but that at least exercises
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# the code.
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test_expect_success 'cat-file --unordered works' '
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git -C all-two cat-file --batch-all-objects --unordered \
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--batch-check="%(objectname)" >actual.unsorted &&
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sort <actual.unsorted >actual &&
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test_cmp expect actual
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'
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test_done
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