git/Documentation/git-submodule.txt

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git-submodule(1)
================
NAME
----
git-submodule - Initialize, update or inspect submodules
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force]
[--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase]
[--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Submodules allow foreign repositories to be embedded within
a dedicated subdirectory of the source tree, always pointed
at a particular commit.
They are not to be confused with remotes, which are meant mainly
for branches of the same project; submodules are meant for
different projects you would like to make part of your source tree,
while the history of the two projects still stays completely
independent and you cannot modify the contents of the submodule
from within the main project.
If you want to merge the project histories and want to treat the
aggregated whole as a single project from then on, you may want to
add a remote for the other project and use the 'subtree' merge strategy,
instead of treating the other project as a submodule. Directories
that come from both projects can be cloned and checked out as a whole
if you choose to go that route.
Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry
in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object
within the inner repository that is completely separate.
A record in the `.gitmodules` file at the root of the source
tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and describes
the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your
local repository configuration (see 'submodule init').
This command will manage the tree entries and contents of the
gitmodules file for you, as well as inspect the status of your
submodules and update them.
When adding a new submodule to the tree, the 'add' subcommand
is to be used. However, when pulling a tree containing submodules,
these will not be checked out by default;
the 'init' and 'update' subcommands will maintain submodules
checked out and at appropriate revision in your working tree.
You can briefly inspect the up-to-date status of your submodules
using the 'status' subcommand and get a detailed overview of the
difference between the index and checkouts using the 'summary'
subcommand.
COMMANDS
--------
add::
Add the given repository as a submodule at the given path
git-submodule - make "submodule add" more strict, and document it This change makes "submodule add" much more strict in the arguments it takes, and is intended to address confusion as recently noted on the git-list. With this change, the required syntax is: $ git submodule add URL path Specifically, this eliminates the form $ git submodule add URL which was confused by more than one person as $ git submodule add path With this patch, the URL locating the submodule's origin repository can be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./ or ../) can express the submodule's repository location relative to the superproject's origin. This patch also eliminates a third form of URL, which was relative to the superproject's top-level directory (not its repository). Any URL that was neither absolute nor matched ./*|../* was assumed to point to a subdirectory of the superproject as the location of the submodule's origin repository. This URL form was confusing and does not seem to correspond to an important use-case. Specifically, no-one has identified the need to clone from a repository already in the superproject's tree, but if this is needed it is easily done using an absolute URL: $(pwd)/relative-path. So, no functionality is lost with this patch. (t6008-rev-list-submodule.sh did rely upon this relative URL, fixed by using $(pwd).) Following this change, there are exactly four variants of submodule-add, as both arguments have two flavors: URL can be absolute, or can begin with ./|../ and thus names the submodule's origin relative to the superproject's origin. Note: With this patch, "submodule add" discerns an absolute URL as matching /*|*:*: e.g., URL begins with /, or it contains a :. This works for all valid URLs, an absolute path in POSIX, as well as an absolute path on Windows). path can either already exist as a valid git repo, or will be cloned from the given URL. The first form here eases creation of a new submodule in an existing superproject as the submodule can be added and tested in-tree before pushing to the public repository. However, the more usual form is the second, where the repo is cloned from the given URL. This specifically addresses the issue of $ git submodule add a/b/c attempting to clone from a repository at "a/b/c" to create a new module in "c". This also simplifies description of "relative URL" as there is now exactly *one* form: a URL relative to the parent's origin repo. Signed-off-by: Mark Levedahl <mlevedahl@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2008-07-10 01:05:40 +00:00
to the changeset to be committed next to the current
project: the current project is termed the "superproject".
git-submodule - make "submodule add" more strict, and document it This change makes "submodule add" much more strict in the arguments it takes, and is intended to address confusion as recently noted on the git-list. With this change, the required syntax is: $ git submodule add URL path Specifically, this eliminates the form $ git submodule add URL which was confused by more than one person as $ git submodule add path With this patch, the URL locating the submodule's origin repository can be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./ or ../) can express the submodule's repository location relative to the superproject's origin. This patch also eliminates a third form of URL, which was relative to the superproject's top-level directory (not its repository). Any URL that was neither absolute nor matched ./*|../* was assumed to point to a subdirectory of the superproject as the location of the submodule's origin repository. This URL form was confusing and does not seem to correspond to an important use-case. Specifically, no-one has identified the need to clone from a repository already in the superproject's tree, but if this is needed it is easily done using an absolute URL: $(pwd)/relative-path. So, no functionality is lost with this patch. (t6008-rev-list-submodule.sh did rely upon this relative URL, fixed by using $(pwd).) Following this change, there are exactly four variants of submodule-add, as both arguments have two flavors: URL can be absolute, or can begin with ./|../ and thus names the submodule's origin relative to the superproject's origin. Note: With this patch, "submodule add" discerns an absolute URL as matching /*|*:*: e.g., URL begins with /, or it contains a :. This works for all valid URLs, an absolute path in POSIX, as well as an absolute path on Windows). path can either already exist as a valid git repo, or will be cloned from the given URL. The first form here eases creation of a new submodule in an existing superproject as the submodule can be added and tested in-tree before pushing to the public repository. However, the more usual form is the second, where the repo is cloned from the given URL. This specifically addresses the issue of $ git submodule add a/b/c attempting to clone from a repository at "a/b/c" to create a new module in "c". This also simplifies description of "relative URL" as there is now exactly *one* form: a URL relative to the parent's origin repo. Signed-off-by: Mark Levedahl <mlevedahl@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2008-07-10 01:05:40 +00:00
+
This requires at least one argument: <repository>. The optional
argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule
to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
"humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
"/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
git-submodule - make "submodule add" more strict, and document it This change makes "submodule add" much more strict in the arguments it takes, and is intended to address confusion as recently noted on the git-list. With this change, the required syntax is: $ git submodule add URL path Specifically, this eliminates the form $ git submodule add URL which was confused by more than one person as $ git submodule add path With this patch, the URL locating the submodule's origin repository can be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./ or ../) can express the submodule's repository location relative to the superproject's origin. This patch also eliminates a third form of URL, which was relative to the superproject's top-level directory (not its repository). Any URL that was neither absolute nor matched ./*|../* was assumed to point to a subdirectory of the superproject as the location of the submodule's origin repository. This URL form was confusing and does not seem to correspond to an important use-case. Specifically, no-one has identified the need to clone from a repository already in the superproject's tree, but if this is needed it is easily done using an absolute URL: $(pwd)/relative-path. So, no functionality is lost with this patch. (t6008-rev-list-submodule.sh did rely upon this relative URL, fixed by using $(pwd).) Following this change, there are exactly four variants of submodule-add, as both arguments have two flavors: URL can be absolute, or can begin with ./|../ and thus names the submodule's origin relative to the superproject's origin. Note: With this patch, "submodule add" discerns an absolute URL as matching /*|*:*: e.g., URL begins with /, or it contains a :. This works for all valid URLs, an absolute path in POSIX, as well as an absolute path on Windows). path can either already exist as a valid git repo, or will be cloned from the given URL. The first form here eases creation of a new submodule in an existing superproject as the submodule can be added and tested in-tree before pushing to the public repository. However, the more usual form is the second, where the repo is cloned from the given URL. This specifically addresses the issue of $ git submodule add a/b/c attempting to clone from a repository at "a/b/c" to create a new module in "c". This also simplifies description of "relative URL" as there is now exactly *one* form: a URL relative to the parent's origin repo. Signed-off-by: Mark Levedahl <mlevedahl@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2008-07-10 01:05:40 +00:00
+
<repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
or ../), the location relative to the superproject's origin
repository.
+
<path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added
to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
+
In either case, the given URL is recorded into .gitmodules for
use by subsequent users cloning the superproject. If the URL is
given relative to the superproject's repository, the presumption
is the superproject and submodule repositories will be kept
together in the same relative location, and only the
superproject's URL needs to be provided: git-submodule will correctly
git-submodule - make "submodule add" more strict, and document it This change makes "submodule add" much more strict in the arguments it takes, and is intended to address confusion as recently noted on the git-list. With this change, the required syntax is: $ git submodule add URL path Specifically, this eliminates the form $ git submodule add URL which was confused by more than one person as $ git submodule add path With this patch, the URL locating the submodule's origin repository can be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./ or ../) can express the submodule's repository location relative to the superproject's origin. This patch also eliminates a third form of URL, which was relative to the superproject's top-level directory (not its repository). Any URL that was neither absolute nor matched ./*|../* was assumed to point to a subdirectory of the superproject as the location of the submodule's origin repository. This URL form was confusing and does not seem to correspond to an important use-case. Specifically, no-one has identified the need to clone from a repository already in the superproject's tree, but if this is needed it is easily done using an absolute URL: $(pwd)/relative-path. So, no functionality is lost with this patch. (t6008-rev-list-submodule.sh did rely upon this relative URL, fixed by using $(pwd).) Following this change, there are exactly four variants of submodule-add, as both arguments have two flavors: URL can be absolute, or can begin with ./|../ and thus names the submodule's origin relative to the superproject's origin. Note: With this patch, "submodule add" discerns an absolute URL as matching /*|*:*: e.g., URL begins with /, or it contains a :. This works for all valid URLs, an absolute path in POSIX, as well as an absolute path on Windows). path can either already exist as a valid git repo, or will be cloned from the given URL. The first form here eases creation of a new submodule in an existing superproject as the submodule can be added and tested in-tree before pushing to the public repository. However, the more usual form is the second, where the repo is cloned from the given URL. This specifically addresses the issue of $ git submodule add a/b/c attempting to clone from a repository at "a/b/c" to create a new module in "c". This also simplifies description of "relative URL" as there is now exactly *one* form: a URL relative to the parent's origin repo. Signed-off-by: Mark Levedahl <mlevedahl@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2008-07-10 01:05:40 +00:00
locate the submodule using the relative URL in .gitmodules.
status::
Show the status of the submodules. This will print the SHA-1 of the
currently checked out commit for each submodule, along with the
submodule path and the output of 'git describe' for the
SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is not
initialized and `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
repository. This command is the default command for 'git submodule'.
+
If '--recursive' is specified, this command will recurse into nested
submodules, and show their status as well.
init::
Initialize the submodules, i.e. register each submodule name
and url found in .gitmodules into .git/config.
The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
This command does not alter existing information in .git/config.
You can then customize the submodule clone URLs in .git/config
for your local setup and proceed to `git submodule update`;
you can also just use `git submodule update --init` without
the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
any submodule locations.
update::
Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository.
This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless '--rebase' or
'--merge' is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to
`rebase` or `merge`.
+
If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
submodule with the --init option.
+
If '--recursive' is specified, this command will recurse into the
registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
summary::
Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
in the submodule between the given super project commit and the
index or working tree (switched by --cached) are shown. If the option
--files is given, show the series of commits in the submodule between
the index of the super project and the working tree of the submodule
(this option doesn't allow to use the --cached option or to provide an
explicit commit).
foreach::
Evaluates an arbitrary shell command in each checked out submodule.
git-submodule foreach: Add $toplevel variable Add a $toplevel variable accessible to `git submodule foreach`, it contains the absolute path of the top level directory (where .gitmodules is). This makes it possible to e.g. read data in .gitmodules from within foreach commands. I'm using this to configure the branch names I want to track for each submodule: git submodule foreach 'git checkout $(git config --file $toplevel/.gitmodules submodule.$name.branch) && git pull' For a little history: This patch is borne out of my continuing fight of trying to have Git track the branches of submodules, not just their commits. Obviously that's not how they work (they only track commits), but I'm just interested in being able to do: git submodule foreach 'git pull' Of course that won't work because the submodule is in a disconnected head, so I first have to connect it, but connect it *to what*. For a while I was happy with this because as fate had it, it just so happened to do what I meant: git submodule foreach 'git checkout $(git describe --all --always) && git pull' But then that broke down, if there's a tag and a branch the tag will win out, and I can't git pull a branch: $ git branch -a * master remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master remotes/origin/master $ git tag -l release-0.0.6 $ git describe --always --all release-0.0.6 So I figured that I might as well start tracking the branches I want in .gitmodules itself: [submodule "yaml-mode"] path = yaml-mode url = git://github.com/yoshiki/yaml-mode.git branch = master So now I can just do (as stated above): git submodule foreach 'git checkout $(git config --file $toplevel/.gitmodules submodule.$name.branch) && git pull' Maybe there's a less painful way to do *that* (I'd love to hear about it). But regardless of that I think it's a good idea to be able to know what the top-level is from git submodule foreach. Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2010-05-21 16:10:10 +00:00
The command has access to the variables $name, $path, $sha1 and
$toplevel:
$name is the name of the relevant submodule section in .gitmodules,
$path is the name of the submodule directory relative to the
git-submodule foreach: Add $toplevel variable Add a $toplevel variable accessible to `git submodule foreach`, it contains the absolute path of the top level directory (where .gitmodules is). This makes it possible to e.g. read data in .gitmodules from within foreach commands. I'm using this to configure the branch names I want to track for each submodule: git submodule foreach 'git checkout $(git config --file $toplevel/.gitmodules submodule.$name.branch) && git pull' For a little history: This patch is borne out of my continuing fight of trying to have Git track the branches of submodules, not just their commits. Obviously that's not how they work (they only track commits), but I'm just interested in being able to do: git submodule foreach 'git pull' Of course that won't work because the submodule is in a disconnected head, so I first have to connect it, but connect it *to what*. For a while I was happy with this because as fate had it, it just so happened to do what I meant: git submodule foreach 'git checkout $(git describe --all --always) && git pull' But then that broke down, if there's a tag and a branch the tag will win out, and I can't git pull a branch: $ git branch -a * master remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master remotes/origin/master $ git tag -l release-0.0.6 $ git describe --always --all release-0.0.6 So I figured that I might as well start tracking the branches I want in .gitmodules itself: [submodule "yaml-mode"] path = yaml-mode url = git://github.com/yoshiki/yaml-mode.git branch = master So now I can just do (as stated above): git submodule foreach 'git checkout $(git config --file $toplevel/.gitmodules submodule.$name.branch) && git pull' Maybe there's a less painful way to do *that* (I'd love to hear about it). But regardless of that I think it's a good idea to be able to know what the top-level is from git submodule foreach. Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2010-05-21 16:10:10 +00:00
superproject, $sha1 is the commit as recorded in the superproject,
and $toplevel is the absolute path to the top-level of the superproject.
Any submodules defined in the superproject but not checked out are
ignored by this command. Unless given --quiet, foreach prints the name
of each submodule before evaluating the command.
If --recursive is given, submodules are traversed recursively (i.e.
the given shell command is evaluated in nested submodules as well).
A non-zero return from the command in any submodule causes
the processing to terminate. This can be overridden by adding '|| :'
to the end of the command.
+
As an example, +git submodule foreach \'echo $path {backtick}git
rev-parse HEAD{backtick}'+ will show the path and currently checked out
commit for each submodule.
sync::
Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting
to the value specified in .gitmodules. This is useful when
submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local
repositories accordingly.
+
"git submodule sync" synchronizes all submodules while
"git submodule sync -- A" synchronizes submodule "A" only.
OPTIONS
-------
-q::
--quiet::
Only print error messages.
-b::
--branch::
Branch of repository to add as submodule.
-f::
--force::
This option is only valid for the add command.
Allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
--cached::
This option is only valid for status and summary commands. These
commands typically use the commit found in the submodule HEAD, but
with this option, the commit stored in the index is used instead.
--files::
This option is only valid for the summary command. This command
compares the commit in the index with that in the submodule HEAD
when this option is used.
-n::
--summary-limit::
This option is only valid for the summary command.
Limit the summary size (number of commits shown in total).
Giving 0 will disable the summary; a negative number means unlimited
(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
-N::
--no-fetch::
This option is only valid for the update command.
Don't fetch new objects from the remote site.
--merge::
This option is only valid for the update command.
Merge the commit recorded in the superproject into the current branch
of the submodule. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will
not be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will
have to resolve the resulting conflicts within the submodule with the
usual conflict resolution tools.
If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `merge`, this option is
implicit.
--rebase::
This option is only valid for the update command.
Rebase the current branch onto the commit recorded in the
superproject. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will not
be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will have
to resolve these failures with linkgit:git-rebase[1].
If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `rebase`, this option is
implicit.
--reference <repository>::
This option is only valid for add and update commands. These
commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
this option will be passed to the linkgit:git-clone[1] command.
+
*NOTE*: Do *not* use this option unless you have read the note
for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s --reference and --shared options carefully.
--recursive::
This option is only valid for foreach, update and status commands.
Traverse submodules recursively. The operation is performed not
only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
<path>...::
Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
git-submodule - make "submodule add" more strict, and document it This change makes "submodule add" much more strict in the arguments it takes, and is intended to address confusion as recently noted on the git-list. With this change, the required syntax is: $ git submodule add URL path Specifically, this eliminates the form $ git submodule add URL which was confused by more than one person as $ git submodule add path With this patch, the URL locating the submodule's origin repository can be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./ or ../) can express the submodule's repository location relative to the superproject's origin. This patch also eliminates a third form of URL, which was relative to the superproject's top-level directory (not its repository). Any URL that was neither absolute nor matched ./*|../* was assumed to point to a subdirectory of the superproject as the location of the submodule's origin repository. This URL form was confusing and does not seem to correspond to an important use-case. Specifically, no-one has identified the need to clone from a repository already in the superproject's tree, but if this is needed it is easily done using an absolute URL: $(pwd)/relative-path. So, no functionality is lost with this patch. (t6008-rev-list-submodule.sh did rely upon this relative URL, fixed by using $(pwd).) Following this change, there are exactly four variants of submodule-add, as both arguments have two flavors: URL can be absolute, or can begin with ./|../ and thus names the submodule's origin relative to the superproject's origin. Note: With this patch, "submodule add" discerns an absolute URL as matching /*|*:*: e.g., URL begins with /, or it contains a :. This works for all valid URLs, an absolute path in POSIX, as well as an absolute path on Windows). path can either already exist as a valid git repo, or will be cloned from the given URL. The first form here eases creation of a new submodule in an existing superproject as the submodule can be added and tested in-tree before pushing to the public repository. However, the more usual form is the second, where the repo is cloned from the given URL. This specifically addresses the issue of $ git submodule add a/b/c attempting to clone from a repository at "a/b/c" to create a new module in "c". This also simplifies description of "relative URL" as there is now exactly *one* form: a URL relative to the parent's origin repo. Signed-off-by: Mark Levedahl <mlevedahl@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2008-07-10 01:05:40 +00:00
(This argument is required with add).
FILES
-----
When initializing submodules, a .gitmodules file in the top-level directory
of the containing repository is used to find the url of each submodule.
This file should be formatted in the same way as `$GIT_DIR/config`. The key
to each submodule url is "submodule.$name.url". See linkgit:gitmodules[5]
for details.
AUTHOR
------
Written by Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com>
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite