Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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git-bundle(1)
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=============
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NAME
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----
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git-bundle - Move objects and refs by archive
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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2007-05-18 13:39:33 +00:00
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[verse]
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2010-08-23 09:02:37 +00:00
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'git bundle' create <file> <git-rev-list-args>
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2008-06-30 06:09:04 +00:00
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'git bundle' verify <file>
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2010-10-08 17:31:15 +00:00
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'git bundle' list-heads <file> [<refname>...]
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'git bundle' unbundle <file> [<refname>...]
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
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machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
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2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
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be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
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ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for
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2010-01-09 23:33:00 +00:00
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'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
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2010-01-09 23:33:00 +00:00
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another repository using 'git fetch' and 'git pull'
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2009-12-01 09:19:05 +00:00
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after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet). As no
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2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
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direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the
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bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the
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destination repository.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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create <file>::
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2010-08-23 09:02:38 +00:00
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Used to create a bundle named 'file'. This requires the
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'git-rev-list-args' arguments to define the bundle contents.
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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verify <file>::
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2010-08-23 09:02:38 +00:00
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Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply
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cleanly to the current repository. This includes checks on the
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bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite
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commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository.
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'git bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits
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with a non-zero status.
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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list-heads <file>::
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2010-08-23 09:02:38 +00:00
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Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a
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list of references, only references matching those given are
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printed out.
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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unbundle <file>::
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2010-08-23 09:02:38 +00:00
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Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git index-pack'
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for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all
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defined references. If a list of references is given, only
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references matching those in the list are printed. This command is
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really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git fetch'.
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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2010-08-23 09:02:37 +00:00
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<git-rev-list-args>::
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2010-08-23 09:02:38 +00:00
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A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
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2011-01-03 19:03:34 +00:00
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'git rev-list' (and containing a named ref, see SPECIFYING REFERENCES
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2010-08-23 09:02:39 +00:00
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below), that specifies the specific objects and references
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docs: stop using asciidoc no-inline-literal
In asciidoc 7, backticks like `foo` produced a typographic
effect, but did not otherwise affect the syntax. In asciidoc
8, backticks introduce an "inline literal" inside which markup
is not interpreted. To keep compatibility with existing
documents, asciidoc 8 has a "no-inline-literal" attribute to
keep the old behavior. We enabled this so that the
documentation could be built on either version.
It has been several years now, and asciidoc 7 is no longer
in wide use. We can now decide whether or not we want
inline literals on their own merits, which are:
1. The source is much easier to read when the literal
contains punctuation. You can use `master~1` instead
of `master{tilde}1`.
2. They are less error-prone. Because of point (1), we
tend to make mistakes and forget the extra layer of
quoting.
This patch removes the no-inline-literal attribute from the
Makefile and converts every use of backticks in the
documentation to an inline literal (they must be cleaned up,
or the example above would literally show "{tilde}" in the
output).
Problematic sites were found by grepping for '`.*[{\\]' and
examined and fixed manually. The results were then verified
by comparing the output of "html2text" on the set of
generated html pages. Doing so revealed that in addition to
making the source more readable, this patch fixes several
formatting bugs:
- HTML rendering used the ellipsis character instead of
literal "..." in code examples (like "git log A...B")
- some code examples used the right-arrow character
instead of '->' because they failed to quote
- api-config.txt did not quote tilde, and the resulting
HTML contained a bogus snippet like:
<tt><sub></tt> foo <tt></sub>bar</tt>
which caused some parsers to choke and omit whole
sections of the page.
- git-commit.txt confused ``foo`` (backticks inside a
literal) with ``foo'' (matched double-quotes)
- mentions of `A U Thor <author@example.com>` used to
erroneously auto-generate a mailto footnote for
author@example.com
- the description of --word-diff=plain incorrectly showed
the output as "[-removed-] and {added}", not "{+added+}".
- using "prime" notation like:
commit `C` and its replacement `C'`
confused asciidoc into thinking that everything between
the first backtick and the final apostrophe were meant
to be inside matched quotes
- asciidoc got confused by the escaping of some of our
asterisks. In particular,
`credential.\*` and `credential.<url>.\*`
properly escaped the asterisk in the first case, but
literally passed through the backslash in the second
case.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2012-04-26 08:51:57 +00:00
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to transport. For example, `master~10..master` causes the
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2010-08-23 09:02:38 +00:00
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current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
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added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit
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limit to the number of references and objects that may be
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packaged.
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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2010-10-08 17:31:15 +00:00
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[<refname>...]::
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2010-08-23 09:02:38 +00:00
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A list of references used to limit the references reported as
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available. This is principally of use to 'git fetch', which
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expects to receive only those references asked for and not
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necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git bundle' acts
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like 'git fetch-pack').
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
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SPECIFYING REFERENCES
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---------------------
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2010-01-09 23:33:00 +00:00
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'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by
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'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References
|
docs: stop using asciidoc no-inline-literal
In asciidoc 7, backticks like `foo` produced a typographic
effect, but did not otherwise affect the syntax. In asciidoc
8, backticks introduce an "inline literal" inside which markup
is not interpreted. To keep compatibility with existing
documents, asciidoc 8 has a "no-inline-literal" attribute to
keep the old behavior. We enabled this so that the
documentation could be built on either version.
It has been several years now, and asciidoc 7 is no longer
in wide use. We can now decide whether or not we want
inline literals on their own merits, which are:
1. The source is much easier to read when the literal
contains punctuation. You can use `master~1` instead
of `master{tilde}1`.
2. They are less error-prone. Because of point (1), we
tend to make mistakes and forget the extra layer of
quoting.
This patch removes the no-inline-literal attribute from the
Makefile and converts every use of backticks in the
documentation to an inline literal (they must be cleaned up,
or the example above would literally show "{tilde}" in the
output).
Problematic sites were found by grepping for '`.*[{\\]' and
examined and fixed manually. The results were then verified
by comparing the output of "html2text" on the set of
generated html pages. Doing so revealed that in addition to
making the source more readable, this patch fixes several
formatting bugs:
- HTML rendering used the ellipsis character instead of
literal "..." in code examples (like "git log A...B")
- some code examples used the right-arrow character
instead of '->' because they failed to quote
- api-config.txt did not quote tilde, and the resulting
HTML contained a bogus snippet like:
<tt><sub></tt> foo <tt></sub>bar</tt>
which caused some parsers to choke and omit whole
sections of the page.
- git-commit.txt confused ``foo`` (backticks inside a
literal) with ``foo'' (matched double-quotes)
- mentions of `A U Thor <author@example.com>` used to
erroneously auto-generate a mailto footnote for
author@example.com
- the description of --word-diff=plain incorrectly showed
the output as "[-removed-] and {added}", not "{+added+}".
- using "prime" notation like:
commit `C` and its replacement `C'`
confused asciidoc into thinking that everything between
the first backtick and the final apostrophe were meant
to be inside matched quotes
- asciidoc got confused by the escaping of some of our
asterisks. In particular,
`credential.\*` and `credential.<url>.\*`
properly escaped the asterisk in the first case, but
literally passed through the backslash in the second
case.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2012-04-26 08:51:57 +00:00
|
|
|
such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more
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|
|
than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not
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|
|
|
contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be
|
docs: stop using asciidoc no-inline-literal
In asciidoc 7, backticks like `foo` produced a typographic
effect, but did not otherwise affect the syntax. In asciidoc
8, backticks introduce an "inline literal" inside which markup
is not interpreted. To keep compatibility with existing
documents, asciidoc 8 has a "no-inline-literal" attribute to
keep the old behavior. We enabled this so that the
documentation could be built on either version.
It has been several years now, and asciidoc 7 is no longer
in wide use. We can now decide whether or not we want
inline literals on their own merits, which are:
1. The source is much easier to read when the literal
contains punctuation. You can use `master~1` instead
of `master{tilde}1`.
2. They are less error-prone. Because of point (1), we
tend to make mistakes and forget the extra layer of
quoting.
This patch removes the no-inline-literal attribute from the
Makefile and converts every use of backticks in the
documentation to an inline literal (they must be cleaned up,
or the example above would literally show "{tilde}" in the
output).
Problematic sites were found by grepping for '`.*[{\\]' and
examined and fixed manually. The results were then verified
by comparing the output of "html2text" on the set of
generated html pages. Doing so revealed that in addition to
making the source more readable, this patch fixes several
formatting bugs:
- HTML rendering used the ellipsis character instead of
literal "..." in code examples (like "git log A...B")
- some code examples used the right-arrow character
instead of '->' because they failed to quote
- api-config.txt did not quote tilde, and the resulting
HTML contained a bogus snippet like:
<tt><sub></tt> foo <tt></sub>bar</tt>
which caused some parsers to choke and omit whole
sections of the page.
- git-commit.txt confused ``foo`` (backticks inside a
literal) with ``foo'' (matched double-quotes)
- mentions of `A U Thor <author@example.com>` used to
erroneously auto-generate a mailto footnote for
author@example.com
- the description of --word-diff=plain incorrectly showed
the output as "[-removed-] and {added}", not "{+added+}".
- using "prime" notation like:
commit `C` and its replacement `C'`
confused asciidoc into thinking that everything between
the first backtick and the final apostrophe were meant
to be inside matched quotes
- asciidoc got confused by the escaping of some of our
asterisks. In particular,
`credential.\*` and `credential.<url>.\*`
properly escaped the asterisk in the first case, but
literally passed through the backslash in the second
case.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2012-04-26 08:51:57 +00:00
|
|
|
specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g.
|
|
|
|
`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
|
|
|
|
to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
when unpacking at the destination.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLE
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A
|
|
|
|
to another repository R2 on machine B.
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed,
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.).
|
|
|
|
We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1.
|
2008-02-24 13:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have
|
|
|
|
any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last
|
|
|
|
processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository
|
|
|
|
with an incremental bundle:
|
2008-02-24 13:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
machineA$ cd R1
|
2009-02-07 22:21:49 +00:00
|
|
|
machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
2008-02-24 13:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating
|
|
|
|
the repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it
|
|
|
|
were a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then
|
|
|
|
pulling or fetching objects from the bundle:
|
2008-02-24 13:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
2009-02-07 22:21:49 +00:00
|
|
|
machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
have an entry like this:
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
[remote "origin"]
|
2009-02-07 22:21:49 +00:00
|
|
|
url = /home/me/tmp/file.bundle
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
To update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after
|
|
|
|
replacing the bundle stored at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental
|
|
|
|
updates.
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
After working some more in the original repository, you can create an
|
|
|
|
incremental bundle to update the other repository:
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
machineA$ cd R1
|
2009-02-07 22:21:49 +00:00
|
|
|
machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace
|
|
|
|
/home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from it.
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
machineB$ cd R2
|
|
|
|
machineB$ git pull
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
2008-02-24 13:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go
|
2010-08-23 09:02:37 +00:00
|
|
|
in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples:
|
2008-02-24 13:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
You can use a tag that is present in both:
|
2008-02-24 13:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
$ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
You can use a basis based on time:
|
2007-09-26 23:34:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
$ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
You can use the number of commits:
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
$ git bundle create mybundle -10 master
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
that was created with a basis:
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
2008-06-30 06:09:04 +00:00
|
|
|
$ git bundle verify mybundle
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
bundle and will error out if you do not have them.
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a
|
2009-03-23 01:00:14 +00:00
|
|
|
regular repository which it fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map
|
|
|
|
references when fetching:
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
$ git fetch mybundle master:localRef
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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2010-08-23 09:02:37 +00:00
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You can also see what references it offers:
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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2009-02-04 09:15:29 +00:00
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----------------
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$ git ls-remote mybundle
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----------------
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Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive
Some workflows require use of repositories on machines that cannot be
connected, preventing use of git-fetch / git-push to transport objects and
references between the repositories.
git-bundle provides an alternate transport mechanism, effectively allowing
git-fetch and git-pull to operate using sneakernet transport. `git-bundle
create` allows the user to create a bundle containing one or more branches
or tags, but with specified basis assumed to exist on the target
repository. At the receiving end, git-bundle acts like git-fetch-pack,
allowing the user to invoke git-fetch or git-pull using the bundle file as
the URL. git-fetch and git-ls-remote determine they have a bundle URL by
checking that the URL points to a file, but are otherwise unchanged in
operation with bundles.
The original patch was done by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>.
It was updated to make git-bundle a builtin, and get rid of the tar
format: now, the first line is supposed to say "# v2 git bundle", the next
lines either contain a prerequisite ("-" followed by the hash of the
needed commit), or a ref (the hash of a commit, followed by the name of
the ref), and finally the pack. As a result, the bundle argument can be
"-" now.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2007-02-22 00:59:14 +00:00
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GIT
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---
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2008-06-06 07:07:32 +00:00
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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